Editing Reinforcement (section)

=== Child behavior – parent management training ===

{{Main|Parent management training}}
Providing positive reinforcement for appropriate child behaviors is a major focus of parent management training. Typically, parents learn to reward appropriate behavior through social rewards (such as praise, smiles, and hugs) as well as concrete rewards (such as stickers or points towards a larger reward as part of an incentive system created collaboratively with the child).<ref name=Kazdin2010>Kazdin AE (2010). Problem-solving skills training and parent management training for oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=QLzBv53CU2UC&q=Reinforcement Evidence-based psychotherapies for children and adolescents (2nd ed.)],'' 211–226. New York: Guilford Press.</ref> In addition, parents learn to select simple behaviors as an initial focus and reward each of the small steps that their child achieves towards reaching a larger goal (this concept is called "successive approximations").<ref name=Kazdin2010/><ref name=PMTO>Forgatch MS, Patterson GR (2010). Parent management training — Oregon model: An intervention for antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=QLzBv53CU2UC&q=Reinforcement Evidence-based psychotherapies for children and adolescents (2nd ed.)],'' 159–78. New York: Guilford Press.</ref> They may also use indirect rewards such through [[progress chart]]s. Providing positive reinforcement in the classroom can be beneficial to student success. When applying positive reinforcement to students, it's crucial to make it individualized to that student's needs. This way, the student understands why they are receiving the praise, they can accept it, and eventually learn to continue the action that was earned by positive reinforcement. For example, using rewards or extra recess time might apply to some students more, whereas others might accept the enforcement by receiving stickers or check marks indicating praise.