Editing APL (programming language) (section)

== Notable implementations ==
=== APL\360 ===
The first implementation of APL using recognizable APL symbols was APL\360 which ran on the [[IBM System/360]], and was completed in November 1966<ref name="Birthdate">{{cite web |url=http://www.jsoftware.com/papers/APLQA.htm#APL_birthday |title=APL Quotations and Anecdotes |website=jsoftware.com |access-date=April 14, 2018}}</ref> though at that time remained in use only within IBM.<ref name="FalkoffIBMFamily"/> In 1973 its implementors, [[Lawrence M. Breed|Larry Breed]], [[Richard H. Lathwell|Dick Lathwell]] and [[Roger Moore (computer scientist)|Roger Moore]], were awarded the [[Grace Murray Hopper Award]] from the [[Association for Computing Machinery]] (ACM). It was given "for their work in the design and implementation of APL\360, setting new standards in simplicity, efficiency, reliability and response time for interactive systems."<ref>{{cite web |title=Awards – 1973 – Lawrence Breed |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |url=http://awards.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=0694605&srt=all&aw=145&ao=GMHOPPER&yr=1973 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402212031/http://awards.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=0694605&srt=all&aw=145&ao=GMHOPPER&yr=1973 |archive-date=April 2, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Awards – 1973 – Richard Lathwell|publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |url=http://awards.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3412588&srt=all&aw=145&ao=GMHOPPER&yr=1973 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402212035/http://awards.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3412588&srt=all&aw=145&ao=GMHOPPER&yr=1973 |archive-date=April 2, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Awards – 1973 – Roger Moore|publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |url=http://awards.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=4987585&srt=all&aw=145&ao=GMHOPPER&yr=1973 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402212037/http://awards.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=4987585&srt=all&aw=145&ao=GMHOPPER&yr=1973 |archive-date=April 2, 2012}}</ref>

In 1975, the [[IBM 5100]] microcomputer offered APL\360<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=795 |title=IBM 5100 |website=old-computers.com|access-date=April 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430050157/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=795|archive-date=April 30, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> as one of two built-in ROM-based interpreted languages for the computer, complete with a keyboard and display that supported all the special symbols used in the language.<ref name="byte197512">{{cite magazine| url=https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1975-12/1975_12_BYTE_00-04_Assembling_an_Altair#page/n91/mode/2up |title=Welcome, IBM, to personal computing |magazine=[[Byte (magazine)|Byte]] |date=December 1975 |access-date=April 29, 2018 |pages=90}}</ref>

Significant developments to APL\360 included CMS/APL, which made use of the [[Virtual memory|virtual storage]] capabilities of [[Conversational Monitor System|CMS]] and APLSV, which introduced [[shared variable]]s, system variables and system functions. It was subsequently ported to the [[IBM System/370]] and [[Virtual Storage Personal Computing|VSPC]] platforms until its final release in 1983, after which it was replaced by APL2.<ref name="FalkoffIBMFamily"/>

=== APL\1130 ===
In 1968, APL\1130 became the first publicly available APL system, created by IBM for the [[IBM 1130]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sigapl.org/APLChronology.php |title=Chronology of APL and its Influences on Computer Language Development |website=www.sigapl.org |publisher=ACM |access-date=April 29, 2018}}</ref> It became the most popular [[IBM Type-III Library]] software that IBM released.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.vector.org.uk/archive/v223/APL_1130.htm |title=How We Got To APL\1130 |author=Larry Breed |author-link=Lawrence M. Breed |journal=Vector (British APL Association) |volume=22 |issue=3 |date=August 2006 |issn=0955-1433 |access-date=April 29, 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512031437/http://www.vector.org.uk/archive/v223/APL_1130.htm |archive-date=May 12, 2008}}</ref>

=== APL*Plus and Sharp APL ===
{{Main|I. P. Sharp Associates|Scientific Time Sharing Corporation}}

