Editing Man in the Iron Mask (section)

==In popular culture==
===Literature===
In addition to being the subject of scholarly research carried out by historians, the Man in the Iron Mask inspired literary works of fiction, many of which elaborate on the legend of the prisoner being a twin brother of Louis XIV, such as Alexandre Dumas's popular novel, ''Le Vicomte de Bragelonne'' (1850).{{efn|name=dumas}}{{sfn|Mongrédien|1961|pp=232–233}}{{sfn|Petitfils|2004|pp=287–288}}

====Novels====
* Mouhy, Charles de Fieux, Chevalier de, (1747). ''Le Masque de Fer ou les Aventures admirables du Père et du Fils''. The Hague: Pierre de Hondt.
* [[Jean-Joseph Regnault-Warin|Regnault-Warin, Jean-Joseph]] (1804). ''L'Homme Au Masque de Fer'', 4 vol. in-12. Paris: Frechet.
* Guénard Brossin de Méré, Élisabeth (1821). ''Histoire de l'Homme Au Masque de Fer, ou les Illustres Jumeaux'', 4 vol. Paris: Lebègue.
* Dumas, Alexandre (1848–1850). ''Le Vicomte de Bragelonne, ou Vingt ans plus tard'', 19 vol. Paris: Michel Lévy.   
* Letourneur, L. (1849). ''Histoire de l'Homme au masque de fer''. Nancy.
* Leynadier, Camille (1857). ''Le Masque de fer''. Paris.  
* Meynaud, Joachim (1869) [1st pub. 1858]. ''Le Masque de fer, journal de sa captivité à Sainte-Marguerite''. Nancy: Wagner.  
* Robville de, T. (1865). ''L'Homme au masque de fer ou Les Deux Jumeaux''. Paris.
* Koenig, E. A. (1873). ''L'Homme au masque de fer, ou le somnambule de Paris''. Zurich: Robert.
* [[Octave Féré|Féré, Octave]] (1876). ''L'Homme au masque de fer''. Paris.
* [[Fortuné du Boisgobey|Du Boisgobey, Fortuné]] (1878). ''Les deux merles de M. de Saint-Mars''. Paris: E. Dentu.
* Ladoucette, Edmond (1910). ''Le Masque de fer''. Paris: A. Fayard.
* [[Paul Féval, fils|Féval (fils), Paul]]; Lassez, Michel (1928). ''L'évasion du masque de fer''. Paris: A. Fayard.
* [[Renée Dunan|Dunan, Renée]] (1929). ''Le masque de fer ou l'amour prisonnier''. Paris: Bibliothèque des Curieux.
* [[Arthur Bernède|Bernède, Arthur]] (1930). ''L'Homme au masque de fer''. Paris: Éditions Tallandier.
* Kerleck de, Jean (1931) [1st pub. 1927]. ''La Maîtresse du Masque de Fer''. Paris: Baudinière.
* Refreger, Omer (alias [[Léo Malet]]) (1945). ''L'Évasion du Masque de fer''. Paris: Les Éditions et Revues Françaises.
* Masini de, Clément (1964). ''La Plus dramatique énigme du 18ème siècle : la véritable histoire de l'homme au masque de fer''. Paris: Édition du Scorpion.
* Cyrille (1966). ''Masques de fer''. Paris: Éditions Alsatia.
* Desprat, Jean-Paul (1991). ''Le Secret des Bourbons''. Paris: André Balland. {{ISBN|978-2-7158-0835-5}}.
* Dufreigne, Jean-Pierre (1993). ''Le Dernier Amour d'Aramis''. Paris: Grasset. {{ISBN|978-2-2464-2821-3}}.
* Benzoni, Juliette (1998). ''Secret d'État, tome III, Le Prisonnier masqué''. Paris: Plon. {{ISBN|978-2-2591-8590-5}}.

====Plays====
[[File:Albert Morrow - The Man in the Iron Mask.jpg|thumb|230px|right|upright|<div style="text-align: center">[[Albert Morrow]]'s poster for Max Goldberg's play at the London [[Adelphi theatre]], starring [[Norman Forbes-Robertson|Norman Forbes]] (1899).</div>]]
* Arnould (1790). ''L'Homme au masque de fer ou le Souterrain''. Pantomime in four acts, performed at the ''[[Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique]]'' on 7 January 1790.
* Le Grand, Jérôme (1791). ''Louis XIV et le Masque de fer ou Les Princes jumeaux''. Tragedy in five acts and in verse, first performed at the ''[[:fr:Théâtre Molière (Paris)|Théâtre Molière]]'' in Paris on 24 September 1791.
* Arnould & Fournier (1831). ''L'Homme au masque de fer''. Drama in five acts, performed at the ''[[Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe#Third theatre|Théâtre de l'Odéon]]'' on 3 August 1831.
* [[Thomas James Serle|Serle, Thomas James]] (1832). ''The Man in the Iron Mask : an historical play in five acts''. First performed at the [[Royal Coburg Theatre]], 1832.{{sfn|Serle|1830s}}{{sfn|Ledger|1869}}
* [[Victor Hugo|Hugo, Victor]] (1839). ''Les Jumeaux''. Unfinished drama. Paris, 1884.
* Dumas, Alexandre (1861). ''Le Prisonnier de la Bastille''. Drama in five acts, first performed at the ''[[Cirque Olympique#Cirque Olympique on the Boulevard du Temple|Théâtre du Cirque Impérial]]'' on 22 March 1861.
* Maurevert, Georges (1884). ''Le Masque de fer''. Fantasy in one act. Paris.
* [https://theatricalia.com/person/enq/max-goldberg Max Goldberg] (1899). ''The Man in the Iron Mask''. Performed at the London [[Adelphi Theatre]], 11 March–20 May 1899 (68 perf.). The cast included [[Norman Forbes-Robertson|Norman Forbes]], [[Valli Valli]], and [[William L. Abingdon]].{{sfn|Cady|Nelson|Cross|2016}}
* Villia (1909). ''L'Homme au masque de fer''. Drama in three acts, preceded by a historical review of recent works. Paris.
* [[Maurice Rostand|Rostand, Maurice]] (1923). ''Le Masque de fer''. Play in four acts and in verse, first performed at the ''[[Théâtre Mogador#History|Théâtre Cora Laparcerie]]'' on 1 October 1923.
* Richter, Charles de (1955). ''Le Masque de fer''. Comedy in one act. Toulon.

