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Deep brain stimulation
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=== Chronic pain === Stimulation of the [[periaqueductal gray]] and [[Periventricular nucleus|periventricular gray]] for [[Pain#Nociceptive|nociceptive pain]], and the [[internal capsule]], [[ventral posterolateral nucleus]], and [[ventral posteromedial nucleus]] for [[Pain#Nociceptive|neuropathic pain]] has produced impressive results with some people, but results vary. One study<ref name="Young">{{cite journal |vauthors=Young RF, Brechner T |date=March 1986 |title=Electrical stimulation of the brain for relief of intractable pain due to cancer |journal=Cancer |volume=57 |issue=6 |pages=1266β1272 |doi=10.1002/1097-0142(19860315)57:6<1266::aid-cncr2820570634>3.0.co;2-q |pmid=3484665 |s2cid=41929961 |doi-access=}}</ref> of 17 people with intractable cancer pain found that 13 were virtually pain-free and only four required opioid analgesics on release from hospital after the intervention. Most ultimately did resort to opioids, usually in the last few weeks of life.<ref name="Johnson">{{cite book |title=Clinical pain management: Cancer pain |vauthors=Johnson MI, Oxberry SG, Robb K |publisher=Hodder Arnold |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-340-94007-5 |editor=Sykes N, Bennett MI & Yuan C-S |edition=2nd |location=London |pages=235β250 |chapter=Stimulation-induced analgesia}}</ref> DBS has also been applied for [[phantom limb pain]].<ref>{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Kringelbach ML, Jenkinson N, Green AL, Owen SL, Hansen PC, Cornelissen PL, Holliday IE, Stein J, Aziz TZ |date=February 2007 |title=Deep brain stimulation for chronic pain investigated with magnetoencephalography |journal=NeuroReport |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=223β228 |citeseerx=10.1.1.511.2667 |doi=10.1097/wnr.0b013e328010dc3d |pmid=17314661 |s2cid=7091307}}</ref>
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