Editing Transit-oriented development (section)

===Asia and Oceania===

====Hong Kong====
[[File:Union Square Overview 201008.jpg|thumbnail|300px|[[Union Square (Hong Kong)|Union Square]], a transit-oriented development centred on [[Kowloon station (MTR)|Kowloon station]], Hong Kong]]
[[File:ShatinTownCentre 20070831.jpg|thumbnail|[[Sha Tin]] town centre, built around the [[Sha Tin station|Sha Tin railway station]]]]
Compared to other developed economies, the car ownership rate in Hong Kong is very low, and approximately 90% of all trips are made by public transport.<ref>{{cite web|title=Provision of Public Transport Services|url=http://www.td.gov.hk/en/publications_and_press_releases/publications/free_publications/the_third_comprehensive_transport_study/5_coordination_of_different_transport_modes/|website=The Third Comprehensive Transport Study|publisher=Transport Department}}</ref>

In the mid-20th century, no railway was built until an area was well developed. However, in recent decades, [[Hong Kong]] has started to have some TODs, where a railway is built simultaneously with residential development above or nearby, dubbed the "Rail plus Property" (R+P) Model.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/capital-projects-and-infrastructure/our-insights/the-rail-plus-property-model|title=The 'Rail plus Property' model: Hong Kong's successful self-financing formula|website=McKinsey & Company|language=en|access-date=2018-09-06}}</ref> Examples include:

* [[LOHAS Park]]
* [[Olympian City]]
* [[Tung Chung]]
* [[Union Square (Hong Kong)|Union Square]]
The Rail plus Property model, which captures the [[value capture]] of land surrounding new public transport, allows Hong Kong to be one of the world's few profitable public transit systems, generating a profit of $1.5 billion in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 'Rail plus Property' model: Hong Kong's successful self-financing formula {{!}} McKinsey |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/the-rail-plus-property-model |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=www.mckinsey.com}}</ref>

====Malaysia====
{{main|Bandar Malaysia}}
[[Bandar Malaysia]] is an upcoming development by [[1Malaysia Development Berhad|1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB)]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hiatus for Bandar Malaysia project|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2021/07/16/hiatus-for-bandar-malaysia-project|access-date=2021-12-10|website=The Star|date=July 16, 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

====Indonesia====
Transit oriented development (TOD) areas are urban areas designed to integrate transit functions with people, activities, buildings and public spaces that aim to optimize access to public transportation. In Jakarta, [[ MRT Jakarta|PT MRT Jakarta]] (Perseroda) will build TOD areas at five points along the south-north corridor of [[Jakarta MRT|MRT Jakarta]]. The five points are [[Blok M BCA MRT station|Blok M]], [[Lebak Bulus Grab MRT station|Lebak Bulus]] and [[Fatmawati Indomaret MRT station|Fatmawati]] in [[South Jakarta]], as well as [[Dukuh Atas TOD|Dukuh Atas]] and [[Istora Mandiri MRT station|Istora Senayan]] in [[Central Jakarta]]. Each area has its own theme and concept according to the characteristics and needs of the local community. The TOD area is expected to provide benefits to the community, such as reducing congestion and air pollution, increasing a healthy and active lifestyle, expanding employment and economic opportunities, and creating added value for property. 

One example of the [[Dukuh Atas TOD]] is the transport hub that is being built by PT Moda Integrasi Transportasi Jabodetabek (MITJ) on Jalan Blora, in front of Sudirman Station. Transport hubs are vehicle exchange points and transit points where there is community interaction using transit. This transport hub will be a 20-storey building containing the Jakarta MRT office and other facilities. This transport hub will also be connected to the 250-meter Multipurpose Crossing Bridge (JPM) which connects various modes of public transportation in the Dukuh Atas area. The transport hub is expected to be operational in 2023. 

