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===Works cited=== {{refbegin|2|indent=yes}} * {{cite book | last=Ary | first=Elijah | title=Little Buddhas | chapter=The Westernization of Tulkus | publisher=Oxford University Press | date=2012-11-19 | pages=398–427 | isbn=978-0-19-994561-0 | doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199860265.003.0017}} * {{cite book | last1=Atay | first1=A. | last2=D'Silva | first2=M.U. | title=Mediated Intercultural Communication in a Digital Age | publisher=Taylor & Francis | series=Routledge Research in Communication Studies | year=2019 | isbn=978-1-351-39989-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nJCKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT222 | access-date=2023-10-31}} * {{cite book |author-link=Bhagavan Das (yogi) |author=Bhagavan Das |year=1997 |title=It's Here Now (Are You?) |publisher=Broadway |isbn=0-7679-0008-1}} * {{cite book | editor-last1=Bhushan | editor-first1=Nalini | editor-last2=Garfield | editor-first2=Jay L. | editor-last3=Zablocki | editor-first3=Abraham | title=TransBuddhism: Transmission, Translation, Transformation | publisher=University of Massachusetts Press | publication-place=Amherst | date=2009 | isbn=978-1-55849-708-5}} * {{cite book |last=Bishop |first=P.|year=1993 |title=Dreams of Power: Tibetan Buddhism, and the Western Imagination |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-0485113280 |page=63 |quote="Tibetans recognize at least ''three grades'' of identifiable reincarnated persons, usually known as 'tulku' ..."}} * {{cite news |title=The Precious One |last=Brown |first=Mick |date=2 February 1995 |work=The Telegraph}} * {{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/sexual-assaults-violent-rages-inside-dark-world-buddhist-teacher/ |title=Sexual assaults and violent rages... Inside the dark world of Buddhist teacher Sogyal Rinpoche |last=Brown |first=Mick |date=21 September 2017 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=2018-01-11 |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}} * {{cite book |last1=Chuluun |first1=Sampildondov |last2=Bulag |first2=Uradyn E. |title=The Thirteenth Dalai Lama on the Run (1904–1906): Archival Documents from Mongolia |year=2013 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-9004254558}} * {{cite book |last=Coleman |first=James William |title=The New Buddhism: The Western Transformation of an Ancient Tradition |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=0-19-513162-2}} * {{cite book |title=T'oung Pao (通報) or Archives |editor1-first=Henri |editor1-last=Cordier |editor2-first=Paul |editor2-last=Pelliot |url=https://archive.org/stream/s2tungpaotoungp11corduoft |publisher=[[E.J. Brill]] |volume=XX1 |year=1922 |location=Leiden}} * {{cite book |title=Buddha's Not Smiling: Uncovering Corruption at the Heart of Tibetan Buddhism Today |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |first=Erik |last=Curren |year=2006 |isbn=978-81-208-3331-9}} * {{cite journal |last=deJong |first=J. W. |title=A Brief History of Buddhist Studies in Europe and America |journal=The Eastern Buddhist |publisher=Eastern Buddhist Society |volume=7 |issue=1 |year=1974 |issn=0012-8708 |jstor=44361384 |pages=55–106 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/44361384 | access-date=2023-10-31}} * {{cite book |last=Diemberger |first=Hildegard |title=When a Woman Becomes a Religious Dynasty: The Samding Dorje Phagmo of Tibet |url=https://archive.org/details/whenwomanbecomes0000diem |url-access=registration |date=2007 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-14320-2}} * {{cite book |last=Dongyal |first=Khenpo Tsewang |title=Light of Fearless Indestructible Wisdom: The Life and Legacy of