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Proto-Germanic language
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===Phonotactics=== Proto-Germanic allowed any single consonant to occur in one of three positions: initial, medial and final. However, clusters could only consist of two consonants unless followed by a suffix, and only certain clusters were possible in certain positions. It allowed the following clusters in initial and medial position: * Non-dental + ''l'': ''pl'', ''kl'', ''fl'', ''hl'', ''sl'', ''bl'', ''gl'', ''wl'' * Non-alveolar + ''r'': ''pr'', ''tr'', ''kr'', ''fr'', ''þr'', ''hr'', ''br'', ''dr'', ''gr'', ''wr'' * Non-labial + ''w'': ''tw'', ''dw'', ''kw'', ''þw'', ''hw'', ''sw'' * Voiceless velar + ''n'', ''s'' + nasal: ''kn'', ''hn'', ''sm'', ''sn'' It allowed the following clusters in medial position only: * Dental + ''l'': ''tl'', ''dl'', ''þl'' * Liquid or labial + ''w'': ''lw'', ''rw'' * Geminates: ''pp'', ''tt'', ''kk'', ''ss'', ''bb'', ''dd'', ''gg'', ''mm'', ''nn'', ''ll'', ''rr'', ''jj'', ''ww'' * Consonant + ''j'': ''pj'', ''tj'', ''kj'', ''fj'', ''þj'', ''hj'', ''zj'', ''bj'', ''dj'', ''gj'', ''mj'', ''nj'', ''lj'', ''rj'', ''wj'' It allowed continuant + obstruent clusters in medial and final position only: * Fricative + obstruent: ''ft'', ''ht'', ''fs'', ''hs'', ''zd'' * Nasal + obstruent: ''mp'', ''mf'', ''ms'', ''mb'', ''nt'', ''nk'', ''nþ'', ''nh'', ''ns'', ''nd'', ''ng'' (however ''nh'' was simplified to ''h'', with nasalisation and lengthening of the previous vowel, in late Proto-Germanic) * Liquid + obstruent: ''lp'', ''lt'', ''lk'', ''lf'', ''lþ'', ''lh'', ''ls'', ''lb'', ''ld'', ''lg'', ''lm'', ''rp'', ''rt'', ''rk'', ''rf'', ''rþ'', ''rh'', ''rs'', ''rb'', ''rd'', ''rg'', ''rm'', ''rn'' The ''s'' + voiceless plosive clusters (''sp'', ''st'', ''sk'') could appear in any position in a word.
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