Editing Wankel engine (section)

==Car applications==
{{Multiple image
| direction = vertical
| width = 220
| header = Rotary-engined cars
| image1 = NSU-Spider.jpg
| caption1 = '''Figure 16.'''<br/>[[NSU Spider|The 1964 NSU Wankel Spider]], the first car sold with a rotary engine
| image2 = NSU Ro 80 - 2009-10-11 (Foto Sp).jpg
| caption2 = '''Figure 17.'''<br/>The 1967 NSU Ro80
| image3 = Mazda Cosmo L10A front-right 2016 Shanghai Auto Museum.jpg
| caption3 = '''Figure 18.'''<br/>1967 [[Mazda Cosmo]], the first two-rotor rotary engine sports car
| image4 = Mercedes-Benz C111.jpg
| caption4 = '''Figure 19.'''<br/>The 1970 [[Mercedes-Benz C111]] was fitted with a four-rotor Wankel engine
| image5 = Mullin Citroen 03248 GS Birotor.jpg
| caption5 = '''Figure 20.'''<br/>1973 Citroën GS Birotor
| image6 = Lada 1600, produced in 1978, at the I. International Oldtimer and Youngtimer Festival, Budapest, 2011.jpg
| caption6 = '''Figure 21.'''<br/>VAZ-2106
| image7 = Mazda RX-8.jpg
| caption7 = '''Figure 22.'''<br/>The [[Mazda RX-8]] sports car, manufactured until 2012
| image8 = 2021 Mazda MX-30 Front.jpg
| caption8 = '''Figure 23.'''<br/>The 2023 electric Hybrid [[Mazda MX-30]] R-EV, the first car sold with an electric–rotary engine powertrain
}}
The first rotary-engined car for sale was the [[NSU Spider|1964 NSU Rotary Spider]]. Rotary engines were continuously fitted in cars until 2012 when Mazda discontinued the [[Mazda RX-8|RX-8]]. Mazda introduced a rotary-engined hybrid electric car, the [[Mazda MX-30|MX-30 R-EV]] in 2023.<ref name="capomazda.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.capomazda.com/blog/introducing-the-2023-mazda-mx-30/ |title=Introducing the 2023 Mazda MX-30 |date=9 June 2022}}</ref>

===NSU and Mazda===
Mazda and NSU signed a study contract to develop the Wankel engine in 1961 and competed to bring the first Wankel-powered automobile to the market. Although Mazda produced an [[Mazda Wankel engine|experimental rotary]] that year, NSU was the first with a rotary automobile for sale, the sporty [[NSU Spider]] in 1964; Mazda countered with a display of two- and four-rotor rotary engines at that year's [[Tokyo Motor Show]].<ref name="JhYt4Sa"/> In 1967, NSU began production of a rotary-engined luxury car, the [[NSU Ro 80|Ro 80]].<ref name="ndjUi">{{cite magazine |url= http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,899809,00.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081215132322/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,899809,00.html |url-status= dead |archive-date=December 15, 2008 |title=The Wankel Wager |magazine=Time |date=1967-09-08 |access-date=2011-12-11}}</ref> NSU had not produced reliable apex seals on the rotor, though, unlike Mazda and Curtiss-Wright. NSU had problems with apex seals' wear, poor shaft lubrication, and poor fuel economy, leading to frequent engine failures, not solved until 1972, which led to large warranty costs curtailing further NSU rotary engine development. This premature release of the new rotary engine gave a poor reputation for all makes, and even when these issues were solved in the last engines produced by NSU in the second half of the '70s, sales did not recover.<ref name="JhYt4Sa"/>

