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==== Order of Nine Angles ==== {{Main|Order of Nine Angles|Timeline of crimes involving the Order of Nine Angles}} [[File:Flag of the Order of Nine Angles.svg|thumb|Flag of the O9A]] During the 1990s, the idea that groups like Church of Satan and Temple of Set were "too benevolent and law-abiding" to be true Satanists grew, particularly among musicians and fans in extreme heavy metal music, where being more extreme meant being more authentic.<ref name=JPLS2023:sect.5-Amoral-O9A>[[#JPLS2023|Laycock, ''Satanism'', 1981]]: 5 The Temple of Set and Esoteric Satanism.Amoral Groups and the Order of Nine Angles</ref> These antinomian and amoral Satanic (or post-Satanic) groups are sometimes called the "sinister tradition" of Satanism.<ref name=JPLS2023:sect.5-Amoral-O9A/> The Order of Nine Angles has been called "the ur-type that defines the sinister tradition"<ref name=JPLS2023:sect.5-Amoral-O9A/> and is connected to multiple killings, rapes, and cases of child abuse and [[right-wing terrorism]].<ref name=NS-4-3-2020/> According to the group's own claims, the Order of Nine Angles (O9A or ONA) was established in [[Shropshire]], England, during the late 1960s, when a Grand Mistress united a number of ancient pagan groups active in the area.{{sfnm|1a1=Goodrick-Clarke|1y=2003|1p=218 |2a1=Senholt|2y=2013|2p=256}} This account states that when the Order's Grand Mistress migrated to Australia, a man known as "Anton Long" took over as the new Grand Master.{{sfnm|1a1=Goodrick-Clarke|1y=2003|1p=218|2a1=Senholt|2y=2013|2p=256}} From 1976 onward, he authored an array of texts for the tradition, codifying and extending its teachings, mythos, and structure.{{sfnm|1a1=Goodrick-Clarke|1y=2003|1p=218 |2a1=Senholt|2y=2013|2p=256 |3a1=Monette|3y=2013|3p=87}} Various academics have argued that Long is the pseudonym of [[British National Socialist Movement]] activist [[David Myatt]],{{sfnm|1a1=Goodrick-Clarke|1y=2003|1p=216 |2a1=Senholt|2y=2013|2p=268 |3a1=Faxneld|3y=2013|3p=207}} (Myatt denies it but Religion scholar Jacob Senholt "copies of ONA documents from 1978 with Myattβs name on them" have been found and "early ONA texts were published" by a press that "Myatt owned").<ref>Senholt, "The Sinister Tradition," pp. 47β8</ref>{{sfnm|1a1=Ryan|1y=2003|1p=53 |2a1=Senholt|2y=2013|2p=267}} The O9A arose to public attention in the early 1980s,{{sfn|Gardell|2003|p=293}} spreading its message through magazine articles over the following two decades.{{sfn|Senholt|2013|p=256}} In 2000, it established a presence on the internet,{{sfn|Senholt|2013|p=256}} later adopting social media to promote its message.{{sfn|Monette|2013|p=107}} O9A consists largely of secretive,{{sfn|Kaplan|2000|p=236}} autonomous [[covert cell|cells]] known as "nexions",{{sfn|Monette|2013|p=88}} operating as a network of allied Satanic practitioners, which it terms the "kollective".{{sfn|Monette|2013|p=88}} The majority of these are located in Britain, Ireland, and Germany, although others are located elsewhere in Europe, and in Russia, Egypt, South Africa, Brazil, Australia, and the United States. In recent decades up to 2023, O9A has caught the attention of "white supremacist groups and troubled young men" through its material online, and as of 2013 2,000 people "may be associated with the ONA in one form or another", according to one estimate.<ref name=ftnt>Monette, Mysticism in the 21st Century, p. 89.</ref><ref name=JPLS2023:sect.5-Amoral-O9A/> The O9A describe their occultism as "Traditional Satanism".{{sfnm|1a1=Faxneld|1y=2013|1p=207 |2a1=Faxneld|2y=2014|2p=88 |3a1=Senholt|3y=2013|3p=250 |4a1=Sieg|4y=2013|4p=252}} The O9A's writings not only encourage human sacrifice,{{sfnm|1a1=Goodrick-Clarke|1y=2003|1pp=218β219 |2a1=Baddeley|2y=2010|2p=155}} but insist it is required in Satanism,<ref name=JPLS2023:sect.5-Amoral-O9A/> referring to their victims as ''opfers''.{{sfn|Goodrick-Clarke|2003|p=219}} According to the Order's teachings, such opfers must demonstrate character faults that mark them out as being worthy of death.