Editing Red wolf (section)

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=

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<ref name=audubon1851>{{cite book |author1=Audubon, J. |author2=Bachman J. |year=1851 |title=The Vivaparous Quadrupeds of North America |volume=2 |place=New York, NY |publisher=V.G. Audubon |url=https://archive.org/stream/quadrupedsofnort02audu#page/240/mode/2up/search/rufus |page=240}}</ref>

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<ref name=bardeleben2005>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2005.07.019 |pmid=16213754 |title=A molecular phylogeny of the Canidae based on six nuclear loci |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=815–831 |year=2005 |last1=Bardeleben |first1=Carolyne |last2=Moore |first2=Rachael L. |last3=Wayne |first3=Robert K.|bibcode=2005MolPE..37..815B }}</ref>

<ref name=bartram1791>{{cite book |author=Bartram, W. |orig-year=1791 |year=1794 |title=Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the Extensive Territories of the Muscogulges or Creek Confederacy, and the Country of the Chactaws |quote=Containing an Account of the Soil and Natural Productions of Those Regions; Together with Observations on the Manners of the Indians. |publisher=James & Johnson |place=Philadelphia, PA / London, UK |page=197 |edition=2nd |url=https://archive.org/stream/travelsthroughno00bart#page/196/mode/2up/search/wolf}}</ref>

<ref name=beeland2013>{{cite book |last1=Beeland |first1=T. |title=The Secret World of Red Wolves: The fight to save North America's other wolf |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |year=2013 |chapter=Chapter&nbsp;8 - Tracing the Origins of Red Wolves |pages=105–123 |isbn=978-1-4696-0199-1 |chapter-url={{Google books|plainurl=yes |id=YyEUCAAAQBAJ|page=119}} }}</ref>

<ref name=boyko2009>{{cite journal |author=Boyko, A. |year=2009 |title=Complex population structure in African village dogs and its implications for inferring dog domestication history |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=106 |issue=33 |pages=13903–13908 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0902129106 |pmid=19666600 |pmc=2728993 |bibcode=2009PNAS..10613903B|doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name=brewster1995>{{cite book |author1=Brewster, W.G. |author2=Fritts, S.H. |year=1995 |contribution=Taxonomy and genetics of the gray wolves in western North America |title=Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in a Changing World |series=Proceedings of the Second North American Symposium on wolves |editor1=Carbyn, L.N. |editor2=Fritts, S.H. |editor3=Seip, D.R. |department=Canadian Circumpolar Institute |publisher=University of Alberta |place=Edmonton, AB |pages=353–373}}</ref>

<ref name=brzeski2016>{{cite journal |pmc=4885236 |doi=10.1093/jhered/esw002 |pmid=26774058 |title=Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Southeastern Pre-Columbian Canids |journal=Journal of Heredity |volume=107 |issue=3 |pages=287–293 |year=2016 |last1=Brzeski |first1=Kristin E. |last2=Debiasse |first2=Melissa B. |last3=Rabon |first3=David R. |last4=Chamberlain |first4=Michael J. |last5=Taylor |first5=Sabrina S. |url=http://redwolves.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/BRZESKI-2016-Pub.pdf}}</ref>

<ref name=catesby1771>{{cite book |author=Catesby, M. |year=1771 |title=The natural history of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands |volume=1 |page=xxvi |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126524#page/52/mode/1up |publisher=Royal Society |place=London, UK}}</ref>

<ref name=chambers2012>{{cite journal |last1=Chambers |first1=Steven M. |last2=Fain |first2=Steven R. |last3=Fazio |first3=Bud |last4=Amaral |first4=Michael |year=2012 |title=An account of the taxonomy of North American wolves from morphological and genetic analyses |journal=North American Fauna |volume=77 |pages=1–67 |doi=10.3996/nafa.77.0001|doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name=COL2018r>{{cite web |title=''Canis lupus rufus'' Audubon and Bachman, 1851 |editor1=Roskov Y. |editor2=Abucay L. |editor3=Orrell T. |editor4=Nicolson D. |editor5=Bailly N. |editor6=Kirk P.M. |editor7=Bourgoin T. |editor8=DeWalt R.E. |editor9=Decock W. |editor10=De Wever A. |editor11=Nieukerken E. van |editor12=Zarucchi J. |editor13=Penev, L. |display-editors=3 |date=May 2018 |website=[[Catalogue of Life]]: 2018 Annual Checklist |url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2018/search/all/key/canis+lupus+rufus/fossil/0/match/1 |access-date=8 June 2018}}</ref>