By early 1978, Audi engineers Richard van Basshuysen and Gottlieb Wilmers had designed a new generation of the Audi NSU Wankel engine, the KKM 871. It was a two-rotor unit with a chamber volume V<sub>k</sub> of 746.6&nbsp;cm<sup>3</sup>, derived from an eccentricity of 17&nbsp;mm, a generating radius of 118.5&nbsp;mm, and equidistance of 4&nbsp;mm and a housing width of 69&nbsp;mm. It had double side intake ports, and a peripheral exhaust port; it was fitted with a continuously injecting [[Bosch K-Jetronic]] multipoint [[manifold injection]] system. According to the DIN 70020 standard, it produced 121&nbsp;kW at 6500 rpm, and could provide a max. torque of 210&nbsp;N·m at 3500 rpm.<ref name="Van Basshuysen Wilmers 1978 p. 3"/> Van Basshuysen and Wilmers designed the engine with either a thermal reactor, or a catalytic converter for emissions control.<ref name="Van Basshuysen Wilmers 1978 p. 3">{{cite conference |last1=Van Basshuysen |first1=Richard |last2=Wilmers |first2=Gottlieb |title=SAE Technical Paper Series |chapter=An Update of the Development on the New Audi NSU Rotary Engine Generation |publisher=SAE International |date=1978-02-01 |volume=1 |issn=0148-7191 |doi=10.4271/780418 |page=3}}</ref> The engine had a mass of 142&nbsp;kg,<ref name="Van Basshuysen Wilmers 1978 p. 3"/> and a BSFC of approximately 315&nbsp;g/(kW·h) at 3000 rpm and a BMEP of 900&nbsp;kPa.<ref name="Van Basshuysen Wilmers 1978 p. 11">{{cite conference |last1=Van Basshuysen |first1=Richard |last2=Wilmers |first2=Gottlieb |title=SAE Technical Paper Series |chapter=An Update of the Development on the New Audi NSU Rotary Engine Generation |publisher=SAE International |date=1978-02-01 |volume=1 |issn=0148-7191 |doi=10.4271/780418 |page=11}}</ref> For testing, two KKM&nbsp;871 engines were installed in [[Audi 100#Audi 100, 200 and 5000 (C2, 1976–1982)|Audi 100 Type 43]] test cars, one with a five-speed manual gearbox, and one with a three-speed automatic gearbox.<ref name="Van Basshuysen Wilmers 1978 p. 16">{{cite conference |last1=Van Basshuysen |first1=Richard |last2=Wilmers |first2=Gottlieb |title=SAE Technical Paper Series |chapter=An Update of the Development on the New Audi NSU Rotary Engine Generation |publisher=SAE International |date=1978-02-01 |volume=1 |issn=0148-7191 |doi=10.4271/780418 |page=16}}</ref>

===Mazda===
Mazda claimed to have solved the apex seal problem, operating test engines at high speed for 300 hours without failure.<ref name="JhYt4Sa"/> After years of development, [[Mazda Wankel engine|Mazda's first rotary engine]] car was the 1967 [[Mazda Cosmo|Cosmo 110S]]. The company followed with several Wankel ("rotary" in the company's terminology) vehicles, including a [[Mazda Parkway|bus]] and a [[Mazda Rotary Pickup|pickup truck]]. Customers often cited the cars' smoothness of operation. However, Mazda chose a method to comply with [[hydrocarbon]] [[emission standard]]s which, while less expensive to produce, increased fuel consumption.

Mazda later abandoned the rotary in most of their automotive designs, continuing to use the engine in their [[sports car]] range only. The company normally used two-rotor designs. A more advanced twin-[[Turbocharger|turbo]] three-rotor engine was fitted in the 1990 [[Mazda Cosmo#Series JC (Eunos Cosmo, 1990–1996)|Eunos Cosmo]] sports car. In 2003, Mazda introduced the [[Renesis (Engine)|Renesis]] engine fitted in the [[Mazda RX-8|RX-8]]. The Renesis engine relocated the ports for exhaust from the periphery of the rotary housing to the sides, allowing for larger overall ports, and better airflow.<ref name="Qbqnp">Masaki Ohkubo et al., SAE paper 2004-01-1790</ref> The Renesis is capable of {{cvt|238|hp|sigfig=3|order=flip}} with improved fuel economy, reliability, and lower emissions than prior Mazda rotary engines,<ref name="cBaLx">{{cite web|url=http://www.classicmazda.co.uk/1999_doc/rotary2.pdf |title=Rotary Engine (chapter 1: today and tomorrow) |publisher=Mazda |pages=6–7 |year=1999 |access-date=2011-12-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100705061356/http://classicmazda.co.uk/1999_doc/rotary2.pdf |archive-date=July 5, 2010}}</ref> all from a nominal 2.6&nbsp;L displacement, but this was not enough to meet more stringent emissions standards. Mazda ended production of their rotary engine in 2012 after the engine failed to meet the more stringent [[European emission standards|Euro 5 emission standards]], leaving no automotive company selling a rotary-powered road vehicle until 2023.<ref name="CGHhL">{{cite news|url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-06-25/mazda-ends-hummm-as-rotary-gives-way-to-hydrogen-cells-cars.html |title=Mazda Ends Hummm as Rotary Gives Way to Hydrogen Cells: Cars |first1=Anna |last1=Mukai |access-date=2012-06-26 |date=2012-06-25 |work=Bloomberg}}</ref>

