Editing Traditional animation (section)

===Rotoscoping===
[[Rotoscoping]] is a method of traditional animation invented by [[Max Fleischer]] in 1915, in which animation is "traced" over actual film footage of actors and scenery.{{sfn|Laybourne|1998|p=172}} Traditionally, the live-action will be printed out frame by frame and registered. Another piece of paper is then placed over the live-action printouts and the action is traced frame by frame using a lightbox. The end result still looks hand-drawn but the motion will be remarkably lifelike. The films ''[[Waking Life]]'' and ''[[American Pop]]'' are full-length rotoscoped films. Rotoscoped animation also appears in the music videos for [[A-ha]]'s song "[[Take On Me#Music video|Take On Me]]" and [[Kanye West]]'s "[[Heartless (Kanye West song)|Heartless]]". In most cases, rotoscoping is mainly used to aid the animation of realistically rendered human beings, as in ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]],'' ''[[Peter Pan (1953 film)|Peter Pan]],'' and ''[[Sleeping Beauty (1959 film)|Sleeping Beauty]]''.

A method related to conventional rotoscoping was later invented for the animation of solid inanimate objects, such as cars, boats, or doors. A small live-action model of the required object was built and painted white, while the edges of the model were painted with thin black lines. The object was then filmed as required for the animated scene by moving the model, the camera, or a combination of both, in real-time or using stop-motion animation. The film frames were then printed on paper, showing a model made up of the painted black lines. After the artists had added details to the object not present in the live-action photography of the model, it was xeroxed onto cels. A notable example is Cruella de Vil's car in Disney's ''One Hundred and One Dalmatians''. The process of transferring 3D objects to cels was greatly improved in the 1980s when computer graphics advanced enough to allow the creation of 3D computer-generated objects that could be manipulated in any way the animators wanted, and then printed as outlines on paper before being copied onto cels using Xerography or the APT process. This technique was used in Disney films such as ''[[Oliver and Company]]'' (1988) and ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' (1989). This process has more or less been superseded by the use of cel-shading.

Related to rotoscoping are the methods of [[vector graphics|vectorizing]] live-action footage, in order to achieve a very graphical look, like in [[Richard Linklater]]'s film ''[[A Scanner Darkly (film)|A Scanner Darkly]]''.