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Ramon Llull
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===Twentieth and twenty-first centuries=== ====Scholarship==== Llull is now recognized by scholars as significant in both the history of Catalan literature as well as intellectual history. From 1906 to 1950 the Comissió Editora Lul·liana led a project to edit Llull's works written in Catalan. This series was called the Obres de Ramon Llull (ORL). In 1957 the Raimundus-Lullus-Institut was founded in Freiburg, Germany to begin the work of editing Llull's Latin works. This series is called the Raimundi Lulli Opera Latina (ROL) and is still ongoing.<ref>{{cite web |title=RAIMVNDI LVLLI Opera latina |url=https://www.theol.uni-freiburg.de/disciplinae/dqtm/forschung/raimundus-lullus/kritische-edition |access-date=11 September 2021}}</ref> In 1990 the work on the Catalan texts was restarted with the Nova Edició de les Obres de Ramon Llull (NEORL).<ref>{{cite web |title=Nova Edició de les Obres de Ramon Llull (NEORL) |url=https://manicula.narpan.net/nova-edicio-de-les-obres-de-ramon-llull-neorl |access-date=11 September 2021}}</ref> In the world of English-language scholarship on memory systems, the work of [[Frances Yates]] ({{harvnb|Yates|1966}}) brought new interest to Ramon Llull as a figure in the history of cognitive systems. ====Art and fiction==== Llull has appeared in the art and literature of the last century, especially in the genres of [[surrealism]], philosophical fantasy, and metafiction. [[Salvador Dalí]]'s alchemical thought was influenced by Ramon Llull and Dalí incorporated the diagrams from the Lullian ''Art'' into his work called ''Alchimie des Philosophes''.<ref>{{cite web |title=SALVADOR DALÍ: ALCHIMIE DES PHILOSOPHES |url=https://libmedia.willamette.edu/hfma/omeka/exhibits/show/salvador-dali--alchimie-des-ph |access-date=11 September 2021}}</ref> In 1937 [[Jorge Luis Borges]] wrote a snippet called "Ramon Llull's Thinking Machine" proposing the Lullian ''Art'' as a device to produce poetry.<ref>"Ramon Llull's Thinking Machine" in {{cite book |last1=Borges |first1=Jorge Luis |title=Selected Non-fictions |date=1999 |publisher=Viking |location=New York |pages=155–159}}</ref> Other notable references to Ramon Llull are: [[Aldous Huxley]]'s short story ''The Death of Lully'', a fictionalized account aftermath of Llull's stoning in Tunis, set aboard the Genoese ship that returned him to Mallorca.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Huxley|first=Aldous|title=Limbo|publisher=Chatto & Windus|year=1920}}</ref> [[Paul Auster]] refers to Llull (as Raymond Lull) in his memoir ''[[The Invention of Solitude]]'' in the second part, ''The Book of Memory''. Llull is also a major character in ''[[The Box of Delights]]'', a children's novel by poet [[John Masefield]]. ====Other recognition==== Llull's ''Art'' is sometimes recognized as a precursor to [[computer science]] and computation theory.<ref>Sales, Ton (2011). “Llull as Computer Scientist, or Why Llull Was One of Us.” In Ramon Llull. From the Ars Magna to Artificial Intelligence, edited by Alexander Fido and Carles Sierra. Barcelona: Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, 25–38.</ref> With the discovery in 2001 of his lost manuscripts, ''Ars notandi'', ''Ars eleccionis'', and ''Alia ars eleccionis'', together known as ''Ars Magna'' (what today would be called a logical system to discover some sort of truth),<ref>{{Citation|last=Priani|first=Ernesto|title=Ramon Llull|date=2021|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2021/entries/llull/|encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|edition=Spring 2021|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|access-date=2023-10-05}}</ref> Llull is also given credit for creating an [[electoral system]] now known as the [[Borda count]] and [[Condorcet criterion]], which [[Jean-Charles de Borda]] and [[Marquis de Condorcet|Nicolas de Condorcet]] independently proposed centuries later.<ref name=Hagele>{{cite journal |author1=G. Hägele |author2=F. Pukelsheim |name-list-style=amp | title=Llull's writings on electoral systems | journal=Studia Lulliana | year=2001 | volume=41 | pages=3–38 | url=http://www.math.uni-augsburg.de/stochastik/pukelsheim/2001a.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060207154726/http://www.math.uni-augsburg.de/stochastik/pukelsheim/2001a.html|archivedate=2006-02-07}}</ref>
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