Editing Ultrafiltration (section)

==== Flowtype ====
UF systems can either operate with cross-flow or dead-end flow. In dead-end filtration the flow of the feed solution is perpendicular to the membrane surface. On the other hand, in cross flow systems the flow passes parallel to the membrane surface.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Farahbakhsh|first=Khosrow|author2=Adham, Samer S. |author3=Smith, Daniel W. |title=Monitoring the Integrity of Low-Pressure Membranes|journal=Journal AWWA|date=June 2003|volume=95|issue=6|pages=95–107|doi=10.1002/j.1551-8833.2003.tb10390.x|bibcode=2003JAWWA..95f..95F |s2cid=116774106 }}</ref> Dead-end configurations are more suited to batch processes with low suspended solids as solids accumulate at the membrane surface therefore requiring frequent backflushes and cleaning to maintain high flux. Cross-flow configurations are preferred in continuous operations as solids are continuously flushed from the membrane surface resulting in a thinner cake layer and lower resistance to permeation.{{cn|date=September 2023}}