Editing Millennium Development Goals (section)

== Examples ==

===Sub-Saharan Africa===
One success was to strengthen rice production in Sub-Saharan Africa. By the mid‑1990s, rice imports reached nearly $1&nbsp;billion annually. Farmers had not found suitable rice varieties that produce high yields. [[New Rice for Africa]] (NERICA), a high-yielding and well adapted strain, was developed and introduced in areas including Congo Brazzaville, Côte d'Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Togo and Uganda. Some 18 varieties of this strain became available, enabling African farmers to produce enough rice to feed their families and have extra to sell.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 November 2007 |title=Goal :: Tracking the Millennium Development Goals |url=http://www.mdgmonitor.org/story.cfm?goal=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130105523/http://www.mdgmonitor.org/story.cfm?goal=1 |archive-date=30 January 2012 |access-date=14 October 2012 |publisher=Mdg Monitor}}</ref>

The region also showed progress towards MDG&nbsp;2. School fees that included Parent-Teacher Association and community contributions, textbook fees, compulsory uniforms and other charges took up nearly a quarter of a poor family's income and led countries including [[Burundi]], the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Ghana]], [[Kenya]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Tanzania]], and [[Uganda]] to eliminate such fees, increasing enrollment. For instance, in Ghana, public school enrollment in the most deprived districts rose from 4.2&nbsp;million to 5.4&nbsp;million between 2004 and 2005. In Kenya, primary school enrollment added 1.2&nbsp;million in 2003 and by 2004, the number had climbed to 7.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 November 2007 |title=Goal: Tracking the Millennium Development Goals |url=http://www.mdgmonitor.org/story.cfm?goal=2 |access-date=14 October 2012 |publisher=MDG Monitor}}</ref>

=== Millennium Villages Project ===
{{Main|Millennium Villages Project}}

Following the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), in 2000, [[Jeffrey Sachs]] of [[The Earth Institute]] at [[Columbia University]] was among the leading academic scholars and practitioners on the MDGs. He chaired the WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (2000–01), which played a pivotal role in scaling up the financing of health care and disease control in the low-income countries to support MDGs 4, 5, and 6. He worked with UN Secretary-General [[Kofi Annan]] in 2000–2001 to design and launch [[The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria]].<ref name="Mountains Beyond Mountains">{{cite book |last1=Kidder |first1=Tracy |url=https://archive.org/details/mountainsbeyond000kidd |title=Mountains Beyond Mountains |date=2003 |publisher=Random House |isbn=9780375506161 |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/mountainsbeyond000kidd/page/257 257] |url-access=registration}}</ref> He also worked with senior officials of the [[George W. Bush administration]] to develop the PEPFAR program to fight [[HIV/AIDS]], and the PMI to fight [[malaria]]. On behalf of Annan, from 2002 to 2006 he chaired the [[UN Millennium Project]], which was tasked with developing a concrete action plan to achieve the MDGs. The UN General Assembly adopted the key recommendations of the UN Millennium Project at a special session in September 2005. 

The [[Millennium Villages Project]], which Sachs directed, operated in more than a dozen African countries and covered more than 500,000 people. The MVP has engendered considerable controversy associated as critics have questioned both the design of the project and claims made for its success.  In 2012 ''[[The Economist]]'' reviewed the project and concluded "the evidence does not yet support the claim that the millennium villages project is making a decisive impact."<ref>{{cite news |date=14 May 2012 |title=Jeffrey Sachs and the millennium villages: Millennium bugs |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/feastandfamine/2012/05/jeffrey-sachs-and-millennium-villages?zid=295&ah=0bca374e65f2354d553956ea65f756e0 |access-date=10 September 2015 |newspaper=The Economist}}</ref> Critics have pointed to the failure to include suitable controls that would allow an accurate determination of whether the Projects methods were responsible for any observed gains in economic development. A 2012 ''Lancet'' paper claiming a 3-fold increase in the rate of decline in childhood mortality was criticized for flawed methodology, and the authors later admitted that the claim was "unwarranted and misleading".<ref>{{cite web |date=24 June 2013 |title=Does It Take a Village? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/06/24/does-it-take-a-village}}</ref>

=== Activities and organizations ===
* The [[United Nations Millennium Campaign]] was launched to increase support for the Millennium Development Goals.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-06|title=Kofi Annan and the Transition to Sustainable Development Goals|url=http://sdg.iisd.org/commentary/policy-briefs/kofi-annan-and-the-transition-to-sustainable-development-goals/|access-date=2021-05-13|website=IISD}}</ref> The Millennium Campaign targets intergovernmental, government, civil society organizations and media at global and regional levels.
* The [[Millennium Promise|Millennium Promise Alliance, Inc]]. (or simply the "Millennium Promise") is a U.S.-based non-profit organization founded in 2005 by [[Jeffrey Sachs]] and [[Ray Chambers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.millenniumpromise.org |title=Overview |publisher=Millennium Promise |access-date=18 October 2012}}</ref> Millennium Promise coordinated the Millennium Villages Project in partnership with [[Columbia University|Columbia]]'s [[The Earth Institute|Earth Institute]] and UNDP; it aimed to demonstrate MDG feasibility through an integrated, community-led approach. The project ran from 2005 to 2015, operating in 15 sites across 11 countries in sub-Saharan Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Millennium villages|url=https://www.millenniumpromise.org/millenniumvillages|access-date=2021-05-13|website=Millennium Promise Alliance}}</ref>
* The Youth in Action EU Programme "Cartoons in Action" project<ref>{{cite web |url=http://socialab.wix.com/cartoons/ |title=Cartoons in action Progetto Gioventù in Azione finanziato dallANG – Agenzia Nazionale per i Giovani Youth in Action EU Programme. Il presente progetto è finanziato con il sostegno della Commissione europea. &#124; Wix.com |publisher=Socialab.wix.com |access-date=14 October 2012 |archive-date=2 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102000543/http://socialab.wix.com/cartoons/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> created animated videos about MDGs,<ref name="youtube1">{{cite web|author=R.I.P. giovane e dolce Melissa |url=https://www.youtube.com/user/cartoonsyouth/ |title=Cartoons inAction |publisher=YouTube |access-date=14 October 2012}}</ref> and videos about MDG targets using Arcade C64 videogames.<ref name="youtube1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD29D281132FD8755 |title=MDGs |publisher=YouTube |access-date=14 October 2012}}</ref>