Editing Restoration Movement (section)

===Separation of the International Churches of Christ===
The [[International Churches of Christ]] (ICOC) had their roots in a "discipling" movement that arose among the mainline Churches of Christ during the 1970s.<ref name="Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: ICOC">Douglas Allen Foster and Anthony L. Dunnavant, ''The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), Christian Churches/Churches of Christ, Churches of Christ'', Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2004, {{ISBN|0-8028-3898-7}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8028-3898-8}}, 854 pages, entry on ''International Churches of Christ''</ref>{{rp|418}} This discipling movement developed in the campus ministry of Chuck Lucas.<ref name= "Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: ICOC" />{{rp |418}} In 1967, Chuck Lucas was minister of the 14th Street Church of Christ in [[Gainesville, Florida]] (later renamed the Crossroads Church of Christ). That year he started a new project known as Campus Advance (based on principles borrowed from the [[Cru (Christian organization)|Campus Crusade]] and the [[Shepherding movement]]). Centered on the [[University of Florida]], the program called for a strong evangelistic outreach and an intimate religious atmosphere in the form of ''soul talks'' and ''prayer partners. Soul talks'' were held in student residences and involved prayer and sharing overseen by a leader who delegated authority over group members. ''Prayer partners ''refers to the practice of pairing a new Christian with an older guide for personal assistance and direction. Both procedures led to "in-depth involvement of each member in one another's lives," and critics accused Lucas of fostering cultism.<ref name="alt religions">{{Cite book | last = Paden | first = Russell | editor-first = Timothy | editor-last = Miller | title = America's Alternative Religions | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=og_u0Re1uwUC&q=%22international+churches+of+christ%22%7C%22boston+church+of+christ%22 | access-date = 2007-08-07 |date=July 1995 | publisher = State University of New York Press | location = Albany | isbn = 978-0-7914-2397-4 | pages = 133–36 | chapter = The Boston Church of Christ | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=og_u0Re1uwUC&q=%22international+churches+of+christ%22%7C%22boston+church+of+christ%22&pg=PA133}}</ref>

The Crossroads movement later spread into some other Churches of Christ congregations. One of Lucas' converts, [[Kip McKean]], moved to the Boston area in 1979 and began working with the Lexington Church of Christ.<ref name="Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: ICOC" />{{rp|418}} He asked the congregation to "redefine their commitment to Christ," and introduced the use of discipling partners. The congregation grew rapidly and was renamed Boston Church of Christ.<ref name="Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: ICOC" />{{rp|418}} In the early 1980s, the focus of the movement moved to Boston where McKean and the Boston Church of Christ became prominently associated with the trend. With the national leadership located in Boston, during the 1980s it commonly became known as the "Boston movement."<ref name="Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: ICOC" />{{rp|418}}

In 1990 the Crossroads Church of Christ broke with the Boston movement and, through a letter written to ''[[The Christian Chronicle]]'', attempted to restore relations with the mainline Churches of Christ.<ref name="Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: ICOC" />{{rp|419}} By the early 1990s some first-generation leaders had become disillusioned by the movement and left.<ref name="Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: ICOC" />{{rp|419}} The movement was first recognized as an independent religious group in 1992 when John Vaughn, a church growth specialist at [[Fuller Theological Seminary]], listed them as a separate entity.<ref name="ReferenceA">Stanback, C. Foster. Into All Nations: A History of the International Churches of Christ. IPI, 2005</ref> [[Time (magazine)|''Time'']] magazine ran a full-page story on the movement in 1992 calling them "one of the world's fastest-growing and most innovative bands of Bible thumpers" that had grown into "a global empire of 103 congregations from California to Cairo with total Sunday attendance of 50,000".<ref>Ostling, Richard N. "Keepers of the Flock." Time Magazine, May 18, 1992.</ref>

A formal break was made from the mainline Churches of Christ in 1993 when the movement organized under the name "International Churches of Christ."<ref name="Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: ICOC" />{{rp|418}} This designation formalized a division that was already in existence between those involved with the Crossroads/Boston movement and "mainline" Churches of Christ.<ref name="Garrett 2002" /><ref name="Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: ICOC" />{{rp|418}} Other names that have been used for this movement include the "Multiplying Ministries" and the "Discipling Movement".<ref name="alt religions" />