Editing Police corruption (section)

====Estonia====
Estonia's experiences of corruption in general, and more specifically, corruption in the police force are low in comparison to the European Union's average.<ref name="Annual Report 2014">{{cite report |title=Annual Report 2014 |publisher=Kaitsepolitseiamet |date=2014 |url=https://www.kapo.ee/cms-data/_text/138/124/files/kapo-aastaraamat-2014-en.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715152543/https://www.kapo.ee/cms-data/_text/138/124/files/kapo-aastaraamat-2014-en.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2015 }}</ref> While there are no specific anti-corruption agency or body which deals with corruption in Estonia, the Security Police Board and Police Board are in charge of investigating and regulating any instances of police corruption.<ref name="Mari-Liis Soot 2013">{{cite report |author=Mari-Liis Soot |date=2013 |title=Anti-Corruption Strategy |publisher=Ministry of Justice |url=http://www.korruptsioon.ee/sites/www.korruptsioon.ee/files/elfinder/dokumendid/estonian_anti-corruption_strategy_2013-2020.pdf |access-date=15 July 2015 |archive-date=15 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715182750/http://www.korruptsioon.ee/sites/www.korruptsioon.ee/files/elfinder/dokumendid/estonian_anti-corruption_strategy_2013-2020.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The Security Police, established in 1993, is an impartial board within the Ministry of Internal Affairs.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} Their main aims are to gather intelligence, counter-terrorism, and enact anti-corruption measures.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} This board comprises four regional departments who mainly deal with corruption surrounding "higher officials".{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} The majority of their force have received higher education with "specialised training in corruption investigations". Their primary purpose is to investigate instances of corruption crime, committed only by public servants.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} The achievements of this board, thus far, have been solving cases in significant white-collar crime and corruption in border and customs guard.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} 
In regards to the Estonian Police, in particular, while all police officers have to go through some initial anti-corruption training there are no yearly requirements they must fulfill in terms of continued training.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}

The general police are governed by the Police Board who have an Internal Control Division who are responsible for the investigation of misconduct and corruption. The Police board is in control of investigating smaller instances of corruption, as well as those cases concerning civic officials.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} These anti-corruption strategies and boards fall under multiple Anti-Corruption Strategies which have been implemented by the Ministry of Justice. The most recent of these strategies is the 'Anti-Corruption Strategy 2013-2020'.<ref name="Mari-Liis Soot 2013"/> The strategy crosses many private and public areas and sectors of Estonia. The aim of the strategy is to both raise awareness and educate the population of corruption and corruption-willingness.<ref name="Mari-Liis Soot 2013"/> Within the guidelines of this strategy all decisions, regulations and policies implemented by the different ministries and boards must abide by the rule of transparency, whereby the public must be informed of what is occurring, how much it will cost and why.<ref name="Mari-Liis Soot 2013"/> In the report for this strategy it is acknowledged there is a higher risk of corruption for those working in law enforcement agencies. Therefore, the Ministry of Justice pays close attention to these areas and have set about implementing strict measures and bodies to govern all law enforcement agencies. While the anti-corruption strategy has greatly assisted in decreasing levels of corruption in the general police force, the rate of corruption in the Border and Custom Guard Agency is still fairly high.<ref name="Annual Report 2014"/>

Due to Estonia's position on the border of the European Union (EU) their Border and Customs Guards come in contact with a great deal of organised crime and immigrants wanting to cross the Eastern border of Estonia into the EU. The result being many officials in this agency see the opportunity to increase their wealth through corruption and in turn accept bribes to let immigrants into Estonia and the EU.<ref name="Annual Report 2014"/> These type of corrupt officials pose a serious threat to both national security and the security of the EU when they let in illegal immigrants, in particular those involved in organised crime. In the Permanent Mission of Estonia, the Estonian Government states the aim of all anti-corruption strategies set up in their country is to ensure their population is allowed full enjoyment of their human rights.<ref>{{cite report |author=Government of Estonia |title=Permanent Mission of Estonia |publisher=Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights |date=2013 |url=http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/AdvisoryCom/Corruption/Estonia.pdf |access-date=15 July 2015 |archive-date=15 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715163335/http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/AdvisoryCom/Corruption/Estonia.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Through the long-term anti-corruption strategies, the Estonian Government aims to rid their country of any sort of corruption which could infringe on people's rights or pose a threat to national or international security.