Editing Tuvalu (section)

==Society==
===Demographics===
{{Main|Demographics of Tuvalu}}
{{see also|Women in Tuvalu}}

[[File:Population Distribution of Tuvalu by Age Group (2014).png|thumb|Population distribution of Tuvalu by age group (2014)]]

The population at the 2002 census was 9,561,<ref name=CSD>{{cite web |url=http://tuvalu.prism.spc.int/index.php/census-and-surveys |title=Census of Population and Housing and sample Surveys |year=2006 |publisher=Central Statistics Division – Government of Tuvalu |access-date=17 October 2011 |archive-date=13 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813003925/https://tuvalu.prism.spc.int/index.php/census-and-surveys |url-status=live}}</ref> and the population at the 2017 census was 10,645.<ref name="1C2012">{{cite web |title=Population of communities in Tuvalu |publisher=world-statistics.org |date=11 April 2012 |url=http://tuvalu.popgis.spc.int/#l=en;i=ethnic.t_tuvaluan;v=map1;sid=39;z=717733,9074628,48863,33709;sly=eas_32760_xy_def_DR |access-date=20 March 2016 |archive-date=23 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323020216/http://tuvalu.popgis.spc.int/#l=en;i=ethnic.t_tuvaluan;v=map1;sid=39;z=717733,9074628,48863,33709;sly=eas_32760_xy_def_DR |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="2C2012">{{cite web |title=Population of communities in Tuvalu |publisher=Thomas Brinkhoff |date=11 April 2012 |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/Tuvalu.html |access-date=20 March 2016 |archive-date=24 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324124836/http://www.citypopulation.de/Tuvalu.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The most recent evaluation in 2020 puts the population at 11,342.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=TV |title=Population, total |website=The World Bank |access-date=21 October 2018 |archive-date=30 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130152233/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=TV |url-status=live}}</ref> The population of Tuvalu is primarily of [[Polynesians|Polynesian]] ethnicity, with approximately 5.6% of the population being [[Micronesians]] speaking [[Gilbertese language|Gilbertese]], especially on [[Nui (atoll)|Nui]].<ref name="1C2012"/>

Life expectancy for [[women in Tuvalu]] is 70.2 years and 65.6 years for men (2018 est.).<ref name="CIA"/> The country's population growth rate is 0.86% (2018 est.).<ref name="CIA"/> The net migration rate is estimated at −6.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.).<ref name="CIA"/> The threat of [[global warming in Tuvalu]] is not yet a dominant motivation for migration as Tuvaluans appear to prefer to continue living on the islands for reasons of lifestyle, culture and identity.<ref name="CMJB">{{cite journal |author1=Colette Mortreux |author2=Jon Barnett |name-list-style=amp |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222409088 |title=Climate change, migration and adaptation in Funafuti, Tuvalu |journal=Global Environmental Change |volume=19 |year=2009 |issue=1 |pages=105–112 |doi=10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.09.006 |bibcode=2009GEC....19..105M |access-date=17 September 2017 |archive-date=15 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115155358/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222409088 |url-status=live}}</ref>

From 1947 to 1983, a number of Tuvaluans from Vaitupu migrated to [[Kioa]], an island in Fiji.<ref name="LNKFK">{{cite book |last1=Lifuka |first1=Neli |editor-last1=Koch |editor-first1=Klaus-Friedrich |title=Logs in the current of the sea: Neli Lifuka's story of Kioa and the Vaitupu colonists |year=1978 |publisher=Australian National University Press/Press of the Langdon Associates |isbn=0708103626}}</ref> The settlers from Tuvalu were granted Fijian citizenship in 2005. In recent years, New Zealand and Australia have been the primary destinations for migration or seasonal work.