APL*Plus and Sharp APL are versions of APL\360 with added business-oriented extensions such as data formatting and facilities to store APL arrays in external files. They were jointly developed by two companies, employing various members of the original IBM APL\360 development team.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rogerdmoore.ca/INF/ERInstallationHistory.htm |title=History of I. P. Sharp Associates Timesharing and Network |author=Roger Moore |author-link=Roger Moore (computer scientist) |date=2005<!-- Not in article. Found on webpage of links above-before article page. --> |website=Rogerdmoore.ca |publisher=Roger Moore |access-date=March 7, 2018 |archive-date=April 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404053142/http://www.rogerdmoore.ca/INF/ERInstallationHistory.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
The two companies were [[I. P. Sharp Associates]] (IPSA), an APL\360 services company formed in 1964 by Ian Sharp, Roger Moore and others, and [[Scientific Time Sharing Corporation|STSC]], a time-sharing and consulting service company formed in 1969 by Lawrence Breed and others. Together the two developed APL*Plus and thereafter continued to work together but develop APL separately as APL*Plus and Sharp APL. STSC ported APL*Plus to many platforms with versions being made for the VAX 11,<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Blumenthal |first1=Marcia |date=May 18, 1981 |title=VAX-11s Acquire APL Processor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MCFtKT_NaYIC&q=vax%20apl&pg=PA2|magazine=[[Computerworld]]|access-date= April 22, 2018}}</ref> PC and UNIX, whereas IPSA took a different approach to the arrival of the [[personal computer]] and made Sharp APL available on this platform using additional [[PC-based IBM-compatible mainframes|PC-XT/360]] hardware. In 1993, [[Soliton Incorporated]] was formed to support Sharp APL and it developed Sharp APL into SAX (Sharp APL for Unix). {{as of|2018}}, APL*Plus continues as APL2000 APL+Win.

In 1985, Ian Sharp, and Dan Dyer of STSC, jointly received the [[Iverson Award|Kenneth E. Iverson Award for Outstanding Contribution to APL]].<ref name="IversonAwards"/>

===APL2===
APL2 was a significant re-implementation of APL by IBM which was developed from 1971 and first released in 1984. It provides many additions to the language, of which the most notable is nested (non-rectangular) array support.<ref name="FalkoffIBMFamily"/> The entire APL2 Products and Services Team was awarded the Iverson Award in 2007.<ref name="IversonAwards"/>

In 2021, IBM sold APL2 to Log-On Software, who develop and sell the product as ''Log-On APL2''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://log-on.com/2021/01/26/log-on-software-announces-log-on-apl2/|title=Log-On Software announces Log-On APL2|date=2021-01-26|author=Mark Schora |website=Log-On Software|access-date=2021-11-17}}</ref>

=== APLGOL ===
In 1972, APLGOL was released as an experimental version of APL that added structured programming language constructs to the language framework. New statements were added for interstatement control, conditional statement execution, and statement structuring, as well as statements to clarify the intent of the algorithm.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Kelley, R.A.|title=APLGOL, an Experimental Structured Programming Language|year=1973 |journal=IBM Journal of Research and Development|volume=17 |pages=69–73 |doi=10.1147/rd.171.0069 |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5391426/authors#authors|url-access=subscription}}</ref> It was implemented for Hewlett-Packard in 1977.<ref>{{cite web | author=Johnston, Ronald L.|title=APLGOL: Structured Programming Facilities for APL|date=July 1977 |publisher=Hewlett-Packard Journal|url=https://archive.org/details/Hewlett-Packard_Journal_Vol._28_No._11_1977-07_Hewlett-Packard/page/n9/mode/2up}}</ref>

=== Dyalog APL ===
Dyalog APL was first released by [[United Kingdom|British]] company Dyalog Ltd.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dyalog Ltd website |url=https://www.dyalog.com/ |access-date=6 June 2018}}</ref> in 1983<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Dyalog at 25|journal = Vector Magazine|publisher = British APL Association|date = September 2008|url = http://www.vector.org.uk/archive/v234b/d25.pdf|access-date = April 14, 2018}}{{Dead link|date=April 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> and, {{as of|2018|lc=y}}, is available for [[IBM AIX|AIX]], [[Linux]] (including on the [[Raspberry Pi]]), [[macOS]] and [[Microsoft Windows]] platforms. It is based on APL2, with extensions to support [[object-oriented programming]],<ref>{{cite book |author=Kromberg, Morten|title=Proceedings of the 2007 symposium on Dynamic languages |chapter=Arrays of objects |date=22 October 2007|page=20|doi=10.1145/1297081.1297087|s2cid=18484472|chapter-url=https://www.dyalog.com/uploads/documents/Papers/Arrays%20of%20Objects.pdf |isbn=9781595938688 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.dyalog.com/uploads/documents/Papers/Arrays%20of%20Objects.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|access-date=27 August 2018}}</ref> [[functional programming]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.vector.org.uk/art10007770 |title=D: A functional subset of Dyalog APL |last1=Scholes |first1=John |publisher=British APL Association}}</ref> and [[tacit programming]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Translation of D-functions into tacit form |last1=Scholes |first1=John |publisher=Dyalog Ltd. |url=https://dfns.dyalog.com/n_tacit.htm}}</ref> Licences are free for personal/non-commercial use.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dyalog.com/prices-and-licences.htm#basiclic |title=Dyalog – Prices and Licences}}</ref>

