Editing Light pollution (section)

==Remediation==

[[Energy conservation]] advocates contend that light pollution must be addressed by changing the [[Habituation|habit]]s of society,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ramírez |first1=Francisco |last2=Cordón |first2=Yago |last3=García |first3=Diego |last4=Rodríguez |first4=Airam |last5=Coll |first5=Marta |last6=Davis |first6=Lloyd S. |last7=Chiaradia |first7=Andre |last8=Carrasco |first8=Josep L. |date=15 August 2023 |title=Large-scale human celebrations increase global light pollution |journal=People and Nature |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=1552–1560 |bibcode=2023PeoNa...5.1552R |doi=10.1002/pan3.10520 |s2cid=261041024 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free |hdl=10261/334494}}</ref> so that lighting is used more [[lighting efficiency|efficiently]], with less waste and less creation of unwanted or unneeded illumination. <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=de Vries |first1=Peter |last2=Aarts |first2=Henk |last3=Midden |first3=Cees J. H. |date=2011-01-12 |title=Changing Simple Energy-Related Consumer Behaviors |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916510369630 |journal=Environment and Behavior |volume=43 |issue=5 |pages=612–633 |doi=10.1177/0013916510369630 |bibcode=2011EnvBe..43..612D |issn=0013-9165|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Several industry groups <ref>{{Cite web |title=Light Pollution Education and Advocacy |url=https://www.nightskyresourcecenter.org/light-pollution-educational-and-advocacy |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=Night Sky Resource Center |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423233012/https://www.nightskyresourcecenter.org/light-pollution-educational-and-advocacy |url-status=live }}</ref> also recognize light pollution as an important issue. For example, the Institution of Lighting Engineers in the United Kingdom provides its members with information about light pollution, the problems it causes, and how to reduce its impact.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070212032719/http://www.ile.org.uk/index.php?page=pollution Light Nuisance]. Institution of Light Engineers</ref> Research in 2017 suggested that [[Efficient energy use|energy efficiency]] may not be enough to reduce the light pollution because of the [[Rebound effect (conservation)|rebound effect]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kyba |first1=Christopher C. M. |last2=Kuester |first2=Theres |last3=Sánchez de Miguel |first3=Alejandro |last4=Baugh |first4=Kimberly |last5=Jechow |first5=Andreas |last6=Hölker |first6=Franz |last7=Bennie |first7=Jonathan |last8=Elvidge |first8=Christopher D. |last9=Gaston |first9=Kevin J. |last10=Guanter |first10=Luis |date=22 November 2017 |title=Artificially lit surface of Earth at night increasing in radiance and extent |url=https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/handle/10871/30020 |journal=Science Advances |volume=3 |issue=11 |pages=e1701528 |bibcode=2017SciA....3E1528K |doi=10.1126/sciadv.1701528 |pmc=5699900 |pmid=29181445 |access-date=22 February 2018 |archive-date=24 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124101647/https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/handle/10871/30020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Light levels can be quantified by field measurement or [[mathematical model]]ing, the results of which are typically rendered in [[isophote]] maps or light [[contour line|contour map]]s. To deal with light pollution, authorities have taken a variety of measures depending on the interests, beliefs, and understandings of the society involved. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pothukuchi |first=Kameshwari |date=2021 |title=City Light or Star Bright: A Review of Urban Light Pollution, Impacts, and Planning Implications |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0885412220986421 |journal=Journal of Planning Literature |language=en |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=155–169 |doi=10.1177/0885412220986421 |issn=0885-4122 |access-date=2024-04-09 |archive-date=2024-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409150918/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0885412220986421 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> These measures range from doing nothing at all to implementing strict laws and regulations specifying how lights may be installed and used.