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Teleological argument
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==={{anchor|The intelligence may not be God}}Intelligence may not be God=== Referring to it as the [[Natural theology|physico-theological]] proof, [[Immanuel Kant]] discussed the teleological argument in his ''[[Critique of Pure Reason]]''. Even though he referred to it as "the oldest, clearest and most appropriate to human reason", he nevertheless rejected it, heading section VI with the words, "On the impossibility of a physico-theological proof."<ref>Buroker, J. V. ''Kant's 'Critique of Pure Reason': An Introduction'', Cambridge University Press. p. 279.[https://books.google.com/books?id=2DaHzDGjR48C&q=%22argument+from+design%22+&pg=PA278]</ref><ref>Kant, Immanuel. [1781] 1998. ''[[Critique of Pure Reason]]''. in Guyer, P. and A. W. Wood, trans. [[Cambridge University Press]]. p. 578.</ref> In accepting some of Hume's criticisms, Kant wrote that the argument "proves at most intelligence only in the arrangement of the 'matter' of the universe, and hence the existence not of a 'Supreme Being', but of an 'Architect{{'"}}. Using the argument to try to prove the existence of God required "a concealed appeal to the [[Ontological argument]]".<ref>Rabitte, E. 1995. ''David Hume: Critical Assessments'' 5, edited by S. Tweyman. [[Taylor & Francis]]. p. 192.</ref>[[File:D'après Nicolas de Largillière, portrait de Voltaire (Institut et Musée Voltaire) -001.jpg|thumb|[[Voltaire]] argued that, at best, the teleological argument could only indicate the existence of a powerful, but not necessarily all-powerful or all-knowing, intelligence.]] In his ''Traité de métaphysique'' [[Voltaire]] argued that, even if the argument from design could prove the existence of a powerful intelligent designer, it would not prove that this designer is God.<ref name="Voltaire">{{Cite book |last=Voltaire |title=The Works of Voltaire: The Henriade: Letters and miscellanies |publisher=Werner |others=trans. William F. Fleming |year=1901 |volume=XXI |pages=239–240 |chapter=On the Existence of God |author-link=Voltaire |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RCctAAAAYAAJ |orig-year=1734}}</ref> {{Blockquote|text= {{omission}} from this sole argument I cannot conclude anything further than that it is probable that an intelligent and superior being has skillfully prepared and fashioned the matter. I cannot conclude from that alone that this being has made matter out of nothing and that he is infinite in every sense.|author=Voltaire|source={{lang|fr|Traité de métaphysique}}<ref name="Voltaire" />}}
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