In 2014, attention was drawn to an appeal to the New Zealand Immigration and Protection Tribunal against the deportation of a Tuvaluan family on the basis that they were "[[climate migrant|climate change refugees]]", who would suffer hardship resulting from the [[environmental degradation]] of Tuvalu.<ref name=WP>{{cite news |last=Rick |first=Noack |title=Has the era of the 'climate change refugee' begun? |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=7 August 2014 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/08/07/has-the-era-of-the-climate-change-refugee-begun/ |access-date=11 February 2015 |archive-date=8 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208193709/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/08/07/has-the-era-of-the-climate-change-refugee-begun/ |url-status=live}}</ref> However, the subsequent grant of residence permits to the family was made on grounds unrelated to the refugee claim.<ref name=PS>{{cite web |last=Rive |first=Vernon |title="Climate refugees" revisited: a closer look at the Tuvalu decision |publisher=Point Source |date=14 August 2014 |url=http://www.vernonrive.com/home/climate-refugees-revisited-a-closer-look-at-the-tuvalu-decision |access-date=2 March 2017 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004092203/http://www.vernonrive.com/home/climate-refugees-revisited-a-closer-look-at-the-tuvalu-decision |url-status=usurped}}</ref> The family was successful in their appeal because, under the relevant immigration legislation, there were "exceptional circumstances of a humanitarian nature" that justified the grant of resident permits, for the family was integrated into New Zealand society with a sizeable extended family that had effectively relocated to New Zealand.<ref name=PS/> Indeed, in 2013 a claim of a [[Kiribati]] man of being a [[Environmental migrant#Asia and the Pacific|"climate change refugee"]] under the [[Convention relating to the Status of Refugees]] (1951) was determined by the New Zealand High Court to be untenable, as there was no persecution or serious harm related to any of the five stipulated Refugee Convention grounds.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.vernonrive.com/home/climate-refugees-revisited-a-closer-look-at-the-tuvalu-decision |title="Climate refugees" revisited: a closer look at the Tuvalu decision |publisher=Point Source |date=14 August 2014 |author=Rive, Vernon |access-date=11 February 2015 |archive-date=4 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004092203/http://www.vernonrive.com/home/climate-refugees-revisited-a-closer-look-at-the-tuvalu-decision |url-status=usurped}}</ref> Permanent migration to Australia and New Zealand, such as for family reunification, requires compliance with the immigration legislation of those countries.<ref name=G17>{{cite web |last=Ben Doherty and Eleanor Ainge Roy |title=World Bank: let climate-threatened Pacific islanders migrate to Australia or NZ |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=8 May 2017 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/may/08/australia-and-nz-should-allow-open-migration-for-pacific-islanders-threatened-by-climate-says-report |access-date=8 May 2017}}</ref>

New Zealand announced the ''Pacific Access Category'' in 2001, which provided an annual quota of 75 work permits for Tuvaluans.<ref name=PAC>{{cite web |url=http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/government-announces-pacific-access-scheme |title=Government announces Pacific access scheme |date=20 December 2001 |publisher=Mark Gosche, Pacific Island Affairs Minister (NZ) |access-date=5 November 2011 |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329083848/http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/government-announces-pacific-access-scheme |url-status=live}}</ref> The applicants register for the Pacific Access Category (PAC) ballots; the primary criterion is that the principal applicant must have a job offer from a New Zealand employer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/apply-for-a-visa/about-visa/pacific-access-category-resident-visa |title=Pacific Access Category |date=20 December 2001 |publisher=Immigration New Zealand |access-date=5 November 2011 |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329084027/https://www.immigration.govt.nz/new-zealand-visas/visas/visa/pacific-access-category-resident-visa |url-status=live}}</ref> Tuvaluans also have access to seasonal employment in the horticulture and viticulture industries in New Zealand under the ''Recognised Seasonal Employer'' (RSE) Work Policy introduced in 2007 allowing for employment of up to 5,000 workers from Tuvalu and other Pacific islands.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/program/dwcp/download/tuvalu.pdf |title=Tuvalu – Decent work country program |date=11 May 2010 |publisher=International Labour Organization |access-date=5 November 2011 |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329084217/http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/how-the-ilo-works/organigramme/program/lang--en/index.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> Tuvaluans can participate in the Australian ''Pacific Seasonal Worker Program'', which allows Pacific Islanders to obtain seasonal employment in the Australian agriculture industry, in particular, cotton and cane operations; fishing industry, in particular aquaculture; and with accommodation providers in the tourism industry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deewr.gov.au/Employment/Programs/seasonalworker/Pages/default.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815092456/http://www.deewr.gov.au/Employment/Programs/seasonalworker/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=15 August 2012 |title=The Seasonal Worker Program |date=1 July 2012 |publisher=Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (Australia) |access-date=9 September 2012}}</ref>

