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Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba
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===Sources=== Nzinga is one of Africa's best documented early-modern rulers. About a dozen of her own letters are known (all but one published in Brásio, ''Monumenta'' volumes 6–11 and 15 passim). In addition, her early years are well described in the correspondence of Portuguese governor [[Fernão de Sousa]], who was in the colony from 1624 to 1631 (published by Heintze). Her later activities are documented by the Portuguese chronicler [[António de Oliveira de Cadornega]], and by two [[Italians|Italian]] [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchin]] priests, [[Giovanni Cavazzi da Montecuccolo]] and [[Antonio Gaeta da Napoli]], who resided in her court from 1658 until her death (Cavazzi presided at her funeral). Cavazzi included a number of [[watercolour]]s in his manuscript which include Njinga as a central figure, as well as himself. However, Cavazzi's account is peppered with a number of pejorative statements about Nzinga for which he does not offer factual evidence, such as her cannibalism. * Brásio, António. ''Monumenta Missionaria Africana'' (1st series, 15 volumes, [[Lisbon: Agencia Geral do Ultramar]], 1952–88) * Baur, John. "2000 Years of Christianity in Africa – An African Church History" (Nairobi, 2009), {{ISBN|9966-21-110-1}}, pp. 74–75 * Burness, Donald. "'Nzinga Mbandi’ and Angolan Independence." Luso-Brazilian Review, vol. 14, no. 2, 1977, pp. 225–229. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3513061. * Cadornega, António de Oliveira de. ''História geral das guerras angolanas (1680–81)''. mod. ed. José Matias Delgado and Manuel Alves da Cunha. 3 vols. (Lisbon, 1940–42) (reprinted 1972). * Cavazzi, Giovanni Antonio da Montecuccolo. ''Istorica descrizione de tre regni Congo, Matamba ed Angola''. (Bologna, 1687). French translation, Jean Baptiste Labat, ''Relation historique de l'Éthiopie''. 5 vols. (Paris, 1732) [a free translation with additional materials added]. Modern Portuguese translation, Graziano Maria Saccardo da Leguzzano, ed. Francisco Leite de Faria, ''Descrição histórica dos tres reinos Congo, Matamba e Angola''. 2 vols. (Lisbon, 1965). * Gaeta da Napoli, Antonio. ''La Meravigliosa Conversione alla santa Fede di Christo delle Regina Singa...''(Naples, 1668). * Heintze, Beatrix. ''Fontes para a história de Angola no século XVII.'' (2 vols, Wiesbaden, 1985–88) Contains the correspondence of Fernão de Souza. * Heywood, Linda. "Njinga of Angola: Africa's Warrior Queen." (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. 2017). * Miller, Joseph C. “Nzinga of Matamba in a New Perspective.” The Journal of African History, vol. 16, no. 2, 1975, pp. 201–216. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/180812. * {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/mbundu00njok|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/mbundu00njok/page/n44 4]|title=Mbundu|last=Njoku|first=Onwuka N.|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc.|year=1997|isbn=0823920046|location=New York}} * {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gEEOAQAAMAAJ|title=Encyclopedia of African History and Culture: From Conquest to Colonization (1500-1850)|last=Page|first=Willie F.|publisher=Facts on File|year=2001|isbn=0816044724|volume=3|location=New York}} * {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A05oCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA21|title=African Women, Pan-Africanism and African Renaissance|last1=Serbin|first1=Sylvia|last2=Rasoanaivo-Randriamamonjy|first2=Ravaomalala|publisher=UNESCO|year=2015|isbn=9789231001307|location=Paris}} *Snethen, J. (16 June 2009) Queen Nzinga (1583-1663). Retrieved from <nowiki>https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/queen-nzinga-1583-1663/</nowiki> * {{Cite journal|last=Thornton|first=John K.|date=1991|title=Legitimacy and Political Power: Queen Njinga, 1624–1663|jstor=182577|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=32|issue=1|pages=25–40|doi=10.1017/s0021853700025329|s2cid=145579317}} * {{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m50UCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA183|title=Empires and Indigenes: Intercultural Alliance, Imperial Expansion and Warfare in the Early Modern World|last=Thornton|first=John K.|publisher=New York University Press|year=2011|isbn=9780814753095|editor-last=Lee|editor-first=Wayne E.|location=New York|chapter=Firearms, Diplomacy, and Conquest in Angola: Cooperation and Alliance in West Central Africa, 1491-1671}} * {{Cite journal|last=Vansina|first=Jan|date=1963|title=The Foundation of the Kingdom of Kasanje|jstor=180028|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=4|issue=3|pages=355–374|doi=10.1017/s0021853700004291|s2cid=162901922}} * {{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uivtCqOlpTsC&pg=PA84|title=Encyclopedia of African American History|last=Williams|first=Hettie V.|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2010|isbn=9781851097746|editor-last=Alexander|editor-first=Leslie M.|volume=1|location=Santa Barbara, California|chapter=Queen Nzinga (Njinga Mbande)|editor2-last=Rucker|editor2-first=Walter C.}}
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