Editing Quantum decoherence (section)

==== Isolation from Environment ====
The most basic and direct way to reduce decoherence is to prevent the quantum system from interacting with the environment by any type of isolation. Here are some typical examples of isolation methods.

* [[Ultra-high vacuum|High Vacuum]]: Placing qubits in an ultra-high vacuum environment to minimize interaction with air molecules.{{cn|date=December 2024}}
* [[Cryogenic cooling|Cryogenic Cooling]]: Operating quantum systems at extremely low temperatures to reduce thermal vibrations and noise.{{cn|date=December 2024}}
* [[Electromagnetic shielding|Electromagnetic Shielding]]: Enclosing quantum systems in materials that block external electromagnetic fields - such as mu-metal or superconducting materials - reduces decoherence caused by unwanted electromagnetic interference.{{cn|date=December 2024}}
* Shielding [[Cosmic ray|Cosmic Rays]]: In August 2020 scientists reported that ionizing radiation from environmental radioactive materials and cosmic rays may substantially limit the coherence times of [[Qubit|qubits]] if they aren't shielded adequately which may be critical for realizing fault-tolerant superconducting quantum computers in the future.<ref>{{cite news |title=Quantum computers may be destroyed by high-energy particles from space |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2252933-quantum-computers-may-be-destroyed-by-high-energy-particles-from-space/ |access-date=7 September 2020 |work=New Scientist}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Cosmic rays may soon stymie quantum computing |url=https://phys.org/news/2020-08-cosmic-rays-stymie-quantum.html |access-date=7 September 2020 |work=phys.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vepsäläinen |first1=Antti P. |last2=Karamlou |first2=Amir H. |last3=Orrell |first3=John L. |last4=Dogra |first4=Akshunna S. |last5=Loer |first5=Ben |last6=Vasconcelos |first6=Francisca |last7=Kim |first7=David K. |last8=Melville |first8=Alexander J. |last9=Niedzielski |first9=Bethany M. |last10=Yoder |first10=Jonilyn L. |last11=Gustavsson |first11=Simon |last12=Formaggio |first12=Joseph A. |last13=VanDevender |first13=Brent A. |last14=Oliver |first14=William D. |date=August 2020 |title=Impact of ionizing radiation on superconducting qubit coherence |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2619-8 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=584 |issue=7822 |pages=551–556 |arxiv=2001.09190 |bibcode=2020Natur.584..551V |doi=10.1038/s41586-020-2619-8 |issn=1476-4687 |pmid=32848227 |s2cid=210920566 |access-date=7 September 2020}}</ref>
* Better Materials: Fabricating qubits from special materials, like highly pure or isotopically enriched ones, to minimize intrinsic noise of the material, including noise from defects or nuclear spins.{{cn|date=December 2024}}
* Circuit Design: Optimizing the coherence ability when designing the construction of quantum circuits, similar to the concern in classical circuits.{{cn|date=December 2024}}
* Mechanical and Optical Isolation: Using equipment like vibration isolation tables and acoustic isolation materials, reducing sources of mechanical noise, and shielding against external light—common in physical experiments.{{cn|date=December 2024}}