On 10 November 2023, Tuvalu signed the Falepili Union, a [[Australia–Tuvalu relations|bilateral diplomatic relationship with Australia]], under which Australia will provide a pathway for citizens of Tuvalu to migrate to Australia, to enable [[Climate migration|climate-related mobility]] for Tuvaluans.<ref name=FalepiliTreaty1/><ref name="AUTFU1"/>

===Languages===
{{Main|Tuvaluan language}}

The [[Tuvaluan language]] and English are the national languages of Tuvalu. Tuvaluan is of the Ellicean group of [[Polynesian languages]], distantly related to all other Polynesian languages such as [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]], [[Māori language|Māori]], [[Tahitian language|Tahitian]], [[Rapa Nui language|Rapa Nui]], [[Samoan language|Samoan]] and [[Tongan language|Tongan]].<ref name="Tuvaluan Te 'gana Tūvalu"/> It is most closely related to the languages spoken on the [[Polynesian outlier]]s in Micronesia and northern and central [[Melanesia]]. The Tuvaluan language has borrowed from the Samoan language, as a consequence of Christian missionaries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries being predominantly Samoan.<ref name="MD"/><ref name="Tuvaluan Te 'gana Tūvalu"/>

The [[Tuvaluan language]] is spoken by virtually everyone, while a [[Micronesian languages|Micronesian]] language very similar to [[Gilbertese language|Gilbertese]] is spoken on [[Nui (atoll)|Nui]].<ref name="Tuvaluan Te 'gana Tūvalu">{{cite web |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/tuvaluan.htm |title=Tuvaluan (Te 'gana Tūvalu) |publisher=Omniglot |access-date=6 November 2012 |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329084405/https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tuvaluan.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/TV/languages%7ctitle=Tuvalu%7cwork=Ethnologue |title=Tuvalu |work=Ethnologue |access-date=10 December 2015 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506145534/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/TV/languages%7Ctitle=Tuvalu%7Cwork=Ethnologue |url-status=live}}</ref> English is also an official language but is not spoken in daily use. Parliament and official functions are conducted in the Tuvaluan language.

There are about 13,000 Tuvaluan speakers worldwide.<ref>Besnier, Niko (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=rhjgLnIMeawC ''Tuvaluan: A Polynesian Language of the Central Pacific''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427121540/https://books.google.com/books?id=rhjgLnIMeawC |date=27 April 2023 }}. London: Routledge, {{ISBN|0-203-02712-4}}.</ref><ref>Jackson, Geoff and Jackson, Jenny (1999). [https://books.google.com/books?id=0T6FBzA4pvUC ''An introduction to Tuvaluan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411075302/https://books.google.com/books?id=0T6FBzA4pvUC |date=11 April 2023 }}. Suva: Oceania Printers, {{ISBN|982-9027-02-3}}.</ref> [[Tuvalu Media Corporation|Radio Tuvalu]] transmits Tuvaluan-language programming.<ref name="NBP">{{cite book |last=Robie |first=David |title=Nius Bilong Pasifik: Mass Media in the Pacific |year=1995 |publisher=University of Papua New Guinea Press |isbn=9980840528}}</ref><ref name="LRD">{{cite web |author1=Lee Duffield, Amanda Watson |author2=Mark Hayes |name-list-style=amp |work=Queensland University of Technology |title=Media and Communication Capacities in the Pacific region |date=2008 |url=http://eprints.qut.edu.au/13322/1/13322.pdf |access-date=5 January 2015 |archive-date=13 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313103141/http://eprints.qut.edu.au/13322/1/13322.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="pacmas2">{{cite web |last1=Tacchi |first1=Jo |last2=Horst |first2=Heather |last3=Papoutsaki |first3=Evangelia |last4=Thomas |first4=Verena |last5=Eggins |first5=Joy |work=Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS) |title=State of Media & Communication Report - Tuvalu |date=6 October 2013 |url=http://www.pacmas.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/06.-PACMAS_Tuvalu-Country-Report_FINAL.pdf |access-date=5 January 2015 |archive-date=12 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812125238/http://www.pacmas.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/06.-PACMAS_Tuvalu-Country-Report_FINAL.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Religion===
{{main|Religion in Tuvalu}}