Mazda launched the [[Mazda MX-30|MX-30 R-EV]] hybrid fitted with a Wankel engine range extender in March 2023.<ref name="capomazda.com"/> The Wankel engine has no direct connection to the wheels serving only to charge the battery. It is a single-rotor unit with a {{cvt|830|cm3|in3|1}} engine with a rated power output of {{cvt|55|kW|hp|0}}. The engine has [[petrol direct injection]], [[exhaust gas recirculation]], and an exhaust-gas treatment system with a [[Three-way catalyst]] and a [[Diesel particulate filter|particulate filter]]. The engine is Euro 6d-ISC-FCM-compliant.<ref name="auto motor und sport 2023">{{cite web |title=Mazda MX-30 e-Skyactiv R-EV (2023) : Elektro-SUV mit Wankelmotor als Range Extender |website=auto-motor-und-sport.de |first1=Gerd |last1=Stegmaier |first2=Thiemo |last2=Fleck |first3=Torsten |last3=Seibt| date=2023-01-13 |url=https://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/neuheiten/mazda-mx-30-bev-wankel-generator-serieller-plug-in-hybrid/ |language=de |access-date=2023-01-15}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.insidemazda.co.uk/2023/10/11/mazda-mx-30-e-skyactiv-r-ev-the-plug-in-hybrid-that-always-drives-electric/|title=Mazda MX-30 e-Skyactiv R-EV the plug-in hybrid that always drives electric &#124; Inside Mazda}}</ref>

===Citroën===
Citroën did much research, producing the [[Citroën M35|M35]] and [[Citroën GS Birotor|GS Birotor]] cars, and the {{Interlanguage link|Citroën RE-2|fr|3=Citroën RE-2|lt=RE-2}} [[helicopter]], using engines produced by [[Comotor]], a joint venture by Citroën and NSU.

===Daimler-Benz===
Daimler-Benz fitted a Wankel engine in their [[Mercedes-Benz C111|C111]] concept car. The C&nbsp;111-II's engine was naturally aspirated, fitted with petrol direct injection, and had four rotors. The total displacement was {{convert|4.8|L|cuin|abbr=in}}, and the compression ration was 9.3:1 It provided a maximum torque of {{cvt|433|Nm|kpm|0}} at 5,000{{nbsp}}rpm and a power output of {{cvt|350|PS|kW|order=flip|0}} at 6,000{{nbsp}}rpm.<ref name="Dobler 2000 pp. 440–442"/>

===American Motors===
[[American Motors Corporation]] (AMC) was so convinced "...&nbsp;that the rotary engine will play an important role as a powerplant for cars and trucks of the future&nbsp;...", that the chairman, [[Roy D. Chapin Jr.]], signed an agreement in February 1973 after a year's negotiations, to build rotary engines for both passenger cars and military vehicles, and the right to sell any rotary engines it produced to other companies.<ref name="D1JXj">{{cite magazine |url= http://wardsautoworld.com/ar/auto_rearview_mirror_15/ |title=Rearview mirror |magazine=Ward's Auto World |date=2000-02-01 |access-date=2013-04-10 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111105205047/http://wardsautoworld.com/ar/auto_rearview_mirror_15/ |archive-date=2011-11-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="4aVPu">{{cite book |last1=Faith |first1=Nicholas |title=Wankel: The Curious Story Behind the Revolutionary Rotary Engine |publisher=Stein and Day |year=1975 |page= [https://archive.org/details/wankelcurioussto00fait/page/219 219] |isbn=978-0-8128-1719-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/wankelcurioussto00fait/page/219}}</ref> AMC's president, William Luneburg, did not expect dramatic development through to 1980, but [[Gerald C. Meyers]], AMC's vice president of the engineering product group, suggested that AMC should buy the engines from Curtiss-Wright before developing its own rotary engines, and predicted a total transition to rotary power by 1984.<ref name="EylYW">{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=IB2lMFqTTl8C&q=American+Motors+president+1980+Wankel+engine&pg=PA115 |title=The Wankel Rotary Engine: A History |first1=John B. |last1=Hege |date=24 August 2017 |publisher=McFarland |via=Google Books |access-date=2018-05-04|isbn=9780786486588}}</ref>

