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Bulgarian language
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=====Be (''Съм'')===== The verb {{lang|bg|съм}} {{IPA|/sɤm/}}<ref group=note>{{lang|bg|съм|italic=no}} is pronounced similar to English ''"sum"''.</ref> – 'to be' is also used as an [[auxiliary verb|auxiliary]] for forming the [[perfect (grammar)|perfect]], the [[grammatical voice|passive]] and the [[conditional mood|conditional]]: *past tense – {{IPA|/oˈdariɫ sɐm/}} – 'I have hit' *passive – {{IPA|/oˈdarɛn sɐm/}} – 'I am hit' *past passive – {{IPA|/bʲax oˈdarɛn/}} – 'I was hit' *conditional – {{IPA|/bix oˈdaril/}} – 'I would hit' Two alternate forms of {{lang|bg|съм}} exist: *{{lang|bg|бъда}} {{IPA|/ˈbɤdɐ/}} – interchangeable with съм in most tenses and moods, but never in the [[present indicative]] – e.g. {{IPA|/ˈiskɐm dɐ ˈbɤdɐ/}} ('I want to be'), {{IPA|/ʃtɛ ˈbɤdɐ tuk/}} ('I will be here'); in the imperative, only бъда is used – {{IPA|/bɤˈdi tuk/}} ('be here'); *{{lang|bg|бивам}} {{IPA|/ˈbivɐm/}} – slightly archaic, imperfective form of бъда – e.g. {{IPA|/ˈbivɐʃɛ zaˈplaʃɛn/}} ('he used to get threats'); in contemporary usage, it is mostly used in the negative to mean "ought not", e.g. {{IPA|/nɛ ˈbivɐ dɐ ˈpuʃiʃ/}} ('you shouldn't smoke').<ref group=note>It is a common reply to the question {{lang|bg-latn|Kak e?}} {{IPA|/ˈkak ɛ/}} 'How are things?' ({{lit|how is it?}}) – {{IPA|/ˈbivɐ/}} 'alright' (lit. 'it [repetitively] is') or {{IPA|/ˈkak si/}} 'How are you?' -<nowiki/>{{IPA|/ˈbivɐm/}} 'I'm OK'.</ref>
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