[[File:Fetu Ao Lima (Morning Star Church), Congregational Christian Church of Tuvalu.jpg|thumb|Fetu Ao Lima (Morning Star Church), Congregational Christian Church of Tuvalu]]

The [[Church of Tuvalu|Congregational Christian Church of Tuvalu]], which is part of the [[Calvinist]] tradition, is the [[state church]] of Tuvalu;<ref name="Tuvalu">{{cite web |url=http://religiousfreedom.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=190&Itemid=56%7ctitle=Tuvalu%7cpublisher= |title=Tuvalu |publisher=religiousfreedom.com |access-date=10 December 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200135/http://religiousfreedom.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=190&Itemid=56%7Ctitle=Tuvalu%7Cpublisher= |url-status=dead}}</ref> although in practice this merely entitles it to "the privilege of performing special services on major national events".<ref name="usdos">{{cite web |work=United States Department of State |title=2010 Report on International Religious Freedom – Tuvalu |date=17 November 2010 |url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/4cf2d05cc.html |access-date=22 December 2015 |archive-date=26 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926055922/http://www.refworld.org/docid/4cf2d05cc.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Its adherents comprise about 97% of the 10,837 (2012 census) inhabitants of the [[archipelago]].<ref name="Tuvalu"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reformiert-online.net/adressen/detail.php?id=13338&lg=eng |title=Address data base of Reformed churches and institutions |publisher=reformiert-online.net |access-date=2 July 2015 |archive-date=8 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708165003/http://www.reformiert-online.net/adressen/detail.php?id=13338&lg=eng |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Constitution of Tuvalu]] guarantees freedom of religion, including the freedom to practice, the freedom to change religion, the right not to receive religious instruction at school or to attend religious ceremonies at school, and the right not to "take an oath or make an affirmation that is contrary to his religion or belief".<ref>Constitution of Tuvalu, article 23.</ref>

Other Christian groups include the [[Catholic]] community served by the [[Mission Sui Iuris of Funafuti]], and the [[Seventh-day Adventist]] which has 2.8% of the population.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tuvalu/ |title=The World Factbook (CIA) |date=20 October 2019 |access-date=11 November 2019 |archive-date=12 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112151520/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tuvalu/ |url-status=live}}</ref> According to its own estimates, the Tuvalu Brethren Church has about 500 members (i.e. 4.5% of the population).<ref name=report12>{{cite web |work=United States Department of State |title=International Religious Freedom Report 2012: Tuvalu |date=20 May 2013 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2012/eap/208276.htm |access-date=5 September 2017 |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420035610/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2012/eap/208276.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Baháʼí Faith]] is the largest minority religion and the largest non-Christian religion in Tuvalu. It constitutes 2.0% of the population.<ref name="CIA" /> The Baháʼís are present on Nanumea,<ref name="state.gov">{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2007/90157.htm |title=Tuvalu |access-date=3 December 2019 |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329084827/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2007/90157.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> and Funafuti.<ref name="G23-6">{{cite web |last=Fainu |first=Kalolaine |title=Dancing, feasts and faith mark life on a vanishing island – Tuvalu photo essay |work=[[The Guardian]] |page= |date=27 June 2023 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jun/27/dancing-feasts-and-faith-mark-life-on-a-vanishing-island-tuvalu-photo-essay |access-date=11 November 2023}}</ref> The [[Ahmadiyya Muslim Community]] consists of about 50 members (0.4% of the population).<ref>{{cite book |title=Religious Diversity in Southeast Asia and the Pacific |url=https://archive.org/details/religiousdiversi00boum |url-access=limited |author1=Gary D. Bouma |author2=Rodney Ling |author3=Douglas Pratt |page=[https://archive.org/details/religiousdiversi00boum/page/n197 198] |date=2010}}</ref>