Plans called for the engine to be used in the [[AMC Pacer]], but development was pushed back.<ref name="N9680">{{cite magazine |first1=Robert |last1=Lund |title=Detroit Listening Post |page=26 |magazine=Popular Mechanics |date=May 1973 |volume=139 |issue=5 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=htQDAAAAMBAJ&q=AMC+Gremlin+Wankel+engine&pg=PA26 |access-date=2012-08-14}}</ref><ref name="AyqBG">{{cite magazine|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bOU8TD_BxwMC&q=AMC+Gremlin+Wankel+engine&pg=PA32 |first1=Jim |last1=Dunne |title=Detroit Report |magazine=Popular Science |page=32 |date=April 1973 |volume=201 |issue=4 |access-date=2011-12-11}}</ref> American Motors designed the unique Pacer around the engine. By 1974, AMC had decided to purchase the [[General Motors Rotary Combustion Engine|General Motors]] (GM) rotary instead of building an engine in-house.<ref name="pkgwv">{{cite magazine |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=g-IDAAAAMBAJ&q=AMC+Pacer+Wankel+engine&pg=PA129 |title=Half-pints for higher MPG |page=129 |magazine=Popular Mechanics |date=January 1975 |volume=143 |issue=1 |first1=Bill |last1=Hartford |first2=Robert |last2=Lund |access-date=2011-12-11}}</ref> Both GM and AMC confirmed the relationship would be beneficial in marketing the new engine, with AMC claiming that the GM rotary achieved good fuel economy.<ref name="1OYME">{{cite magazine|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ndQDAAAAMBAJ&q=Rotary+no+gas+hog+AMC&pg=PA27 |page=27 |title=Detroit Listening Post: Rotary is no gas hog, says AMC |first1=Robert |last1=Lund |magazine=Popular Mechanics |date=December 1974 |volume=142 |issue=6 |access-date=2012-08-14}}</ref> GM's engines had not reached production when the Pacer was launched onto the market. The [[1973 oil crisis]] played a part in frustrating the use of the rotary engine. Rising fuel prices and speculation about proposed US emission standards legislation also increased concerns.

===General Motors===
At its annual meeting in May 1973, General Motors unveiled the Wankel engine it planned to use in the [[Chevrolet Vega]].<ref name=regupunv>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dgQrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0pcFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2887%2C3398436 |work=Reading Eagle |agency=UPI |title=GM unveils rotary engine |date=May 27, 1973 |page=3}}</ref> By 1974, GM R&D had not succeeded in producing a Wankel engine meeting both the emission requirements and good fuel economy, leading to a decision by the company to cancel the project. Because of that decision, the R&D team only partly released the results of its most recent research, which claimed to have solved the fuel-economy problem and built reliable engines with a lifespan above {{convert|530,000|mi}}. Those findings were not taken into account when the cancellation order was issued. The ending of GM's rotary project required AMC, who was to purchase the engine, to reconfigure the Pacer to house its [[AMC straight-6 engine]] driving the rear wheels.<ref name="RTINh">{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=fJ_qWhCZm04C&q=AMC+Pacer+Wankel+six+cylinder&pg=PA122 |title=The Big Book of Car Culture: The Armchair Guide to Automotive Americana |first1=Jim |last1=Hinckley |first2=Jon G. |last2=Robinson |page=122 |publisher=MBI Publishing |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7603-1965-9 |access-date=2011-12-11}}</ref>