<ref name=cronin2014>{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/jhered/esu075|pmid=25429025 |title=Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Variation of Wolves (''Canis lupus'') in Southeast Alaska and Comparison with Wolves, Dogs, and Coyotes in North America |journal=Journal of Heredity |volume=106 |issue=1 |pages=26–36 |year=2014 |last1=Cronin |first1=M.A. |last2=Canovas |first2=A. |last3=Bannasch |first3=D.L. |last4=Oberbauer |first4=A.M. |last5=Medrano |first5=J.F.|doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name=dowling1992>{{cite journal |doi=10.1046/j.1523-1739.1992.06040600.x |title=Response to Wayne, Nowak, and Phillips and Henry: Use of Molecular Characters in Conservation Biology |journal=Conservation Biology |volume=6 |issue=4 |page=600 |year=1992 |last1=Dowling |first1=Thomas E. |last2=Minckley |first2=W.L. |last3=Douglas |first3=Michael E. |last4=Marsh |first4=Paul C. |last5=Demarais |first5=Bruce D.|bibcode=1992ConBi...6..600D |s2cid=67778025 }}</ref>

<ref name=dumbacher2014>{{cite report |author=Dumbacher, J. |title=Review of Proposed Rule Regarding Status of the Wolf Under the Endangered Species Act |publisher=NCEAS |date=January 2014 |url=http://www.fws.gov/home/wolfrecovery/pdf/Final_Review_of_Proposed_rule_regarding_wolves2014.pdf}}</ref>

<ref name=fears2018>{{cite news |last=Fears|first=Darryl |title=Federal judge blasts Fish and Wildlife Service, says endangered wolves cannot be shot |newspaper=Washington Post |location=Washington, DC |date=5 November 2018 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2018/11/05/federal-judge-blasts-fish-wildlife-service-says-endangered-wolves-cannot-be-shot/?noredirect=on |access-date=7 November 2018}}</ref>

<ref name=ferrell1980>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF00504358 |pmid=6930264 |title=Biochemical markers in a species endangered by introgression: The red wolf |journal=Biochemical Genetics |volume=18 |issue=1–2 |pages=39–49 |year=1980 |last1=Ferrell |first1=Robert E. |last2=Morizot |first2=Donald C. |last3=Horn |first3=Jacqueline |last4=Carley |first4=Curtis J.|s2cid=28916178 }}</ref>

<ref name=fredrickson2006>{{cite journal |author1=Fredrickson, R.J. |author2=Hedrick, P.W. |year=2006 |title=Dynamics of Hybridization and Introgression in Red Wolves and Coyotes |journal=Conservation Biology |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=1272–1283 |doi=10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00401.x |pmid=16922243 |bibcode=2006ConBi..20.1272F |s2cid=21151962 }}</ref>

<ref name=fws2016a>{{cite web |title=Science leads Fish and Wildlife Service to significant changes for red wolf recovery |website=Red Wolf Program Review |publisher=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |date=12 September 2016 |url=https://www.fws.gov/redwolf/evaluation.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512134006/https://www.fws.gov/redwolf/evaluation.html |archive-date=2017-05-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name=fws2016b>{{cite press release |url=https://www.fws.gov/news/ShowNews.cfm?ref=science-leads-fish-and-wildlife-service-to-significant-changes-for-red-&_ID=35794 |title=Science leads Fish and Wildlife Service to significant changes for red wolf recovery |first=Jeff |last=Fleming |website=Conserving the Nature of America |publisher=US Fish and Wildlife Service |date=12 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609002527/https://www.fws.gov/news/ShowNews.cfm?ref=science-leads-fish-and-wildlife-service-to-significant-changes-for-red-&_ID=35794 |archive-date=2017-06-09}}</ref>

<ref name=gittleman1991>{{cite journal |title=Crying Wolf in North America |author1=Gittleman, John L. |author2=Pimm, Stuart L. |journal=Nature |date=Jun 13, 1991 |volume=351 |issue=6327 |page=6327 |via=ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source pg. 524 |bibcode=1991Natur.351..524G |url=https://redwolves.com/newsite/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/3-Gittleman-and-Pimm-1991.pdf |doi=10.1038/351524a0 |s2cid=4287190}}</ref>

<ref name=goldman1937>{{cite journal |last1=Goldman |first1=E.A. |year=1937 |title=The wolves of North America |journal=Journal of Mammalogy |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=37–45 |doi=10.2307/1374306 |jstor=1374306}}</ref>

<ref name=goldman1944>{{cite book |last1=Young |first1=Stanley P. |last2=Goldman |first2=Edward A. |title=The Wolves of North America |publisher=Dover Publications |place=New York, NY |volume=2 |year=1944 |pages=413–477 |isbn=978-0-486-21193-0}}</ref>

