Editing Tetralogy of Fallot (section)

== Related disorders ==
The following illnesses have symptoms that are comparable to tetralogy of Fallot. For a differential diagnosis, comparisons between these disorders provides valuable knowledge.

=== Atrial septal defects ===
Atrial septal defects (ASDs) are a kind of congenital heart abnormality in which a tiny opening exists between the two atria of the heart.<ref name="Thorne_2011">{{Cite journal|date=October 2011| veditors = Thorne S, Clift P |title=Atrial septal defects (ASDs) |journal=Oxford Medicine Online| pages = 93–104 |doi=10.1093/med/9780199228188.003.0013|isbn=978-0-19-172592-0}}</ref><ref name="NORD" /> The burden on the right side of the heart is increased as a result of these abnormalities, as is the blood flow to the lungs.<ref name="Thorne_2011" /><ref name="NORD" /> This leads to excessive blood flow to the lungs and an increased workload on the right side of the heart.<ref name="Thorne_2011" /><ref name="NORD" /> Another common finding associated with ASDs is right ventricular hypertrophy, also known as enlargement of the right ventricle.<ref name="NORD" />

=== Ventricular septal defects ===
Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are a kind of congenital heart abnormality in which one of the ventricles is missing.<ref name="Dakkak_2021">{{cite book |vauthors=Dakkak W, Oliver TI |chapter=Ventricular Septal Defect |date=2021 |chapter-url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470330/ |title=StatPearls |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=29261884 |access-date=2021-12-01 |archive-date=2021-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028132450/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470330/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NORD" /> Two atria and one big ventricle are common in infants with congenital abnormalities.<ref name="Dakkak_2021" /><ref name="NORD" /> Symptoms of these diseases include an unusually high rate of breathing (tachypnea), a blue hue to the skin (cyanosis), wheezing, a rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), and/or an abnormally enlarged liver, which are similar to those of other congenital heart problems (hepatomegaly).<ref name="Dakkak_2021" /><ref name="NORD" /> VSDs can also lead to a build-up of fluid around the heart, which can lead to congestive heart failure.<ref name="Dakkak_2021" /><ref name="NORD" />

=== Atrioventricular septal defect ===
Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) is an uncommon congenital heart condition characterized by faulty development of the heart's septa and valves.<ref name="Ahmed_2021">{{cite book | vauthors = Ahmed I, Anjum F | chapter = Atrioventricular Septal Defect|date=2021| chapter-url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562194/| title = StatPearls|place=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=32965865|access-date=2021-12-01 }}</ref><ref name="NORD" /> Congestive heart failure is common in infants with the entire version of the condition.<ref name="Ahmed_2021" /><ref name="NORD" /> Fluid builds up in other parts of the body, particularly the lungs.<ref name="Ahmed_2021" /><ref name="NORD" /> Breathing difficulties may result from pulmonary congestion (dyspnea).<ref name="Ahmed_2021" /><ref name="NORD" />

=== Mitral valve stenosis ===
Mitral valve stenosis is an uncommon cardiac abnormality that can occur at birth (congenital) or develop later in life (acquired).<ref name="Shah_2021">{{cite book|vauthors=Shah SN, Sharma S|chapter=Mitral Stenosis|date=2021|chapter-url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430742/|title=StatPearls|place=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=28613493|access-date=2021-12-01|archive-date=2021-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225051404/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430742/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NORD" /> The aberrant narrowing of the mitral valve's opening characterizes this condition.<ref name="Shah_2021" /><ref name="NORD" /> There are two versions of this condition known as congenital and acquired characterized by different symptoms.<ref name="NORD" /> Congenital Mitral valve stenosis symptoms include a wide array such as respiratory infections, breathing difficulties, heart palpitations and coughing.<ref name="NORD" /> Acquired mitral valve stenosis symptoms also include a wide array such as consciousness losses, angina, general weakness and abdominal discomfort.<ref name="NORD" />