===AvtoVAZ===
In 1974, the [[Soviet Union]] created a special engine-design bureau, which, in 1978, designed an engine designated as VAZ-311 fitted into a [[VAZ-2101]] car.<ref name="BLpRB">{{cite web|url= https://drivemag.com/news/did-you-know-lada-made-wankel-rotary-engined-cars |title=Did You Know Lada Made rotary Rotary-Engined Cars? |website=drivemag.com|date=21 March 2017}}</ref> In 1980, the company began delivering the VAZ-411 twin-rotor Wankel engine in [[VAZ-2106]] cars, with about 200 being manufactured. Most of the production went to the security services.<ref name="1paIa">[http://digilander.libero.it/cuoccimix/ENGLISH-automotorusse4(lada2).htm "LADA – part II" Autosoviet, undated], retrieved on September 27, 2008.</ref><ref name="7IBoX">[http://www.zr.ru/articles/39278/ "ЛИНИЯ ЖИЗНИ – ЭПИТРОХОИДА" 01.07.2001] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004024310/http://www.zr.ru/articles/39278/ |date=2008-10-04}}, retrieved on September 27, 2008. {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

===Ford===
Ford conducted research in rotary engines, resulting in patents granted: {{patent|GB|1460229}}, 1974, a method for fabricating housings; {{patent|US|3833321}} 1974, side plates coating; {{patent|US|3890069}}, 1975, housing coating; {{patent|CA|1030743}}, 1978: Housings alignment; {{patent|CA|1045553}}, 1979, reed-valve assembly. In 1972, Henry Ford II stated that the rotary probably would not replace the piston in "my lifetime".<ref name="Y40Pb">{{Cite book |last1=Dark |first1=Harris Edward |year=1974 |title=The Wankel Rotary Engine: Introduction and Guide |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=s5VTAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Indiana University Press |page=80 |isbn=0-253-19021-5 |oclc=59790157}}</ref>

===Car racing===
[[File:Mazda-787B.JPG|thumb|right|'''Figure 23.'''<br/>[[Mazda 787B]] ]]

The Sigma MC74 powered by a Mazda 12A engine was the first engine and only team from outside [[Western Europe]] or the United States to finish the entire 24{{nbsp}}hours of the [[24 Hours of Le Mans]] [[auto racing|race]], in 1974. [[Yojiro Terada]] was the driver of the MC74. Mazda was the first team from outside Western Europe or the United States to win Le Mans outright. It was also the only non-piston engined car to win Le Mans, which the company accomplished in 1991 with their four-rotor [[Mazda 787|787B]] ({{convert |5.24|L|cuin|0|abbr=on|disp=or}} displacement), rated by FIA formula at {{convert|4.708|L|cuin|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}). In the C2 class, all participants had the same amount of fuel. The only exception was the unregulated C1 Category 1. This category only allowed naturally aspirated engines. The Mazdas were classified as naturally aspirated to start with 830&nbsp;kg weight, 170&nbsp;kg less than the supercharged competitors.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chin |first1=Joshua |date=2021-08-22 |title=The Rotary Mazda 787B Won At Le Mans 30 Years Ago |url= https://automacha.com/mazda-787b-achieves-historic-le-mans-victory-in-1991/ |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=automacha.com}}</ref> The cars under the Group C1 Category 1 regulations for 1991 were allowed to be another 80&nbsp;kg lighter than the 787B.<ref>Tare weight Peugeot 905 750kg</ref> In addition, Group C1 Category 1 had only permitted 3.5-liter naturally aspirated engines and had no fuel quantity limits.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Verbrauchsregeln der Gruppe C von 1982 bis 1991 – Motorsport kompakt erklärt |url=https://autonatives.de/verbrauchsregeln-der-gruppe-c-von-1982-bis-1991.html |website=autonatives.de| date=13 June 2021 }}</ref>

===As a vehicle range extender===
[[File:Hybridpeak.svg|thumb|'''Figure 24.'''<br/>Structure of a series-hybrid vehicle. The grey square represents a differential gear. An alternative arrangement (not shown) is to have electric motors at two or four wheels.]]

