Editing Chuvash language (section)

==== Non-finite verb forms ====
Some of the non-finite verb forms are:<ref>Павлов (2017: 250)</ref>

I. '''Attributive participles'''

# Present participle: -акан (вӗренекен 'studying' or 'being studied'); the negative form is the same as that of the past participle (see below);
# Past participle: -н(ӑ) (курнӑ 'which has seen' or 'which has been seen'); the final vowel disappears in the negative (курман)
# Future participle: -ас (каяс 'who will go')
# Present participle expressing a permanent characteristic: -ан (вӗҫен 'flying')
# Present participle expressing pretence: -анҫи, -иш
# Necessitative participle: -малла (пулмалла 'who must become'); the negative is formed by adding the enclitic мар
# Satisfaction participle: -малӑх (вуламалӑх 'which is enough to be read')
# Potentiality participle: -и (ути 'which can go')<ref name=":2">Róna-Tas (1997: 5)</ref>

The suffix -и may be added to participles to form a verbal noun: ҫыр-нӑ; 'written' > ҫыр-н-и 'writing'.

II. '''Adverbial participles ([[converb]]s)'''<ref name=":0" />

# -са (default: doing, having done, while about to do')<ref name=":2" /> (-сар after a negative suffix)
# -а 'doing Y' (the verb form is usually reduplicated)
# -нӑҫем(-ен) 'the more the subject does Y': 
# -уҫӑн 'while doing Y'
# -сан 'having done Y', 'if the subject does Y'
# -нӑранпа 'after/since having done Y'
# -массерен 'whenever the subject does Y'
# -иччен 'before/until doing Y'

III. '''Infinitives'''

The suffixes -ма and -машкӑн form infinitives.

There are many verbal '''periphrastic constructions''' using the non-finite forms, including:
# a habitual past using the present participle and expressing periodicity (эпĕ вулакан-ччĕ, lit. 'I was [a] reading [one]');
# an alternative pluperfect using the past participle (эпĕ чĕннĕ-ччĕ, lit. 'I [was] one that had called'; negated by using the negatively conjugated participle эпĕ чĕнмен-ччĕ);
# a general present equal to the present participle (эпĕ  ҫыракан, lit. 'I [am a] writing [one]'; negated with the enclitic мар), 
# an alternative future expressing certainty and equal to the future participle (эпĕ илес 'I [am] one who will get'; negated with an encliticised ҫук),
# a necessitative future using the necessitative participle (ман/эпĕ тарант(ар)малла 'I [am] one who must feed'; negated with мар), 
# a second desiderative future expressing a wish and using the converb in -сан (эпĕ ҫĕнтерсен-ччĕ, 'I wish I'd win'), 
# another desiderative form expressing a wish for the future and using the future participle followed by -чĕ (эпĕ пĕлес-чĕ 'I wish/hope I know', negated by мар with an encliticised -ччĕ).<ref>Павлов 2017: 261-307</ref>