Editing Environmental racism (section)

=== Europe ===
{{Main|Environmental racism in Europe}}
{{See also|Environmental racism in Western Europe|Environmental racism in Central and Eastern Europe}}

==== Eastern Europe ====
Predominantly living in Central and [[Eastern Europe]], with pockets of communities in the [[Americas]] and [[Middle East]], the ethnic [[Romani people]] have been subjected to environmental exclusion. Often referred to as gypsies or the gypsy threat, the Romani people of Eastern Europe mostly live under the poverty line in [[shanty town]]s or [[slum]]s.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Loveland|first1=Matthew T.|last2=Popescu|first2=Delia|date=25 July 2016|title=The Gypsy Threat Narrative|journal=[[Humanity & Society]]|location=Thousand Oaks, California|publisher=[[SAGE Publications]]|volume=40|issue=3|pages=329–352|doi=10.1177/0160597615601715|issn=0160-5976|s2cid=146701798}}</ref> Facing issues such as long term exposure to harmful toxins given their locations to waste dumps and industrial plants, along with being refused environmental assistance like clean water and sanitation, the Romani people have been facing racism via environmental means. Many countries such has [[Romania]], [[Bulgaria]] and [[Hungary]] have tried to implement environmental protection initiatives across their respected countries; however, most have failed due to "addressing the conditions of Roma communities have been framed through an ethnic lens as "Roma issues".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Harper|first1=Krista|last2=Steger|first2=Tamara|last3=Filcak|first3=Richard|date=July 2009|title=Environmental Justice and Roma Communities in Central and Eastern Europe|url=https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1004&context=anthro_faculty_pubs|website=ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst}}</ref> Only recently has some form of environmental justice for the Romani people come to light. Seeking environmental justice in Europe, the Environmental Justice Program is now working with human rights organizations to help fight environmental racism.

It is important to note that in the "Discrimination in the EU in 2009" report, conducted by the European Commission, "64% of citizens with Roma friends believe discrimination is widespread, compared to 61% of citizens without Roma friends."<ref>{{cite web|date=November 2009|title=Discrimination in the EU in 2009|url=https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/archives/ebs/ebs_317_sum_en.pdf|website=Europa}}</ref>

==== France ====
Exporting toxic wastes to countries in the Global South is one form of environmental racism that occurs on an international basis. In one alleged instance, in 2006, the French aircraft carrier [[Clemenceau (R 98)|Clemenceau]] was prohibited from entering [[Alang]], an [[India]]n ship-breaking yard, due to a lack of clear documentation about its toxic contents. French President [[Jacques Chirac]] ultimately ordered the carrier, which contained tons of hazardous materials including [[asbestos]] and [[Polychlorinated biphenyl|PCB]]s, to return to [[France]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Ahmed|first=Zubair|date=6 January 2006|title=Stay out, India tells toxic ship|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4588922.stm|access-date=6 November 2012}}</ref>

==== United Kingdom ====
{{For|information on environmental inequality in the United Kingdom|Environmental inequality in the United Kingdom}}
In the UK environmental racism (or also climate racism) has been called out by multiple action groups such as the Wretched of the Earth call out letter<ref>{{cite web|title=Open Letter from the Wretched of the Earth bloc to the organisers of the People's Climate March of Justice and Jobs {{!}} Reclaim the Power|url=https://reclaimthepower.org.uk/news/open-letter-from-wretched-of-the-earth-bloc-to-organisers-of-peoples-climate-march/|access-date=4 March 2019|website=reclaimthepower.org.uk|date=17 January 2016 }}</ref> in 2015 and Black Lives Matter in 2016.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Black Lives Matter Activists Shut Down London City Airport|url=https://time.com/4479755/london-city-airport-protest-shutdown-black-lives-matter/|access-date=4 March 2019|magazine=Time|language=en}}</ref>