Due to the compact size and the high [[power-to-weight ratio]] of a Wankel engine, it has been proposed for electric vehicles as [[range extender]]s to provide supplementary power when electric battery levels are low. A Wankel engine used as a generator has packaging, noise, vibration, and harshness advantages when used in a passenger car, maximizing interior passenger and luggage space, as well as providing a good noise and vibration emissions profile. However, it is questionable whether or not the inherent disadvantages of the Wankel engine allow the usage of the Wankel engine as a range extender for passenger cars.<ref name="Merker Teichmann Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 2019 p. 484">{{cite book |last1=Merker |first1=Günter P. |last2=Teichmann |first2=Rüdiger |author3=Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden |title=Grundlagen Verbrennungsmotoren Funktionsweise und alternative Antriebssysteme Verbrennung, Messtechnik und Simulation |place=Wiesbaden, Germany |date=2019 |isbn=978-3-658-23556-7 |oclc=1062240250 |language=de |page=484}}</ref>

In 2010, [[Audi]] unveiled a prototype series-hybrid electric car, the [[Audi A1#A1 e-tron|A1 e-tron]]. It incorporated a Wankel engine with a chamber volume V<sub>k</sub> of 254&nbsp;cm<sup>3</sup>, capable of producing 18&nbsp;kW at 5000 rpm. It was mated to an electric generator, which recharged the car's batteries as needed and provided electricity directly to the electric driving motor. The package had a mass of 70&nbsp;kg and could produce 15&nbsp;kW of electric power.<ref name="Ribau Silva Brito Martins 2012 pp. 120–133">{{cite journal |last1=Ribau |first1=João |last2=Silva |first2=Carla |last3=Brito |first3=Francisco P. |last4=Martins |first4=Jorge |title=Analysis of four-stroke, Wankel, and microturbine based range extenders for electric vehicles |journal=Energy Conversion and Management |publisher=Elsevier BV |volume=58 |year=2012 |issn=0196-8904 |doi=10.1016/j.enconman.2012.01.011 |pages=120–133|bibcode=2012ECM....58..120R }}</ref>

[[File:DEMIO EV 20130126-1.JPG|thumb|'''Figure 25.'''<br/>Mazda2 EV prototype]]

In November 2013, Mazda announced to the motoring press a series-hybrid prototype car, the [[Mazda Demio|Mazda2 EV]], using a Wankel engine as a range extender. The generator engine, located under the rear luggage floor, is a tiny, almost inaudible, single-rotor 330-cc unit, generating {{cvt|30|hp|order=flip}} at 4,500{{nbsp}}rpm and maintaining a continuous electric output of 20&nbsp;kW.<ref>{{cite magazine|first1=Owen |last1=Mildenhall |url= http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/mazda/2/84660/mazda-2-ev-gets-new-rotary-range-extender-engine |title=Mazda 2 EV gets new rotary range extender engine |magazine=Auto Express |date=2013-11-25 |access-date=2014-02-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first1=Toby |last1=Hagon |url= http://news.drive.com.au/drive/new-car-reviews/mazda2-ev-range-extender-first-drive-review-20131125-2y4p3.html |title=Mazda2 EV range extender first drive review |website=[[Drive.com.au]]|date=2012-02-21 |access-date=2014-02-01 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131203003056/http://news.drive.com.au/drive/new-car-reviews/mazda2-ev-range-extender-first-drive-review-20131125-2y4p3.html |archive-date=2013-12-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Xr2Bg">{{cite web|last1=Ingram |first1=Antony |url= http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1088728_rotary-engine-lives-on-in-range-extended-electric-mazda-2-prototype |title=Rotary Engine Lives On In Range-Extended Electric Mazda 2 Prototype |website=greencarreports.com |date=26 November 2013 |access-date=2014-02-01}}</ref>

Mazda introduced the [[Mazda MX-30|MX-30 R-EV]] fitted with a Wankel engine range extender in March 2023.<ref name="capomazda.com"/> The car's Wankel engine is a naturally aspirated single-rotor unit with a chamber volume V<sub>k</sub> of {{cvt|830|cm3|in3|1}}, a compression of 11.9, and a rated power output of {{cvt|55|kW|hp|0}}. It has [[petrol direct injection]], [[exhaust gas recirculation]], and an exhaust-gas treatment system with a [[Three-way catalyst|TWC]] and a [[Diesel particulate filter|particulate filter]]. According to ''[[auto motor und sport]]'', the engine is Euro 6d-ISC-FCM-compliant.<ref name="auto motor und sport 2023"/><ref name="auto1"/>