The introduction of Christianity ended the worship of ancestral spirits and other deities ([[animism]]),<ref name="CHrel">[[#Hedley|Hedley]], pp. 46–52</ref> along with the power of the ''vaka-atua'' (the priests of the old religions).<ref name="Sollas">{{cite journal |author=W. J. Sollas |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/055353a0.pdf |title=The Legendary History of Funafuti |journal=Nature |volume=55 |date=11 February 1897 |pages=353–355 |doi=10.1038/055353a0 |s2cid=4056485 |access-date=4 September 2021 |archive-date=4 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704055826/https://www.nature.com/articles/055353a0.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Laumua Kofe describes the objects of worship as varying from island to island, although ancestor worship was described by the Rev. Samuel James Whitmee in 1870 as being common practice.<ref>Kofe, Laumua "Old Time Religion" in ''Tuvalu: A History''</ref>

===Health===
{{main|Health in Tuvalu}}

The [[Princess Margaret Hospital (Funafuti)|Princess Margaret Hospital]] on Funafuti is the only hospital in Tuvalu and the primary provider of medical services.

Since the late 20th century, the biggest health problems in Tuvalu have been obesity-related. The leading cause of death has been [[heart disease]],<ref name="Saga">{{cite web |title=2007 University Student Exchange Programme- Fiji and Tuvalu |publisher=Saga University-Asia/Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO (ACCU) |date=9–25 March 2008 |url=http://www.accu.or.jp/jp/activity/person/data/2007_SagaUniversity.pdf |access-date=16 March 2013 |archive-date=23 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223185854/http://www.accu.or.jp/jp/activity/person/data/2007_SagaUniversity.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> which is closely followed by [[diabetes]]<ref name="LZW">{{cite web |last=Lawrence Zdenek Walker |title=Elective Report April–May 2012 |url=http://assets.electives.smd.qmul.ac.uk/library/original/pdf/8/walker-lawrence.033b0a1ad714b63675867b49dc4f3712.1347538338.pdf |access-date=16 March 2013 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030253/http://assets.electives.smd.qmul.ac.uk/library/original/pdf/8/walker-lawrence.033b0a1ad714b63675867b49dc4f3712.1347538338.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> and [[high blood pressure]].<ref name="Saga"/> In 2016 the majority of deaths resulted from cardiac diseases, with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, and cerebral-vascular disease among the other causes of death.<ref name="AIDS16">{{cite web |title=Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu |publisher=Ministry of Health Tuvalu |year=2016 |url=http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |access-date=29 November 2017 |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329085041/https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Education===
[[File:Children of Niutao Island.JPG|thumb|Children on [[Niutao]]]]

[[History of Tuvalu#Education in Tuvalu|Education in Tuvalu]] is free and [[Compulsory education|compulsory]] between the ages of 6 and 15 years. Each island has a primary school. [[Motufoua Secondary School]] is located on [[Vaitupu]].<ref name="mapia">{{cite web |title=Motufoua Secondary School |url=http://wikimapia.org/4492759/Motufoua-Secondary-School |access-date=20 November 2012 |archive-date=21 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321134130/http://wikimapia.org/4492759/Motufoua-Secondary-School |url-status=live}}</ref> Students board at the school during the school term, returning to their home islands each school vacation. [[Fetuvalu Secondary School]], a day school operated by the [[Church of Tuvalu]], is on Funafuti.<ref name="FHS">{{cite web |title=Fetuvalu High School (Funafuti) |url=http://wikimapia.org/10435819/Fetuvalu-High-School |access-date=20 November 2012 |archive-date=27 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927210334/http://wikimapia.org/10435819/Fetuvalu-High-School |url-status=live}}</ref>