In 1995, two of the development team – [[John M. Scholes (computer scientist)|John Scholes]] and Peter Donnelly – were awarded the Iverson Award for their work on the interpreter.<ref name="IversonAwards">{{cite web |title=Kenneth E. Iverson Award for Outstanding Contribution to APL|publisher=[[SIGPLAN]] Chapter on Array Programming Languages (SIGAPL) |url=http://www.sigapl.org/award.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226063703/http://www.sigapl.org/award.htm|archive-date=February 26, 2012}}</ref> Gitte Christensen and Morten Kromberg were joint recipients of the Iverson Award in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=2016 Iverson Award Recognises Dyalog's CEO and CXO |url=http://www.dyalog.com/dyalogue-newsletters.htm?nl=27&a=158 |access-date=6 June 2018}}</ref>

=== NARS2000 ===
NARS2000 is an open-source APL interpreter written by Bob Smith, a prominent APL developer and implementor from [[Scientific Time Sharing Corporation|STSC]] in the 1970s and 1980s. NARS2000 contains advanced features and new datatypes and runs natively on [[Microsoft Windows]], and other platforms under [[Wine (software)|Wine]]. It is named after a development tool from the 1980s, NARS (Nested Arrays Research System).<ref name="NARS2000">{{cite web |title=Nested Arrays Research System – NARS2000: An Experimental APL Interpreter |url=http://www.nars2000.org/ |website=NARS2000 |publisher=Sudley Place Software |access-date=July 10, 2015}}</ref>

=== APLX ===
APLX is a [[cross-platform]] [[programming language dialect|dialect]] of APL, based on APL2 and with several extensions, which was first released by [[United Kingdom|British]] company MicroAPL in 2002. Although no longer in development or on commercial sale it is now available free of charge from Dyalog.<ref>{{cite web |title=APLX has been withdrawn from commercial sale but can be downloaded free of charge|url=http://microapl.com/apl/|publisher=Microapl.com|access-date=April 14, 2018}}</ref>

=== York APL ===
York APL<ref name="YorkAPL">{{cite web |url=https://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/apl/Books/YorkAPL |title=York APL}}</ref> was developed at the [[York University]], Ontario around 1968, running on IBM 360 mainframes. One notable difference between it and APL\360 was that it defined the "shape" (ρ) of a scalar as 1 whereas APL\360 defined it as the more mathematically correct 0 — this made it easier to write functions that acted the same with scalars and vectors.

=== GNU APL ===
GNU APL is a free implementation of Extended APL as specified in ISO/IEC 13751:2001 and is thus an implementation of APL2. It runs on [[Linux]], macOS, several BSD dialects, and on Windows (either using [[Cygwin]] for full support of all its system functions or as a native 64-bit Windows binary with some of its system functions missing). GNU APL uses [[Unicode]] internally and can be scripted. It was written by Jürgen Sauermann.<ref name="GNU">{{cite web |url=http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/GNU_APL |title=GNU APL|website=directory.fsf.org |publisher=[[Free Software Directory]] |access-date=September 28, 2013}}</ref>

[[Richard Stallman]], founder of the [[GNU Project]], was an early adopter of APL, using it to write a text editor as a high school student in the summer of 1969.<ref name="Berättar">{{cite web|last1=Stallman|first1=Richard M. |url=http://www.lysator.liu.se/history/garb/txt/87-2-rms.txt |title=RMS Berättar|access-date=April 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126072301/http://www.lysator.liu.se/history/garb/txt/87-2-rms.txt|archive-date=November 26, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>