{{sfnm|1a1=Kaplan|1y=2000|1p=237 |2a1=Ryan|2y=2003|2p=54}}{{sfnm|1a1=Harvey|1y=1995|1p=292 |2a1=Kaplan|2y=2000|2p=237}} No O9A cell has admitted to carrying out a sacrifice in a ritualized manner, but rather, Order members have joined the police and military to carry out such killings.{{sfn|Monette|2013|p=114}} Faxneld described the Order as "a dangerous and extreme form of Satanism",{{sfn|Faxneld|2013|p=207}} while religious studies scholar [[Graham Harvey (religious studies scholar)|Graham Harvey]] wrote that the O9A fit the stereotype of the Satanist "better than other groups" by embracing "deeply shocking" and illegal acts.{{sfn|Harvey|1995|p=292}} Several British politicians, including the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]]'s [[Yvette Cooper]], chair of the [[Home Affairs Select Committee]],<ref name=NS-4-3-2020>{{cite news |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2020/03/nazi-satanist-cult-fuelling-far-right-terrorist-groups-overlooked-uk-authorities-order-nine-angles |title=A Nazi-satanist cult is fuelling far-right groups |magazine=New Statesman |date=4 March 2020 |access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref> have pushed for the group to be banned as a terror organization, and according to the [[BBC News]], "the authorities are concerned by the number of paedophiles associated with the ONA." Additionally, there are various followers of the O9A paradigm who are (or were) also members of banned militant national-socialist groups, namely the [[Atomwaffen Division]], [[Combat 18]], and [[Nordic Resistance Movement]], the first of which even openly aims to perpetrate terror attacks.<ref name=terrorism> * {{cite web | date=9 March 2020 | url=https://www.hopenothate.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/state-of-hate-2020-final.pdf | title=State of Hate 2020 | quote=Over the last 12 months four nazis convicted of terrorist offences have been linked to O9A, and there are two more cases pending. | publisher=[[Hope not Hate]]}} * {{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-53141759 | title=Order of Nine Angles: What is this obscure Nazi Satanist group? | work=[[BBC News]] | quote=The Sonnenkrieg Division, with its glorification of sexual violence, highlights another disturbing theme relating to the ONA β sexual offending as a way of undermining social norms....The authorities are concerned by the number of paedophiles associated with the ONA, taking the group into a different area of law enforcement activity. | date=29 June 2020}} * {{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-beds-bucks-herts-49773773 | title=High Wycombe neo-Nazi Jacek Tchorzewski jailed for terror offences | work=[[BBC News]] | date=20 September 2019 | quote=The satanist text demonstrated a "marked fixation with blood, the sexualisation of violence, a paedophilic projection of adult sexuality onto children, and with achieving National Socialist political goals through political violence and acts of terrorism".}} * {{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-51682760 | title=UK Nazi Satanist group should be outlawed, campaigners urge | work=[[BBC News]] | date=16 July 2020 | quote=ONA's Nazi-Satanist ideology, a supernatural worldview that encourages the disruption of society through violence, criminality and sexual offending.}} </ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.counterextremism.com/supremacy/order-nine-angles | title=Order of Nine Angles | quote=One piece of propaganda the group produced is called The Rape Anthology, a collection of ONA writings praising Hitler, Satan, and rape, while employing Islamic terminology and demonizing Jews and minorities. Some of the essays suggest that rape is necessary for the ascension of the Ubermensch. | publisher=[[Counter Extremism Project]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/random-murder-of-muslim-man-linked-to-neo-nazi-death-cult-report/ | title='Random' Murder of Muslim Man Linked to 'Neo-Nazi Death Cult': Report | date=30 September 2020}}</ref>
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