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Face perception
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===Associated difficulties=== Autism often manifests in weakened social ability, due to decreased eye contact, [[joint attention]], interpretation of emotional expression, and communicative skills.<ref name=Triesch>{{cite journal|last1=Triesch|first1=Jochen|last2=Teuscher|first2=Christof|last3=Deak|first3=Gedeon O.|last4=Carlson|first4=Eric|title=Gaze following: Why (not) learn it?|journal=Developmental Science|year=2006|volume=9|issue=2|pages=125β157|doi=10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00470.x|pmid=16472311|url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8fm3k5xc|access-date=5 February 2019|archive-date=9 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009001822/http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fm3k5xc|url-status=live}}</ref> These deficiencies can be seen in infants as young as nine months.<ref name="Dawson" /> Some experts use 'face avoidance' to describe how infants who are later diagnosed with autism preferentially attend to non-face objects.<ref name="tanakabook" /> Furthermore, some have proposed that autistic children's difficulty in grasping the emotional content of faces is the result of a general inattentiveness to facial expression, and not an incapacity to process emotional information in general.<ref name="tanakabook" /> The constraints are viewed to cause impaired social engagement.<ref name="Volkmar">{{cite journal|last1=Volkmar|first1=Fred|last2=Chawarska|first2=Kasia|last3=Klin|first3=Ami|title=Autism in infancy and early childhood|journal=Annual Review of Psychology|year=2005|volume=56|pages=315β6|doi=10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070159|pmid=15709938}}</ref> Furthermore, research suggests a link between decreased face processing abilities in individuals with autism and later deficits in [[Theory of Mind|theory of mind]]. While typically developing individuals are able to relate others' emotional expressions to their actions, individuals with autism do not demonstrate this skill to the same extent.<ref name="grosbois">{{cite book|last1=Nader-Grosbois|first1=N.|last2=Day|first2=J.M.|editor1=Matson, J.L.|editor2=Sturmey, R.|title=International handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders|year=2011|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|location=New York|isbn=9781441980649|pages=127β157|chapter=Emotional cognition: theory of mind and face recognition}}</ref> This causation, however, resembles the [[chicken or the egg]] dispute. Some theorize that social impairment leads to perceptual problems.<ref name=Grelotti/> In this perspective, a biological lack of social interest inhibits facial recognition due to under-use.<ref name=Grelotti/>
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