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Running
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===Types=== ;Track {{Main|Track running}} [[File:Grayson running the 4x100.jpg|thumb|267x267px|A man running with a baton during a relay race.]] Track running events are [[individual sport|individual]] or [[relay race|relay]] events with athletes racing over specified distances on an oval running track. The events are categorized as [[sprint (running)|sprints]], [[middle-distance running|middle]] and [[Long-distance track event|long-distance]], and [[hurdling]]. ;Road {{Main|Road running}} Road running takes place on a measured course over an established road (as opposed to [[track running|track]] and [[cross country running]]). These events normally range from distances of 5 kilometers to longer distances such as [[half marathon]]s and [[marathons]], and they may involve scores of runners or wheelchair entrants. ;Cross-country {{Main|Cross country running|Fell running|Trail running}} Cross country running takes place over the open or rough terrain. The courses used for these events may include [[Poaceae|grass]], [[mud]], woodlands, hills, flat ground and water. It is a popular participatory sport and is one of the events which, along with track and field, road running, and [[racewalking]], makes up the umbrella sport of athletics. ;Vertical {{Main|Fell running|Mountain running|Skyrunning|Trail running|Tower running}} The majority of popular races do not incorporate a significant change in elevation as a key component of a course. There are several, disparate variations that feature significant inclines or declines. These fall into two main groups. The naturalistic group is based on outdoor racing over geographical features. Among these are the cross country-related sports of [[fell running]] (a tradition associated with Northern Europe) and [[trail running]] (mainly [[ultramarathon]] distances), the running/climbing combination of [[skyrunning]] (organised by the [[International Skyrunning Federation]] with races across North America, Europe and East Asia) and the mainly trail- and road-centred [[mountain running]] (governed by the [[World Mountain Running Association]] and based mainly in Europe). The second variety of vertical running is based on human structures, such as stairs and man-made slopes. The foremost type of this is [[tower running]], which sees athletes compete indoors, running up steps within very tall structures such as the [[Eiffel Tower]] or [[Empire State Building]].
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