Fetuvalu offers the [[International General Certificate of Secondary Education|Cambridge syllabus]]. Motufoua offers the Fiji Junior Certificate (FJC) at year 10, Tuvaluan Certificate at Year 11 and the Pacific Senior Secondary Certificate (PSSC) at Year 12, which is set by SPBEA, the [[Fiji]]-based [[exam board]].<ref name="SPBEA">{{cite web |title=Pacific Senior Secondary Certificate (PSSC), Secretariat of the Pacific Board for Educational Assessment |publisher=Spantran |url=https://www.spantran.com/academic-evaluation-services/change-in-south-pacific-secondary-examinations/ |access-date=6 January 2018 |archive-date=4 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004062525/https://www.spantran.com/academic-evaluation-services/change-in-south-pacific-secondary-examinations/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sixth form students who pass their PSSC go on to the Augmented Foundation Programme, funded by the Tuvalu government. This program is required for tertiary education programmes outside of Tuvalu and is available at the [[University of the South Pacific]] (USP) Extension Centre in Funafuti.<ref name="USPt1">{{cite web |work=Welcome to the Tuvalu Campus |title=University of the South Pacific – Tuvalu Campus |year=2019 |url=https://www.usp.ac.fj/index.php?id=3666 |access-date=28 August 2019 |archive-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425224152/https://www.usp.ac.fj/index.php?id=3666 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Required attendance at school is 10 years for males and 11 years for females (2001).<ref name="CIA"/> The adult [[literacy rate]] is 99.0% (2002).<ref name="IMF 2010"/> In 2010, there were 1,918 students who were taught by 109 teachers (98 certified and 11 uncertified). The teacher-pupil ratio for primary schools in Tuvalu is around 1:18 for all schools with the exception of Nauti School, which has a ratio of 1:27. Nauti School on Funafuti is the largest primary school in Tuvalu with more than 900 students (45 per cent of the total primary school enrolment). The pupil-teacher ratio for Tuvalu is low compared to the entire Pacific region (ratio of 1:29).<ref name="MDG">{{cite web |work=Ministry of Education and Sports, and Ministry of Finance and Economic Development from the Government of Tuvalu; and the United Nations System in the Pacific Islands |title=Tuvalu: Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Framework – Improving Quality of Education |date=April 2013 |url=http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/MDG/MDG%20Acceleration%20Framework/MAF%20Reports/RBAP/MAF%20Tuvalu-FINAL-%20April%204.pdf |access-date=13 October 2013 |archive-date=13 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213133607/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/MDG/MDG%20Acceleration%20Framework/MAF%20Reports/RBAP/MAF%20Tuvalu-FINAL-%20April%204.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Community Training Centres (CTCs) have been established within the primary schools on each atoll. They provide [[vocational training]] to students who do not progress beyond Class 8 because they failed the entry qualifications for secondary education. The CTCs offer training in basic carpentry, gardening and farming, [[sewing]] and cooking. At the end of their studies the graduates can apply to continue studies either at Motufoua Secondary School or the [[Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute]] (TMTI). Adults can also attend courses at the CTCs.<ref name="SB">{{cite web |author1=Bakalevu, Salanieta |author2=Manuella, David |name-list-style=amp |title=Open Schooling as a Strategy for Second-chance Education in the Pacific: A desk study report |pages=96–100 |date=June 2011 |publisher=Commonwealth of Learning (COL) / University of the South Pacific |url=http://www.col.org/resources/open-schooling-strategy-second-chance-education-pacific-desk-study-report |access-date=20 November 2012 |archive-date=2 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302080631/http://www.col.org/resources/open-schooling-strategy-second-chance-education-pacific-desk-study-report |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Four tertiary institutions offer technical and vocational courses: [[Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute]] (TMTI), [[Tuvalu Atoll Science Technology Training Institute]] (TASTII), Australian Pacific Training Coalition (APTC) and [[University of the South Pacific]] (USP) Extension Centre.<ref name="USP2020-7">{{cite web |url=https://www.usp.ac.fj/news/story.php?id=3268 |title=Tuvalu Theory of Change Coalition Consultation |publisher=The University of the South Pacific |date=6 July 2020 |access-date=10 January 2021 |archive-date=11 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111230331/https://www.usp.ac.fj/news/story.php?id=3268 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Tuvaluan Employment Ordinance of 1966 sets the [[minimum age]] for paid employment at 14 years and prohibits children under the age of 15 from performing hazardous work.<ref name=ilab>[http://www.dol.gov/ilab/map/countries/tuvalu.htm "Tuvalu"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017213157/http://www.dol.gov/ilab/map/countries/tuvalu.htm |date=17 October 2011}}. ''2009 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor''. [[Bureau of International Labor Affairs]], [[U.S. Department of Labor]] (2002). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.</ref>