Editing Polygamy (section)

===Islam===
{{Main|Polygyny in Islam}}
In [[Islamic marital jurisprudence]], under warranted conditions, a Muslim man may have [[Polygyny|more than one wife]] at the same time, up to a total of four. Muslim women are not permitted to have [[Polyandry|more than one husband]] at the same time under any circumstances.

Based on verse 30:21 of [[Quran]] the ideal relationship is the comfort that a couple find in each other's embrace:
{{blockquote|And one of His signs is that He created for you spouses from among yourselves so that you may find comfort in them. And He has placed between you compassion and mercy. Surely in this are signs for people who reflect.|{{qref|30|21|c=y}}}}

The polygyny that is allowed in the Quran is for special situations. There are strict requirements to marrying more than one woman, as the man must treat them fairly financially and in terms of support given to each wife, according to Islamic law. However, Islam advises monogamy for a man if he fears he cannot deal justly with his wives. This is based on verse 4:3 of [[Quran]] which says:

{{blockquote|If you fear you might fail to give orphan women their ˹due˺ rights ˹if you were to marry them˺, then marry other women of your choice—two, three, or four. But if you are afraid you will fail to maintain justice, then ˹content yourselves with˺ one or those ˹bondwomen˺ in your possession. This way you are less likely to commit injustice.|{{qref|4|3|c=y}}}}

Muslim women are not allowed to marry more than one husband at once. However, in the case of a [[divorce]] or their husbands' death they can remarry after the completion of [[Iddah]], as divorce is legal in Islamic law. A non-Muslim woman who flees from her non-Muslim husband and accepts [[Islam]] has the option to remarry without divorce from her previous husband, as her marriage with non-Muslim husband is Islamically dissolved on her fleeing.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Çiğdem|first=Recep|date=March 2015|title=Interfaith marriage in comparative perspective|journal=Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae|language=en|volume=68|issue=1|pages=59–86|doi=10.1556/AOrient.68.2015.1.4|issn=0001-6446|url=http://real.mtak.hu/37242/1/aorient.68.2015.1.4.pdf|access-date=26 August 2020|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112031756/http://real.mtak.hu/37242/1/aorient.68.2015.1.4.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> A non-Muslim woman captured during war by Muslims, can also remarry, as her marriage with her non-Muslim husband is Islamically dissolved at capture by Muslim soldiers.<ref>[[Thomas Hughes]] (1855), ''Dictionary of Islam'', p.59.</ref><ref>[[David Samuel Margoliouth]] (1905), ''Mohammed and the Rise of Islam'', p.407, p.461.</ref> This permission is given to such women in verse 4:24 of Quran. The verse also emphasizes on transparency, mutual agreement and financial compensation as prerequisites for matrimonial relationship as opposed to prostitution; it says:
{{blockquote|Also ˹forbidden are˺ married women—except ˹female˺ captives in your possession. This is Allah's commandment to you. Lawful to you are all beyond these—as long as you seek them with your wealth in a legal marriage, not in fornication. Give those you have consummated marriage with their due dowries. It is permissible to be mutually gracious regarding the set dowry. Surely Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.|{{qref|4|24 |c=y}}}}

[[Muhammad]] was monogamously married to [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid|Khadija]], his first wife, for 25 years, until she died. After her death, he married multiple women. Muhammad had a total of 9 wives at the same time, even though Muslim men were limited to 4 wives. His total wives are 11.

One reason cited for polygyny is that it allows a man to give financial protection to multiple women, who might otherwise not have any support (e.g. widows).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.islamweb.net/ver2/fatwa/ShowFatwa.php?lang=A&Id=18444&Option=FatwaId |title=IslamWeb |publisher=IslamWeb |date=7 February 2002 |access-date=13 September 2011 |archive-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728085755/https://www.islamweb.net/ar/fatwa/18444/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, some Islamic scholars say the wife can set a condition, in the [[nikah|marriage contract]], that the husband cannot marry another woman during their marriage. In such a case, the husband cannot marry another woman as long as he is married to his wife. However, other Islamic scholars state that this condition is not allowed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ahlalhdeeth.com/vb/showthread.php?t=165257 |title=ahlalhdeeth |publisher=ahlalhdeeth |date=12 September 2013 |access-date=13 September 2011 |archive-date=14 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214201552/http://www.ahlalhdeeth.com/vb/showthread.php?t=165257 |url-status=dead }}</ref> According to traditional Islamic law, each of those wives keeps their property and assets separate; and are paid [[Mahr]] separately by their husband. Usually the wives have little to no contact with each other and lead separate, individual lives in their own houses, and sometimes in different cities, though they all share the same husband.

In most Muslim-majority countries, polygyny is legal with [[Kuwait]] being the only one where no restrictions are imposed on it. The practice is illegal in Muslim-majority [[Turkey]], [[Tunisia]], [[Albania]], [[Kosovo]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Brunei]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Guinea]],
[[Kazakhstan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Kyrgyzstan ]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Tajikistan]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XHF8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT230|title=Women, Islam and Everyday Life: Renegotiating Polygamy in Indonesia|first=Nina|last=Nurmila|date=10 June 2009|publisher=Routledge|via=Google Books|isbn=9781134033706}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thinkafricapress.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fthinkafricapress.com%2Ftunisia%2Ffuture-state-feminism#2848 |title=Tunisia: Protecting Ben Ali's Feminist Legacy |author=Maike Voorhoeve |publisher=[[Think Africa Press]] |date=31 January 2013 |access-date=23 January 2015 |archive-date=23 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123221720/http://www.thinkafricapress.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fthinkafricapress.com%2Ftunisia%2Ffuture-state-feminism#2848 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=njPYSxcBV-EC&pg=PA272|title=Social Assessment and Agricultural Reform in Central Asia and Turkey|first1=Ay?e|last1=Kudat|first2=Stan|last2=Peabody|first3=Ça?lar|last3=Keyder|date=29 December 2017|publisher=World Bank Publications|via=Google Books|isbn=9780821346785}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.un.org/press/fr/2007/FEM1625.doc.htm|title= LES EXPERTS DU CEDAW S'INQUIÈTENT DE LA PERSISTANCE DE STÉRÉOTYPES SEXISTES ET DE LA SITUATION DES MINORITÉS EN SERBIE|publisher= [[United Nations]]|date= 16 May 2007|access-date= 3 February 2016|archive-date= 24 June 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170624231342/http://www.un.org/press/fr/2007/FEM1625.doc.htm|url-status= live}}</ref>

Countries that allow polygyny typically also require a man to obtain permission from his previous wives before marrying another, and require the man to prove that he can financially support multiple wives. In some Muslim countries, a man must justify taking an additional wife at a court hearing before he is allowed to do so.<ref name="Modern">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4Eye4ilLVkC&pg=PA35 |title=Modern Muslim societies |page=35 |isbn=978-0-7614-7927-7 |date=2010|last1=Reference |first1=Marshall Cavendish |publisher=Marshall Cavendish }}</ref> In Sudan, the government encouraged polygyny in 2001 to increase the population.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1493309.stm |title=Omar Hassan al-Bashir, has urged Sudanese men to take more than one wife, claiming that this would the population |publisher=BBC News |date=15 August 2001 |access-date=13 September 2011 |archive-date=15 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215083609/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1493309.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>