<ref name=gopalakrishnan2017>{{cite journal |doi=10.1186/s12864-017-3883-3 |pmid=28662691 |pmc=5492679 |title=The wolf reference genome sequence (''Canis lupus lupus'') and its implications for ''Canis'' spp. Population genomics |journal=BMC Genomics |volume=18 |issue=1 |page=495 |year=2017 |last1=Gopalakrishnan |first1=Shyam |last2=Samaniego Castruita |first2=Jose A. |last3=Sinding |first3=Mikkel-Holger S. |last4=Kuderna |first4=Lukas F.K. |last5=Räikkönen |first5=Jannikke |last6=Petersen |first6=Bent |last7=Sicheritz-Ponten |first7=Thomas |last8=Larson |first8=Greger |last9=Orlando |first9=Ludovic |last10=Marques-Bonet |first10=Tomas |last11=Hansen |first11=Anders J. |last12=Dalén |first12=Love |last13=Gilbert |first13=M. Thomas P. |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name=gray2010>{{cite journal |doi=10.1186/1741-7007-8-16 |pmid=20181231|pmc=2837629 |title=The IGF1 small dog haplotype is derived from Middle Eastern grey wolves |journal=BMC Biology |volume=8 |pages=16 |year=2010 |last1=Gray |first1=Melissa M. |last2=Sutter |first2=Nathan B. |last3=Ostrander |first3=Elaine A. |last4=Wayne |first4=Robert K. |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name=heppenheimer2018>{{cite journal |doi=10.3390/genes9120618 |pmid=30544757 |pmc=6315914 |title=Rediscovery of Red Wolf Ghost Alleles in a Canid Population Along the American Gulf Coast |journal=Genes |volume=9 |issue=12 |pages=618 |year=2018 |last1=Heppenheimer |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Brzeski |first2=Kristin |last3=Wooten |first3=Ron |last4=Waddell |first4=William |last5=Rutledge |first5=Linda |last6=Chamberlain |first6=Michael |last7=Stahler |first7=Daniel |last8=Hinton |first8=Joseph |last9=vonHoldt |first9=Bridgett |doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name=Heppenheimer2020>{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/jhered/esaa006 |title=A Genome-Wide Perspective on the Persistence of Red Wolf Ancestry in Southeastern Canids |year=2020 |last1=Heppenheimer |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Brzeski |first2=Kristin E. |last3=Hinton |first3=Joseph W. |last4=Chamberlain |first4=Michael J. |last5=Robinson |first5=Jacqueline |last6=Wayne |first6=Robert K. |last7=vonHoldt |first7=Bridgett M. |journal=Journal of Heredity |volume=111 |issue=3 |pages=277–286 |pmid=32090268 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name=hohenlohe2017>{{cite journal |author1=Paul A. Hohenlohe |author2=Linda Y. Rutledge |author3=Lisette P. Waits |author4=Kimberly R. Andrews |author5=Jennifer R. Adams |author6=Joseph W. Hinton |author7=Ronald M. Nowak |author8=Brent R. Patterson |author9=Adrian P. Wydeven |author10=Paul A. Wilson |author11=Brad N. White |title=Comment on "Whole-genome sequence analysis shows two endemic species of North American wolf are admixtures of the coyote and gray wolf" |journal=Science Advances |volume=3 |issue=6 |year=2017 |pages=e1602250 |pmid=28630899 |pmc=5462499 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.1602250 |bibcode=2017SciA....3E2250H}}</ref>

<ref name=koblmuller2009>{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04176.x|pmid=19366404|title=Origin and status of the Great Lakes wolf |journal=Molecular Ecology |volume=18 |issue=11 |pages=2313–2326 |year=2009 |last1=Koblmüller |first1=Stephan |last2=Nord |first2=Maria |last3=Wayne |first3=Robert K. |last4=Leonard |first4=Jennifer A. |bibcode=2009MolEc..18.2313K |hdl=10261/58581 |hdl-access=free |s2cid=1090307 |url=https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/58581/1/molecular.pdf}}</ref>

<ref name=lawrence1967>{{cite journal |author1=Lawrence, B. |author2=Bossert, W. |date=May 1967 |title=Multiple Character Analysis of ''Canis lupus'', ''latrans'', and ''familiaris'', with a Discussion of the Relationships of ''Canis niger'' |journal=American Zoologist |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=223–232 |publisher=Oxford University Press|jstor=3881428 |doi=10.1093/icb/7.2.223 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
 
