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Pneumothorax
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==Other animals== Non-human animals may experience both spontaneous and traumatic pneumothorax. Spontaneous pneumothorax is, as in humans, classified as primary or secondary, while traumatic pneumothorax is divided into open and closed (with or without chest wall damage).<ref name=Pawloski>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pawloski DR, Broaddus KD | title = Pneumothorax: a review | journal = Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association | volume = 46 | issue = 6 | pages = 385β397 | year = 2010 | pmid = 21041331 | doi = 10.5326/0460385 }}</ref> The diagnosis may be apparent to the [[veterinary physician]] because the animal exhibits difficulty breathing in, or has shallow breathing. Pneumothoraces may arise from lung lesions (such as bullae) or from trauma to the chest wall.<ref name=Merck1>{{cite news | title=Causes of Respiratory Malfunction | work=Merck Veterinary Manual, 9th edition (online version) | url=http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/toc_91000.htm | year=2005 | access-date=5 June 2011 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126122530/http://merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm%2Fbc%2Ftoc_91000.htm | archive-date=26 November 2010 }}</ref> In horses, traumatic pneumothorax may involve both hemithoraces, as the [[mediastinum]] is incomplete and there is a direct connection between the two halves of the chest.<ref name=Merck2>{{cite web | title=Equine trauma and first aid: wounds and lacerations | work=Merck Veterinary Manual, 9th edition (online version) | url=http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/160810.htm | year=2005 | access-date=5 June 2011 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906123324/http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm%2Fbc%2F160810.htm | archive-date=6 September 2009 }}</ref> Tension pneumothorax β the presence of which may be suspected due to rapidly deteriorating heart function, absent lung sounds throughout the thorax, and a barrel-shaped chest β is treated with an incision in the animal's chest to relieve the pressure, followed by insertion of a chest tube.<ref name=Merck3>{{cite web | title=Primary survey and triage - breathing | work=Merck Veterinary Manual, 9th edition (online version) | url=http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/160203.htm | year=2005 | access-date=5 June 2011 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028144738/http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm%2Fbc%2F160203.htm | archive-date=28 October 2011 }}</ref> For spontaneous pneumothorax the use of CT for diagnosis has been described for dogs<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Au JJ, Weisman DL, Stefanacci JD, Palmisano MP | title = Use of computed tomography for evaluation of lung lesions associated with spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs: 12 cases (1999-2002) | journal = Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association | volume = 228 | issue = 5 | pages = 733β737 | date = March 2006 | pmid = 16506938 | doi = 10.2460/javma.228.5.733 | doi-access = free }}</ref> and Kunekune pigs.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Smith J, Cuneo M, Walton R, White R, Busch R, Chigerwe M |title=Spontaneous Pneumothorax in a Companion Kunekune Pig due to Pulmonary Bullae Rupture |journal=Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine |date=April 2020 |volume=34 |pages=6β9 |doi=10.1053/j.jepm.2020.04.001|s2cid=218806957 |url=https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/vdpam_pubs/189 }}</ref>
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