Editing Attachment theory (section)

====Internal working model====
The philosopher [[Kenneth Craik]] had noted the ability of thought to predict events. He stressed the survival value of natural selection for this ability. A key component of attachment theory is the attachment behaviour system where certain behaviours have a predictable outcome (i.e. proximity) and serve as self-preservation method (i.e. protection).<ref name="Cassidy, Jude 2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cassidy J, Jones JD, Shaver PR | title = Contributions of attachment theory and research: a framework for future research, translation, and policy | journal = Development and Psychopathology | volume = 25 | issue = 4 Pt 2 | pages = 1415–34 | date = November 2013 | pmid = 24342848 | pmc = 4085672 | doi = 10.1017/s0954579413000692 }}</ref> All taking place outside of an individual's awareness,  This [[Internal Working Model of Attachment|internal working model]] allows a person to try out alternatives mentally, using knowledge of the past while responding to the present and future. Bowlby applied Craik's ideas to attachment, when other psychologists were applying these concepts to adult perception and cognition.<ref name="JLaird">{{cite book |title=Mental models |url=https://archive.org/details/mentalmodelstowa0000john | vauthors = Johnson-Laird PN |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-674-56881-5 |location=Cambridge, MA |pages=[https://archive.org/details/mentalmodelstowa0000john/page/179 179]–87}}</ref>

Infants absorb all sorts of complex social-emotional information from the social interactions that they observe. They notice the helpful and hindering behaviours of one person to another. From these observations they develop expectations of how two characters should behave, known as a "secure base script." These scripts provide as a template of how attachment related events should unfold and they are the building blocks of ones internal working models.<ref name="Cassidy, Jude 2013"/>  An infant's internal working model is developed in response to the infant's experience based internal working models of self, and environment, with emphasis on the caregiving environment and the outcomes of his or her proximity-seeking behaviours. Theoretically, secure child and adult script, would allow for an attachment situation where one person successfully utilizes another as a secure base from which to explore and as a safe haven in times of distress. In contrast, insecure individuals would create attachment situations with more complications.<ref name="Cassidy, Jude 2013"/> For example, If the caregiver is accepting of these proximity-seeking behaviours and grants access, the infant develops a secure organization; if the caregiver consistently denies the infant access, an avoidant organization develops; and if the caregiver inconsistently grants access, an ambivalent organization develops.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Main M, Kaplan N, Cassidy J |year=1985 |title=Security in Infancy, Childhood, and Adulthood: A Move to the Level of Representation |journal=Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development |volume=50 |issue=1/2 |pages=66–104 |doi=10.2307/3333827 |jstor=3333827}}</ref> In retrospect, internal working models are constant with and reflect the primary relationship with our caregivers. Childhood attachment directly influences our adult relationships.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ravitz |first1=Paula |last2=Maunder |first2=Robert |last3=Hunter |first3=Jon |last4=Sthankiya |first4=Bhadra |last5=Lancee |first5=William |date=2010-10-01 |title=Adult attachment measures: A 25-year review |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022399909003304 |journal=Journal of Psychosomatic Research |language=en |volume=69 |issue=4 |pages=419–432 |doi=10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.08.006 |pmid=20846544 |issn=0022-3999|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

A parent's internal working model that is operative in the attachment relationship with her infant can be accessed by examining the parent's mental representations.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Lieberman AF |title=Attachment and psychopathology | url = https://archive.org/details/attachmentpsycho0000unse |pages=[https://archive.org/details/attachmentpsycho0000unse/page/277 277]–292 |year=1997 | veditors = Atkinson L, Zucker KJ |chapter=Toddlers' internalization of maternal attributions as a factor in quality of attachment |place=New York, NY, US |publisher=Guilford Press |isbn=978-1-57230-191-7 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zeanah CH, Keener MA, Anders TF | title = Adolescent mothers' prenatal fantasies and working models of their infants | journal = Psychiatry | volume = 49 | issue = 3 | pages = 193–203 | date = August 1986 | pmid = 3749375 | doi = 10.1080/00332747.1986.11024321 }}</ref> Recent research has demonstrated that the quality of maternal attributions as markers of maternal mental representations can be associated with particular forms of maternal psychopathology and can be altered in a relative short time-period by targeted psychotherapeutic intervention.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schechter DS, Moser DA, Reliford A, McCaw JE, Coates SW, Turner JB, Serpa SR, Willheim E | title = Negative and distorted attributions towards child, self, and primary attachment figure among posttraumatically stressed mothers: what changes with Clinician Assisted Videofeedback Exposure Sessions (CAVES) | journal = Child Psychiatry and Human Development | volume = 46 | issue = 1 | pages = 10–20 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 24553738 | pmc = 4139484 | doi = 10.1007/s10578-014-0447-5 }}</ref>