<ref name=lawrence1975>{{cite book |author1=Lawrence, B. |author2=Bossert, W. |year=1975 |article=Relationships of North American ''Canis'' shown by a multiple character analysis of selected populations |pages=73–86 |editor=Fox, M.W. |title=The Wild Canids: Their systematic, behavioral ecology, and evolution |publisher=Van Nostrand Reinhold |place=New York, NY}}</ref>

<ref name=Loog2018>{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/mec.15329 |pmid=31840921 |title=Ancient DNA suggests modern wolves trace their origin to a late Pleistocene expansion from Beringia |journal=Molecular Ecology |year=2019 |last1=Loog |first1=Liisa |last2=Thalmann |first2=Olaf |last3=Sinding |first3=Mikkel-Holger S. |last4=Schuenemann |first4=Verena J. |last5=Perri |first5=Angela |last6=Germonpré |first6=Mietje |last7=Bocherens |first7=Herve |last8=Witt |first8=Kelsey E. |last9=Samaniego Castruita |first9=Jose A. |last10=Velasco |first10=Marcela S. |last11=Lundstrøm |first11=Inge K.C. |last12=Wales |first12=Nathan |last13=Sonet |first13=Gontran |last14=Frantz |first14=Laurent |last15=Schroeder |first15=Hannes |last16=Budd |first16=Jane |last17=Jimenez |first17=Elodie-Laure |last18=Fedorov |first18=Sergey |last19=Gasparyan |first19=Boris |last20=Kandel |first20=Andrew W. |last21=Lázničková-Galetová |first21=Martina |last22=Napierala |first22=Hannes |last23=Uerpmann |first23=Hans-Peter |last24=Nikolskiy |first24=Pavel A. |last25=Pavlova |first25=Elena Y. |last26=Pitulko |first26=Vladimir V. |last27=Herzig |first27=Karl-Heinz |last28=Malhi |first28=Ripan S. |last29=Willerslev |first29=Eske |last30=Hansen |first30=Anders J. |last31=Dobney |first31=Keith |last32=Gilbert |first32=Thomas P. |last33=Krause |first33=Johannes |last34=Larson |first34=Greger |last35=Eriksson |first35=Anders |last36=Manica |first36=Andrea |volume=29 |issue=9 |pages=1596–1610 |pmc=7317801 |display-authors=6 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2020MolEc..29.1596L }}</ref>

<ref name=mccarley1962>{{cite journal |author=McCarley, H. |year=1962 |url=https://redwolves.com/newsite/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/7-McCarley-1962.pdf |title=The Taxonomic Status of Wild ''Canis'' (Canidae) in the South Central United States |journal=The Southwestern Naturalist |volume=7 |issue=3/4 |pages=227–235|doi=10.2307/3668845 |jstor=3668845 |bibcode=1962SWNat...7..227M }}</ref>

<ref name=MDD>{{cite web|title=Mammal Diversity Database|publisher=American Society of Mammalogists |url=https://www.mammaldiversity.org/explore.html#species-id=1005945|access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref>

<ref name=mech1970>{{cite book |author=Mech, L. |year=1970 |title=The Wolf: The ecology and behavior of an endangered species |publisher=Natural History Press |place=Garden City, NY |pages=22–25, 285, 331}}</ref>

<ref name=nowak1979>{{cite book |doi=10.5962/bhl.title.4072 |last1=Nowak |first1=Ronald M. |title=North American Quaternary ''Canis'' |series=Monograph of the Museum of Natural History |publisher=University of Kansas |volume=6 |year=1979 |page=39 |isbn=978-0-89338-007-6 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/22683#page/51/mode/1up |access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref>

<ref name=nowak1992>{{cite journal |doi=10.1046/j.1523-1739.1992.06040593.x |title=The Red Wolf is not a hybrid |journal=Conservation Biology |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=593–595 |year=1992 |last=Nowak |first=Ronald M.|bibcode=1992ConBi...6..593N |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1236494 }}</ref>

<ref name=nowak1995>{{cite conference |author1=Nowak, R.M. |author2=Phillips, M.K. |author3=Henry, V.G. |author4=Hunter, W.C. |author5=Smith, R. |year=1995 |article=Another look at wolf taxonomy |title=Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in a Changing World |pages=375–397 |editor1=Carbyn, L.N. |editor2=Fritts, S.H. |editor3=Seip, D.R. |conference=Second North American Symposium on Wolves |department=Canadian Circumpolar Institute |publisher=University of Alberta |place=Edmonton, Alberta}}</ref>