====Poems====
* [[Alfred de Vigny|Vigny, Alfred de]], (1821). ''La Prison'', in ''Poèmes antiques et modernes'' (1826). Paris: Urbain Canel.
* Quinet, Benoît (1837). ''Derniers moments de l'Homme au masque de fer''. Dramatic poem. Bruxelles: Hauman, Cattoir et Cie.
* Leconte, Sebastien-Charles (1911). ''Le Masque de fer''. Paris: Mercure de France.

===Music===
* [[John St John (died 1793)|John St John]] (1789). ''The Island of St. Marguerite'' (Opera).{{sfn|George|1938}}
* [[Hugo Riesenfeld]] (1929). Soundtrack of the film ''[[The Iron Mask]]''.
* [[Lud Gluskin]] & [[Lucien Moraweck]] (1939). Soundtrack of the film ''[[The Man in the Iron Mask (1939 film)|The Man in the Iron Mask]]''.
* [[Allyn Ferguson]] (1977). Soundtrack of the film ''[[The Man in the Iron Mask (1977 film)|The Man in the Iron Mask]]''.
* [[Billy Bragg]] (1983). "The Man in the Iron Mask" (Song), in ''[[Life's a Riot with Spy vs Spy]]''.
* [[Paul Young]] (1985). "The Man in the Iron Mask" (Song), in ''[[The Secret of Association]]''.
* [[Nick Glennie-Smith]] (1998). Soundtrack of the film ''[[The Man in the Iron Mask (1998 film)#Soundtrack|The Man in the Iron Mask]]''.
* [[Heartland (band)|Heartland]] (2002). "The Man in the Iron Mask" (Song), in ''Communication Down''.{{sfn|Rock Report|2002}}
* Samurai Of Prog (2023). ''The Man in the Iron Mask'' (Album).{{sfn|Neudorf|2024}}

===Film and television===
[[File:Ironmaskposter.jpg|thumb|230px|right|upright|<div style="text-align: center">mPoster of the 1929 film, starring [[Douglas Fairbanks]].</div>]]
Several films have been made around the mystery of the Man in the Iron Mask, including:  l
''[[The Iron Mask]]'' (1929) starring [[Douglas Fairbanks]];
''[[The Man in the Iron Mask (1939 film)|The Man in the Iron Mask]]'' (1939) starting [[Louis Hayward]];
[[The Man in the Iron Mask (1977 film)|the British television production]] starring [[Richard Chamberlain]] (1977); and
[[The Man in the Iron Mask (1998 film)|the American film]] starring [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (1998). These films were all loosely adapted from Dumas' book ''[[The Vicomte de Bragelonne]]'', where the prisoner was an identical twin of Louis XIV and made to wear an iron mask, per the legend created by Voltaire.{{sfn|Dumas|1850}}{{sfn|Lincoln ''Timewatch'', 1988}}

In the Japanese Manga ''[[Berserk (manga)|Berserk]]'' (1989), one of the protagonists, [[Griffith (Berserk)|Griffith]], was imprisoned, tortured, and forced to wear an iron mask. He becomes an antagonist shortly thereafter. In the Japanese manga ''[[One Piece]]'' (1997), one of the protagonists, [[Sanji (One Piece)|Sanji]], was imprisoned during childhood and forced to wear an iron mask, resembling the story of the French prisoner.

The movie ''[[G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra]]'' (2009) features fictional character James McCullen IX who is the ancestor of the modern day antagonist James McCullen XXIV. In the 1600s, McCullen IX was caught selling weapons to both sides of an unspecified war, and an example was made of him by welding a burning iron mask to his face.

In the second season of the television show ''[[The Flash (2014 TV series)|The Flash]]'' in 2014, the Man in the Iron Mask is held hostage by ''[[Hunter Zolomon]]''/Zoom, who pretends to be the superhero ''[[Flash (Jay Garrick)|Flash]]''. The Man in the Iron Mask is eventually revealed to be the real Jay Garrick of his universe, and a doppelganger of Henry Allen, Barry Allen/The Flash's father.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

The Man in the Iron Mask is portrayed as the Duc de Sullun (inversion of ''nullus'', Latin for 'no one') in the first two episodes of the third season of the TV drama series ''[[Versailles (TV series)|Versailles]]'' (2018). In the program, he is visited in the Bastille by [[Philippe I, Duke of Orléans]] on his search to find men to send to the Americas and is revealed to be the secret older brother of [[Louis XIV]] and Philippe I, born from an affair between [[Louis XIII]] and Louise de La Fayette since his wife struggled to produce him an heir.

In "[[What If... the Avengers Assembled in 1602?]]", the eighth episode of the [[What If...? season 2|second season]] (2023) of the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] [[Disney+]] series ''[[What If...? (TV series)|What If...?]]'', the Man in the Iron Mask is a variant of [[Bruce Banner (Marvel Cinematic Universe)#1602|Bruce Banner]], who is freed by [[Peggy Carter (Marvel Cinematic Universe)#Captain Carter|Captain Peggy Carter]], breaking the iron mask after transforming into [[the Hulk]].