Editing Primate (section)

==Ecology==
{{See also|List of primates by population}}
[[File:Macaque India 3.jpg|thumb|upright|right|[[Rhesus macaque]] at [[Agra Fort]], [[India]]]]

[[Human]]s are the most [[Adaptation|adaptable]] primate species, despite having a low or narrow tolerance for many of the earth's extreme environments.<ref name="Piantadosi-2003">{{cite book|vauthors=Piantadosi CA|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70215878|title=The biology of human survival : life and death in extreme environments|date=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-974807-5|location=Oxford|pages=2–3|oclc=70215878|access-date=30 July 2022|archive-date=30 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730032850/https://www.worldcat.org/title/biology-of-human-survival-life-and-death-in-extreme-environments/oclc/70215878|url-status=live}}</ref> Currently the species is present in all eight [[biogeographical realms]], although their presence in the [[Antarctic realm]] is very limited to [[Research stations in Antarctica|research stations]] and annually there is a population decline in the winter months of this realm. 

Non-human primates primarily live in the [[Tropics|tropical]] latitudes of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Species that live outside of the tropics include the [[Japanese macaque]] which lives in the Japanese islands of [[Honshū]] and [[Hokkaido]]; the [[Barbary macaque]] which lives in North Africa and several species of langur which live in China. Primates tend to live in [[Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests|tropical rainforest]]s but are also found in [[temperate forest]]s, [[savanna]]s, [[desert]]s, mountains and coastal areas.<ref name="MacDonald">{{Cite book |author=Cowlishaw, G. |author2=Clutton-Brock, T. |contribution=Primates |year=2009 |title=The Princeton Encyclopedia of Mammals |editor=MacDonald, D. |publisher=Princeton and Oxford University Press |pages=270–280 |isbn=978-0-691-14069-8}}</ref> The number of primate species within tropical areas has been shown to be positively [[correlation|correlated]] to the amount of rainfall and the amount of rain forest area.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Geographic and climatic control of primate diversity|last1=Reed |first1=K. |last2=Fleagle |first2=J.|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=92|issue=17|pages=7874–7876|date=August 15, 1995|doi=10.1073/pnas.92.17.7874|pmid=7644506|pmc=41248|bibcode = 1995PNAS...92.7874R|doi-access=free }}</ref> Accounting for 25% to 40% of the [[frugivore|fruit-eating animals]] (by [[biomass|weight]]) within tropical rainforests, primates play an important [[Ecology|ecological]] role by dispersing seeds of many tree species.<ref>{{cite book|title=Primates in Perspective|author1=Chapman, C. |author2=Russo, S. |name-list-style=amp |chapter=Primate Seed Dispersal|year=2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|editor=Campbell, C. J. |editor2=Fuentes, A. |editor3=MacKinnon, K. C. |editor4=Panger, M. |editor5=Bearder, S. K.|isbn=978-0-19-517133-4|pages=510}}</ref>

Primate habitats span a range of altitudes: the [[black snub-nosed monkey]] has been found living in the [[Hengduan Mountains]] at altitudes of 4,700&nbsp;meters (15,400&nbsp;ft),<ref name="Long94">{{cite journal | last1=Long |first1=Y. C. |last2=Kirkpatrick |first2=R. C. |last3=Zhong |first3=T. |last4=Xiao |first4=L. | date = April 1994 | title = Report on the distribution, population, and ecology of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (''Rhinopithecus bieti'') | journal = Primates | volume = 35 | issue = 2 | pages = 241–250 | doi = 10.1007/BF02382060|s2cid=23931368 }}</ref> the [[mountain gorilla]] can be found at 4,200 meters (13,200&nbsp;ft) crossing the [[Virunga Mountains]],<ref name="Schaller">{{cite book | author = Schaller, G. B. | year = 1963 | title = The Mountain Gorilla: Ecology and Behavior | location = Chicago | publisher = University Chicago Press | isbn = 978-0-226-73635-8 | url = https://archive.org/details/mountaingorillae00scha}}</ref> and the gelada has been found at elevations of up to {{Convert|5,000|m|ft|abbr=on}} in the [[Ethiopian Highlands]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Stammbach, E. |year=1987 |contribution=Desert, Forest, and Montane Baboons: Multilevel-Societies |pages=112–120 |editor=Smuts, B |editor2=Cheney, D |editor3=Seyfarth, R |editor4=Wrangham, R |editor5=Struhsaker, T. |title=Primate Societies |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0226767161}}</ref> Some species interact with aquatic environments and may swim or even dive, including the [[proboscis monkey]], [[De Brazza's monkey]] and [[Allen's swamp monkey]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Kemp, E.|year=2009|title=Patterns of Water Use in Primates|journal=Folia Primatologica|volume=80|issue=4|pages=275–294|doi=10.1159/000252586|pmid=19864919|s2cid=5108827}}</ref> Some primates, such as the [[rhesus macaque]] and gray langurs, can exploit human-modified environments and even [[urban wildlife|live in cities]].<ref name="Rowe1996" /><ref>{{cite book|title=Primates in Perspective|author1=Wolfe, L. D. |author2=Fuentes, A. |name-list-style=amp |chapter=Ethnoprimatology|year=2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|editor=Campbell, C. J. |editor2=Fuentes, A. |editor3=MacKinnon, K. C. |editor4=Panger, M. |editor5=Bearder, S. K.|isbn=978-0-19-517133-4|pages=692}}</ref>