Many TOD are now being constructed in [[Jabodetabek|Greater Jakarta]] metro area such as [[Citra Sentul Raya]] and [[Dukuh Atas TOD]]. TOD are also being constructed in cities like [[Surabaya]], [[Medan]], and [[Palembang]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/01/09/developers-see-2019-as-good-year-for-building-near-transit-stops.html|title=Developers see 2019 as good year for building near transit stops|newspaper=The Jakarta Post|access-date=8 August 2019}}</ref>

====Thailand====
There has been a proposal to develop Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) around [[MRT (Bangkok)|mass transit stations]] in Bangkok, as well as around high-speed rail stations in cities such as Ayutthaya, Khon Kaen, [[Makkasan station|Makkasan]], Pattaya, and Si Racha. In addition, there have been proposals for TOD around main regional railway stations. The TOD proposal aims to create walkable, mixed-use communities centered around transit stations, taking advantage of their convenient transportation access. This development is expected to bring a range of benefits, including increased economic activity, reduced traffic congestion, and improved quality of life for residents.<ref>{{Citation|title=A Study on Transit Oriented Development in Thailand Executive Summary Report Chon Buri (Pattaya) TOD Prototype|url=http://www.thailandtod.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/TOD-Pattaya.pdf|date=May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=A Study on Transit Oriented Development in Thailand Executive Summary Report Khon Kaen TOD Prototype|url=http://www.thailandtod.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/TOD-Khon-Kaen.pdf|date=May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=A Study on Transit Oriented Development in Thailand Executive Summary Report Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya TOD Prototype|url=http://www.thailandtod.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/TOD-Ayutthaya.pdf|date=May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Makkasan TOD Thailand - Aravia|date=February 8, 2021 |url=https://www.aravia.com.hk/si-racha-tod-thailand/}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Si Racha TOD Thailand - Aravia|date=February 8, 2021 |url=https://www.aravia.com.hk/makkasan-tod-thailand/}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=High Speed Rail Project Construction In Chonburi Linked To Three Major Airports Expected To Start This October|url=https://www.itc.travel/thailand-news/view?slug=High-speed-rail-project-construction-in-Chonburi-linked-to-three-major-airports-expected-to-start-this-October|date=June 8, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.thailandtod.com/|title=Thailand TOD}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=ร่างแผนแม่บท TOD ประเทศไทย
|url=http://www.thailandtod.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2.pdf|date=September 28, 2020|publisher=Thailandtod}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=ส่องแนวคิดพัฒนาเมืองด้วย 5 สถานีรถไฟฟ้าต้นแบบ TOD|url=https://condotiddoi.com/readarticle.php?articleid=4485|date=September 16, 2020}}</ref>

==== Australia ====

===== Melbourne, Victoria =====
[[File:Chatswood railway station and Metro Residences tower 1.jpg|thumb|[[Chatswood railway station|Chatswood Station]] in [[Sydney]]. Trains run through the integrated station, shopping and apartment complex]]
{{main|Melbourne 2030}}
[[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] is expected to reach a population of 5 million by 2030 with the overwhelming majority of its residents relying on private automobiles. Since the turn of the century, sporadic efforts have been made by various levels of government to implement transit-oriented development principles. However, a lack of commitment to funding public transport infrastructure, resulting to overcrowding and amending zoning laws has dramatically slowed progress toward [[Sustainability|sustainable development]] for the city.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Planning|date=2017-03-08|title=Melbourne 2030: Planning for sustainable growth|url=https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/policy-and-strategy/planning-for-melbourne/melbournes-strategic-planning-history/melbourne-2030-planning-for-sustainable-growth|access-date=2021-12-10|website=Planning|language=en}}</ref>

===== Milton, Queensland =====
[[Milton, Queensland|Milton]], an inner suburb of [[Brisbane]], has been identified as Queensland's first transit-oriented development under the Queensland Government's [[South East Queensland Regional Plan]]. [[Milton railway station, Brisbane|Milton railway station]] will undergo a multimillion-dollar revamp as part of the development of [[The Milton Residences]] to promote and encourage residents to embrace rail travel. This will include a new ticketing office, new public amenities, increased visibility across platforms and new and improved access points off Milton Road and Railway Terrace.<ref>[http://www.themilton.com.au/transit-oriented-development.html Transit Oriented Development, Sustainable City Living] The Milton. Retrieved on November 20, 2013.</ref>

