Editing MOSFET (section)

===Higher subthreshold conduction===
As MOSFET geometries shrink, the voltage that can be applied to the gate must be reduced to maintain reliability. To maintain performance, the threshold voltage of the MOSFET has to be reduced as well. As threshold voltage is reduced, the transistor cannot be switched from complete turn-off to complete turn-on with the limited voltage swing available; the circuit design is a compromise between strong current in the ''on'' case and low current in the ''off'' case, and the application determines whether to favor one over the other. Subthreshold leakage (including subthreshold conduction, gate-oxide leakage and reverse-biased junction leakage), which was ignored in the past, now can consume upwards of half of the total power consumption of modern high-performance VLSI chips.<ref name=Roy>{{ cite book | first1 =Kaushik|last1=Roy |first2=Kiat Seng|last2=Yeo | title=Low Voltage, Low Power VLSI Subsystems | year = 2004 | page = Fig. 2.1, p. 44, Fig. 1.1, p. 4 | publisher = McGraw-Hill Professional | isbn = 978-0-07-143786-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jXm4pNxCSCYC&pg=PA4 | no-pp = true }}</ref><ref name=Goodnick>{{ cite book | first1 =Dragica|last1=Vasileska |author1-link=Dragica Vasileska|first2=Stephen|last2=Goodnick | title=Computational Electronics | year = 2006 | page = 103 | publisher = Morgan & Claypool | isbn = 978-1-59829-056-1 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DBPnzqy5Fd8C&pg=PA103 }}</ref>