His Holiness Dudjom Rinpoche |date=2008 |publisher=[[Snow Lion Publications]] |isbn=978-1-55939-304-1}} * {{cite book |title=Of Rainbows and Clouds: The Life of Yab Ugyen Dorji as Told to His Daughter |first1=Yab Ugyen |last1=Dorji |first2=Ashi Dorji Wangmo |last2=Wangchuck |publisher=Serindia Publications |year=1999 |isbn=0-906026-49-0}} * {{cite book |title=The Power-places of Central Tibet: The Pilgrim's Guide |year=1988 |first=Keith |last=Dowman |publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul |isbn=0-7102-1370-0}} * {{cite book |contributor-last=Drolma |contributor-first=Chönyi |contribution=Translator's Introduction |author=Dudjom Lingpa |title=A Clear Mirror: The Visionary Autobiography of a Tibetan Master |year=2012 |location=Hong Kong |publisher= Rangjung Yeshe Publications |isbn=978-9627341673 |oclc=780067518}} * {{cite book |author=Dudjom Lingpa |editor1=Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche |editor1-link=Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche |editor2-last=Norbu |editor2-first=Padma Drimed |translator1=Richard Barron (Lama Chökyi Nyima) |translator2= Suzanne Fairclough |orig-year=1994 |year=2002 |edition=Rev. |title=Buddhahood Without Meditation: A Visionary Account Known as ''Refining One's Perception (Nang-jang)'' |script-title=bo:༄༅༎རང་བཞིན་རྫོགས་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་རང་ཞལ་མངོན་དུ་བྱེད་པའི་གདམས་པ་མ་བསྒོམ་སངས་རྒྱས་བཞུགས་སོ༎ |trans-title=ran bźin rdzogs pa chen po'i ranźal mnon du byed pa'i gdams pa zab gsan sñin po |location=Junction City, CA |publisher=Padma Publishing |isbn=1-881847-33-0}} * {{cite journal |title=Time for Radical Change in How We Raise Our Tulkus |author=Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche |author-link=Khyentse Norbu |date=August 22, 2016 |journal=[[Tricycle: The Buddhist Review]] |url=https://tricycle.org/article/dzongsar-jamyang-khyentse-tulkus/ |access-date=2023-11-06 |url-access=subscription}} * {{cite news |title=Who Will Decide On The Dalai Lama's Successor — His Supporters Or Beijing |first=Lauren |last=Frayer |date=10 November 2019 |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/11/10/776052182/who-will-decide-on-the-dalai-lamas-successor-his-supporters-or-beijing |access-date=27 August 2020}} * {{cite book |title=Tibet, Tibet: A Personal History of a Lost Land |year=2003 |first=Patrick |last=French |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |place=New York |isbn=1-4000-4100-7}} * {{cite web |first=Gaby |last=Hollmann |year=2006 |url=http://www.rinpoche.com/stories/tibet3.htm |title=History of Tibet – A Few Chapters (Part 3) |website=Rinpoche.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416070806/http://rinpoche.com/stories/tibet3.htm |archive-date=2021-04-16}} * {{cite book |last=Goldstein |first=Melvyn C. |title=A History of Modern Tibet, Volume 2: The Calm Before the Storm: 1951–1955 |year=2007 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-24941-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmodernt00melv }} * {{cite book |last1=Goldstein |first1=Melvyn C. |last2=Sherap |first2=Dawei |last3=Siebenschuh |first3=William R. |title=A Tibetan Revolutionary: The Political Life and Times of Bapa Phüntso Wangye |year=2004 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=0-520-24089-8 |page= |url=https://archive.org/details/tibetanrevolutio0000gold }} * {{cite news |last=Hyde |first=Marina |date=24 September 2015 |title=Has Steven Seagal proved you can be a Buddhist and a mascot for the arms trade? |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/lostinshowbiz/2015/sep/24/steven-seagal-buddhist-and-mascot-for-arms-trade-azerbaijan |access-date=31 October 2023}} * {{cite magazine |last=Jackson |first=Roger R. |title=The Tibetan Leonardo |date=November 8, 2012 |url=https://www.lionsroar.com/the-tibetan-leonardo/ |magazine=The Lion's Roar}} * {{cite book |last=Jamgon Kongtrul |first=Lodro Taye |title=Enthronement: The Recognition of the Reincarnate Masters of Tibet and the Himalayas |year=1997 |place=Ithaca, New York|publisher=Shambhala |isbn=978-1559390835}} * {{cite book |author=Jamgon Kongtrul |translator=Kalu Rinpoche Translation Group |year=2003 |title=The Treasury of Knowledge: Book One: Myriad Worlds |publisher=Shambhala Publications |isbn=978-1559398824}} * {{cite book | last1=Juhasz | first1=Alexandra | last2=Lebow | first2=Alisa | title=A Companion to Contemporary Documentary Film | publisher=John Wiley & Sons | publication-place=Malden, Mass | date=2015-03-16 | isbn=978-0-470-67164-1}} * {{cite book |title=The History of the Sixteen Karmapas of Tibet |author=Karma Thinley Rinpoche |publisher=Prajna Press |author-link=Karma Thinley Rinpoche |year=1980 |isbn=1-57062-644-8}} * {{cite news |first=Stuart |last=Lachs |date=July 12, 2019 |title=Tibetan Buddhism Enters the 21st Century: Trouble in Shangri-la |work=Open Buddhism |url=https://openbuddhism.org/regions/north-america/2019/tibetan-buddhism-enters-the-21st-century-trouble-in-shangri-la/ |access-date=2023-11-02}} * {{cite news |title=Movie Star Declared a Lama / Seagal elevated to sacred status in Tibetan Buddhism |last1=Lattin |first1=Don |work=SFGATE |date=20 June 1997 |access-date=31 October 2023 |url= https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Movie-Star-Declared-a-Lama-Seagal-elevated-to-2821779.php }} * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Lessing |first=Ferdinand D. |title=Bogd |dictionary=Mongolian-English Dictionary |publisher=University of California Press |year=1960}} * {{cite book |title=Miraculous 16th Karmapa: Incredible Encounters with the Black Crown Buddha |first=Norma |last=Levin |year=2013 |publisher=Shang Shung Publications}} * {{cite news |first=Craig C. |last=Lewis |date=February 18, 2022 |url=https://www.buddhistdoor.net/news/passing-of-his-holiness-dudjom-sangye-pema-shepa-rinpoche-announced/ |title=Passing of His Holiness Dudjom Sangye Pema Shepa Rinpoche Announced |work=Buddhistdoor Global}} * {{cite book |last=Lhundrub Dargye |first=Ngawang|year=2011 |title=The Hidden Life of the Sixth Dalai Lama |publisher=Lexington Books |isbn=978-0739150535}} * {{cite book | last=Liechty | first=Mark | chapter=12. Imbibing Eastern Wisdom: Nepal as Dharma Destination | pages=323–366 | title=Far Out | publisher=University of Chicago Press | year=2017 | isbn=978-0-226-42894-9 | doi=10.7208/chicago/9780226429137.003.0012}} * {{cite magazine |author=Lion's Roar Staff |date=July 14, 2015 |url=https://www.lionsroar.com/tenth-traleg-rinpoche-located-recognized/ |title=Tenth Traleg Rinpoche located, recognized |magazine=Lion's Roar |access-date=19 January 2022}} * {{cite journal |last=Logan |first=Pamela |year=2004 |url=http://www.ivymedia.com/haq/onlineissues/winter2004issue.html |title=Tulkus in Tibet |journal=Harvard Asia Quarterly |volume=8 |number=1 |pages=15–23}} * {{cite book |title=The History of Tibet,The Modern Period: 1895–1959, The Encounter with Modernity |volume=3 |first=Alex |last=McKay |isbn=0-415-30844-5 |year=2003|publisher=RoutledgeCurzon }} * {{cite book |last=Mackenzie |first=Vicki|year=1996 |title=Reincarnation: The Boy Lama |publisher=Wisdom Publications |isbn=978-0861711086}} * {{cite book |last=Mackerras |first=Colin |title=The New Cambridge Handbook of Contemporary China |year=2001 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-78674-4}} * {{cite journal |title=Reflections on Dzongsar Khyentse's 'How We Raise Tulkus' |first=Ken |last=McLeod |date=September 15, 2016 |journal=[[Tricycle: The Buddhist Review]] |url=https://tricycle.org/article/reflections-on-dzongsar-khyentses-how-we-raise-tulkus/ |access-date=2023-11-05 |url-access=subscription}} * {{cite web |first=Alison |last=Melnick |date=2007 |url=https://collab.itc.virginia.edu/wiki/renaissanceold/Karmapa.html |title=Karmapa Concept Encyclopedia Analysis |publisher=Collab.itc.virginia.edu |access-date=20 July 2020}} * {{cite book |last=Midal |first=Fabrice |year=2005 |title=Recalling Chögyam Trungpa |publisher=Shambhala |isbn=1-59030-207-9}} * {{cite book | last=Moran | first=Peter Kevin | title=Buddhism Observed | publisher=Routledge | publication-place=London | date=2004 | isbn=978-0-415-32596-7}} * {{cite book |last=Mullin |first=Glenn H. |year=2001 |title=The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation |publisher=Clear Light Publishers |place=Santa Fe, New Mexico |isbn=1-57416-092-3}} * {{cite magazine |first=Jan |last=Nattier |title=Visible and Invisible: The Politics of Representation in Buddhist America |magazine=Tricycle |volume=5 |number=1 |year=1995 |pages=42–9}} * {{cite book |first=Khenpo Ngawang |last=Pelzang |title=A Guide to the Words of My Perfect Teacher |place=Boston |publisher=Shambhala |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-59030-073-2}} * {{cite journal | last=Oldmeadow | first=Peter | title=Tibetan Buddhism and Globalisation | journal=Sydney Studies in Religion | date=2001 | issn=1444-5158 | url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSR/article/view/233 | access-date=2023-11-01}} * {{cite web |author=Orgyen Tobgyal Rinpoche |title=The Life of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo |year= 1996 |url=http://www.lotsawahouse.org/tibetan-masters/orgyen-tobgyal-rinpoche/biography-khyentse-wangpo |access-date=2012-10-15}} * {{cite magazine |first=Martine |last=Panzica |date=February 18, 2022 |url=https://www.lionsroar.com/passing-of-two-influential-nyingma-teachers-dudjom-rinpoche-iii-and-dodrubchen-rinpoche/ |title=Passing of two influential Nyingma teachers: Dudjom Rinpoche III and Dodrubchen Rinpoche |magazine=Lions Roar}} * {{cite web |author=Penor Rinpoche |title=Advice Regarding Recognition of Tulkus (Steven Seagal) |work=palyul.org |date=1999 |access-date=31 October 2023 |url= https://palyul.org/wp/advice-regarding-recognition-of-tulkus-steven-seagal/}} * {{cite book |last=Pommaret |first=Françoise |title=Bhutan |publisher=Passport Books (Odyssey) |year=1998 |isbn=0-8442-9966-9}} * {{cite news |title=Reincarnation feudal, should end now: Dalai Lama amid successor row with China |first=Shri |last=Puri |date=26 October 2019 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/reincarnation-feudal-should-end-now-dalai-lama-amid-successor-row-with-china/articleshow/71769825.cms |newspaper=Times of India |access-date=27 August 2020}} * {{cite journal |last=Ray |first=Reginald A. |title=Some Aspects of the Tulku Tradition in Tibet |journal=The Tibet Journal |volume=11 |number=4 |year=1986 |pages=35–69}} * {{cite magazine |last=Remski |first=Matthew |date=April 13, 2021 |orig-date= September 28, 2020 |author-link=Matthew Remski |title=Survivors of an international Buddhist Cult Share Their Stories |url=https://thewalrus.ca/survivors-of-an-international-buddhist-cult-share-their-stories/ |magazine=The Walrus |access-date=21 October 2020}} * {{cite book |last=Richardson |first=Hugh E. |title=Tibet and its history |year=1984 |publisher=Shambhala |location=Boston |isbn=978-0-87773-376-8 |edition=2nd}} * {{cite book |author=Ringu Tulku |title=The Ri-me Philosophy of Jamgon Kongtrul the Great: A Study of the Buddhist Lineages of Tibet |year=2007 |publisher=Shambhala |isbn=978-1590304648}} * {{cite book |title=The Politics of Bhutan |last=Rose |first=Leo E. |publisher=Cornell University Press |location=Ithaca |year=1977 |isbn=0-8014-0909-8}} * {{cite book |title=Civilized Shamans: Buddhism in Tibetan Societies |first=Geoffery |last=Samuel |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press |year=1993 |isbn=1-56098-231-4}} * {{cite book |last=Shakabpa |first=Tsepon W. D. |year=1967 |title=Tibet: A Political History |place=New York |publisher=Yale University Press}} * {{cite book |last=Sherrill |first=Martha |title=The Buddha from Brooklyn |publisher=Random House |year=2000 |isbn=0-679-45275-3}} * {{cite book |last=Smith |first=E. Gene |author-link=E. Gene Smith |year=2001 |title=Among Tibetan Texts: History and Literature of the Himalayan Plateau |series=Studies in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism |publication-place=Sommerville, Massachusetts |publisher=Wisdom Publications |isbn=0-86171-179-3}} * {{cite book |first=Cyrus |last=Stearns |title=King of the Empty Plain: The Tibetan Iron Bridge Builder Tangtong Gyalpo |year=2007 |publisher=Snow Lion Publications |isbn=978-1559392754}} *{{cite book |first=Eric |last=Tagliacozzo |title=Asia Inside Out: Changing Times |date=2015 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-96694-9}} * {{cite book |last=Terhune |first=Lea|year=2004 |title=Karmapa: The Politics of Reincarnation |publisher=Wisdom Publications |isbn=978-0861711802}} * {{cite book |first=Tulku |last=Thondup |year=2011 |title=Incarnation: The History and Mysticism of the Tulku Tradition of Tibet |place=Boston |publisher=Shambhala Publications |isbn=978-1590308394}} * {{cite book |first=Tulku |last=Thondup |year=1996 |title=Masters of Meditation and Miracles |publisher=Shambhala |isbn=1-57062-113-6}} * {{cite web |first=Khenchen |last=Thrangu Rinpoche |url=http://www.rinpoche.com/samadisutra.html |title=King of Samadhi Sutra: Oral commentaries given in Rinpoche's monastery in Boudhanath, Nepal |date=January 1993 |website=Rinpoche.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010617183445/http://rinpoche.com/samadisutra.html |archive-date=2001-06-17}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.rinpoche.com/controversy.htm |title=The Karmapa Controversy |author=Thrangu Rinpoche |date=n.d. |website=Rinpoche.com |access-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906095656/http://rinpoche.com/controversy.htm |archive-date=2020-09-06}} * {{Cite web|url=http://search.lib.virginia.edu/catalog/libra-oa:3244|title=Lords of the Northern Treasures: The Development of the Tibetan Institution of Rule by Successive Incarnations|last=Valentine|first=Jay|date=2013|website=UVA Library {{!}} Virgo|language=en|access-date=2017-08-06}} * {{cite journal |title=Tibetan Ani-s: The Nun's Life in Tibet |first=Janice D. |last=Willis |journal=The Tibet Journal |volume=IX |number=4 |date=Winter 1984 |publisher=Library of Tibetan Works & Archives |place=Dharamsala, India}} * {{cite book |title=The Karmapa Prophecies |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |first=Sylvia |last=Wong |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-208-3480-4}} * {{cite book |last=Zangpo |first=Tsering Lama Jampal |year=1988 |title=The Astonishing Succession of Throne Holders of the Victorious and Powerful Palyul Tradition Called A Garland of Immortal Wish-fulfilling Trees |publisher=Snow Lion Publications |isbn=978-0937938645}} * {{cite magazine |author=Zopa Rinpoche |date=April–June 2009 |title=Lama Yeshe Passes |magazine=Mandala |pages=40–45 |url=http://fpmt.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2009/03/LamaYeshePasses.pdf}} {{refend}}
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