===== Sydney, New South Wales =====
The [[New South Wales State Government]] has actively encouraged developments around stations on the [[Sydney Trains]] and [[Sydney Metro]] networks through its Priority Precincts plan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/more-density-around-rail-stations-and-new-schemes-for-renters-nsw-housing-plan-20170319-gv19u2.html|title=More density around rail stations and new schemes for renters: NSW housing plan|date=March 19, 2017|access-date=23 April 2025|archive-date=23 April 2025|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20250423124237/https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/more-density-around-rail-stations-and-new-schemes-for-renters-nsw-housing-plan-20170319-gv19u2.html|first=Jacob|last=Saulwick|work=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref> Several stations such as [[Chatswood railway station|Chatswood]], [[Burwood railway station, Sydney|Burwood]], [[Parramatta railway station|Parramatta]] and [[Rhodes railway station|Rhodes]] have had large scale apartment developments built within close proximity during the 2010s. New apartment and office tower developments along the future Sydney Metro stations are being planned as integrated developments with the stations themselves. Examples of this include [[Victoria Cross railway station|Victoria Cross station]] and [[Crows Nest railway station|Crows Nest station]] whilst existing stations such as [[Castle Hill railway station|Castle Hill]] and [[Epping railway station, Sydney|Epping]] have also had intensified development.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://infrastructuremagazine.com.au/2017/11/03/sydney-stations-chosen-for-mass-transit-oriented-developments/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217125750/https://infrastructuremagazine.com.au/sydney-stations-chosen-for-mass-transit-oriented-developments/|archive-date=17 December 2024|work=Infrastructure magazine|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2025|title=Sydney stations chosen for mass-transit-oriented developments|date=November 3, 2017}}</ref>

The [[Minns ministry|Minns government]] has been embarking on a mission of reform regarding housing stock by up-zoning areas near stations despite the opposition of some local councils.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/revealed-how-many-new-homes-are-planned-at-a-train-station-near-you-20240829-p5k6a0.html |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241008015952/https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/revealed-how-many-new-homes-are-planned-at-a-train-station-near-you-20240829-p5k6a0.html |url-status=live |archive-date=8 October 2024 |date=30 August 2024 |title=Revealed: How many new homes are planned at a train station near you |first=Michael |last=Koziol}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-07-09/nsw-sydney-rezoning-proposals-housing/104074358 |access-date=23 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423122355/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-07-09/nsw-sydney-rezoning-proposals-housing/104074358 |url-status=live |archive-date=23 April 2025 |date=9 July 2024 |first=Jesse |last=Hyland |at=Councils respond |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |title=NSW government reveals rezoning proposals for 'accelerated precincts' in Kellyville and Bella Vista, Hornsby and Macquarie Park}}</ref>

===== Newcastle, New South Wales =====
[[File:Honeysuckle station, Newcastle light rail, 27-Jan-19.jpg|thumb|Honeysuckle Station, part of the [[Newcastle Light Rail]], in front of new mixed-use urban developments]]
[[Honeysuckle, Newcastle|Honeysuckle]] is an [[urban renewal]] developed on 50 hectares of former industrial land in [[Newcastle, New South Wales|Newcastle]], NSW.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Honeysuckle, Newcastle |url=https://www.hccdc.nsw.gov.au/projects/honeysuckle |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=Hunter and Central Coast Development Corporation |language=en}}</ref>  This project, carried out by the [[Honeysuckle Development Corporation]], has at its core the emerge of mixed residential and commercial areas commutable to the [[Newcastle Light Rail]] and other alternative transport methods.<ref name=":1" />