Editing Highest averages method (section)

== Modifications ==
=== Thresholds ===
{{Main|Electoral threshold}}
Many countries have electoral thresholds for representation, where parties must win a specified fraction of the vote in order to be represented; parties with fewer votes than the threshold requires for representation are eliminated.<ref name="Pukelsheim-2017-8" /> Other countries modify the first divisor to introduce a ''natural threshold''; when using the Webster method, the first divisor is often set to 0.7 or 1.0 (the latter being called the ''full-seat modification'').<ref name="Pukelsheim-2017-8" />

=== Majority-preservation clause ===
A majority-preservation clause guarantees any party winning a majority of the vote will receive at least half the seats in a legislature.<ref name="Pukelsheim-2017-8" /> Without such a clause, it is possible for a party with slightly more than half the vote to receive just barely less than half the seats (if using a method other than D'Hondt).<ref name="Pukelsheim-2017-8" /> This is typically accomplished by adding seats to the legislature until an apportionment that preserves the majority for a parliament is found.<ref name="Pukelsheim-2017-8" />

=== Quota-capped divisor method ===
{{Main|Rank-index method#Quota-capped divisor method}}

A ''quota-capped divisor method'' is an apportionment method where we begin by assigning every state its lower quota of seats. Then, we add seats one-by-one to the state with the highest votes-per-seat average, so long as adding an additional seat does not result in the state exceeding its upper quota.<ref name="Balinski-1975" /> However, quota-capped divisor methods violate the [[participation criterion]] (also called [[population monotonicity]])—it is possible for a party to ''lose'' a seat as a result of winning ''more'' votes.<ref name="Balinski-1982" />{{Rp|Tbl.A7.2}}