<ref name=nowak1995a>{{cite conference |author1=Nowak, R.M. |author2=Phillips, M.K. |author3=Henry, V.G. |author4=Hunter, W.C. |author5=Smith, R. |year=1995 |article=The origin and fate of the red wolf |title=Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in a Changing World |conference=Second North American Symposium on Wolves |pages=409–415 |editor1=Carbyn, L.N. |editor2=Fritts, S.H. |editor3=Seip, D.R. |department=Canadian Circumpolar Institute |publisher=University of Alberta |place=Edmonton, AB}}</ref>

<ref name=nowak1998>{{cite journal |author1=Nowak, R.M. |author2=Federoff, N.E. |year=1998 |title=Validity of the red wolf: response to Roy ''et al''. |journal=Conserv. Biol. |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=722–725|doi=10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.97287.x |doi-broken-date=7 December 2024 }}</ref>

<ref name=nowak2002>{{cite journal |doi=10.1656/1528-7092(2002)001[0095:TOSOWI]2.0.CO;2 |year=2002 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=95–130 |title=The Original Status of Wolves in Eastern North America |journal=Southeastern Naturalist |last1=Nowak |first1=Ronald M. |s2cid=43938625 }}</ref>

<ref name=nowak2003>{{Cite book |editor1-last=Mech |editor1-first=L. David |editor2-last=Boitani |editor2-first=Luigi |title=Wolves: Behaviour, ecology, and conservation |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-226-51696-7 |chapter=Chapter 9 - Wolf evolution and taxonomy |author=Nowak, R.M. |pages=239–258}}</ref>

<ref name=pang2009>{{cite journal |author=Pang, J. |year=2009 |title=mtDNA data indicate a single origin for dogs south of Yangtze River, less than 16,300 years ago, from numerous wolves |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=26 |issue=12 |pages=2849–64 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msp195 |pmid=19723671 |pmc=2775109}}</ref>

<ref name=paradiso1968>{{cite journal |last1=Paradiso |first1=J. |year=1968 |title=Canids recently collected in east Texas, with comments on the taxonomy of the red wolf |journal=Am. Midl. Nat. |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=529–534 |doi=10.2307/2423543 |jstor=2423543}}</ref>

<ref name=paradiso1971>{{cite report |author1=Paradiso, J.L. |author2=Nowak, R.M. |year=1971 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015077581174;view=1up;seq=1 |title=A Report on the Taxonomic Status and Distribution of the Red Wolf |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |series=Special Scientific Report – Wildlife  |volume=145 |place=Washington, D.C.}}</ref>

<ref name=phillips2003>{{cite book |last1=Phillips |first1=M. |last2=Henry |first2=V. |last3=Kelly |first3=B. |title=Wolves, Behavior, Ecology and Conservation |publisher=University of Chicago Press |editor1-last=Mech |editor1-first=L.D. |editor2-last=Boitani |editor2-first=L. |year=2003 |chapter=Chapter&nbsp;11 - Restoration of the Red Wolf |pages=272–274 |chapter-url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=_mXHuSSbiGgC|page=272}} |isbn=978-0-226-51697-4}}</ref>

<ref name=reich1999>{{cite journal |doi=10.1046/j.1365-294X.1999.00514.x |pmid=9919703 |title=Genetic evidence for a recent origin by hybridization of red wolves |journal=Molecular Ecology |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=139–144 |year=1999 |last1=Reich |first1=D.E. |last2=Wayne |first2=R.K. |last3=Goldstein |first3=D.B.|bibcode=1999MolEc...8..139R |s2cid=44658763 }}</ref>

<ref name=roy1994>{{cite journal |vauthors=Roy MS, Geffen E, Smith D, Ostrander EA, Wayne RK |year=1994 |title=Pattern of differentiation and hybridization in North American wolflike canids, revealed by analysis of microsatellite loci. |journal=Mol. Biol. Evol. |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=553–570 |pmid=8078397 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040137 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name=roy1996>{{cite journal |vauthors=Roy MS, Geffen E, Smith D, Wayne RK |year=1996 |title=Molecular genetics of pre-1940 red wolves |journal=Conserv. Biol. |volume=10 |issue=5 |pages=1413–1424|doi=10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10051413.x |bibcode=1996ConBi..10.1413R }}</ref>

<ref name=rutledge2015>{{cite journal |title=RAD sequencing and genomic simulations resolve hybrid origins within North American ''Canis'' |vauthors=Rutledge LY, Devillard S, Boone JQ, Hohenlohe PA, White BN |journal=Biology Letters |date=July 2015 |volume=11 |issue=7 |pages=20150303 |doi=10.1098/rsbl.2015.0303 |pmid=26156129 |pmc=4528444}}</ref>

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}}