Editing Null-subject language (section)

== Auxiliary languages ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2018}}
Many [[international auxiliary language]]s, while not officially pro-drop, permit pronoun omission with some regularity.

===Interlingua===
In [[Interlingua]], pronoun omission is most common with the pronoun ''il'', which means "it" when referring to part of a sentence or to nothing in particular. Examples of this word include
:Il pluvia.
:''It's raining.''
:Il es ver que ille arriva deman.
:''It is true that he arrives tomorrow.''

''Il'' tends to be omitted whenever the contraction "it's" can be used in English. Thus, ''il'' may be omitted from the second sentence above: "Es ver que ille arriva deman". In addition, subject pronouns are sometimes omitted when they can be inferred from a previous sentence:

:Illa audiva un crito. Curreva al porta. Aperiva lo.
:''She heard a cry. Ran to the door. Opened it.''

===Esperanto===
Similarly, [[Esperanto]] sometimes exhibits pronoun deletion in casual use. This deletion is normally limited to subject pronouns, especially where the pronoun has been used just previously:

{{interlinear|indent=3|glossing=no abbr
|Ĉu vi vidas lin? Venas nun.
|QUESTION-PARTICLE you see him? Comes now.
|Do you see him? ''He'' is coming now.}}

In "official" use, however, Esperanto admits of null-subject sentences in two cases only:
* (optional) in the 2nd person imperative ''(N.B. The Esperanto imperative is often named "volitive" instead, since it can be conjugated with a subject in any person, and also used in subordinate clauses)''
*: Venu! ''Come!''
*: Vi venu! ''You [there], come [with me]!'' (pronoun added for emphasis)
* For "impersonal verbs" which have no semantic subject. In English or French, an "empty" subject is nevertheless required:
*: Pluvas. '''''It''' is raining.'' FR: '''''Il''' pleut.''
*: Estas nun somero. '''''It''' is summer now.'' FR: '''''C<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''est l'été à présent.''
*: Estas vere, ke li alvenos morgaŭ. '''''It''' is true that he will arrive tomorrow.'' FR: '''''C<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''est vrai qu'il arrivera demain.''
*:: ''(In this latter case, the sentence is not really no-subject, since "ke li alvenos morgaŭ" ("that he will arrive tomorrow") is the subject.)''

Contrary to the Interlingua example above, and as in English, a repeated subject can normally be omitted only within a single sentence:
: Ŝi aŭdis krion. Ŝi kuris al la pordo. Ŝi malfermis ĝin.
:: ''She heard a shout. She ran to the door. She opened it.''
: Ŝi aŭdis krion, kuris al la pordo kaj malfermis ĝin.
:: ''She heard a shout, ran to the door and opened it.''