Editing Condom (section)

== Society and culture ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2023}}
Some [[moral]] and [[scientific]] criticism of condoms exists despite the many benefits of condoms agreed on by [[scientific consensus]] and sexual health experts.

Condom usage is typically recommended for new couples who have yet to develop full trust in their partner with regard to STIs. Established couples on the other hand have few concerns about STIs, and can use other methods of birth control such as [[birth control pill|the pill]], which does not act as a barrier to intimate sexual contact. Note that the polar debate with regard to condom usage is attenuated by the target group the argument is directed. Notably the age category and stable partner question are factors, as well as the distinction between heterosexual and homosexuals, who have different kinds of sex and have different risk consequences and factors.

Among the prime objections to condom usage is the blocking of erotic sensation, or the intimacy that barrier-free sex provides. As the condom is held tightly to the skin of the [[Human penis|penis]], it diminishes the delivery of stimulation through rubbing and friction. Condom proponents claim this has the benefit of making sex last longer, by diminishing sensation and delaying male ejaculation. Those who promote condom-free heterosexual sex (slang: "[[Bareback (sex)|bareback]]") claim that the condom puts a barrier between partners, diminishing what is normally a highly sensual, intimate, and spiritual connection between partners.

=== Religious ===
{{See also|Christian views on birth control|Catholic teachings on sexual morality#Contraception}}
The [[United Church of Christ]] (UCC), a [[Reformed tradition|Reformed]] denomination of the [[Congregationalist]] tradition, promotes the distribution of condoms in churches and faith-based educational settings.<ref name="CNA2009"/> Michael Shuenemeyer, a UCC minister, has stated that "The practice of safer sex is a matter of life and death. People of faith make condoms available because we have chosen life so that we and our children may live."<ref name="CNA2009">{{cite web |title=United Church of Christ committee recommends condom distribution at churches |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/15505/united-church-of-christ-committee-recommends-condom-distribution-at-churches |agency=[[Catholic News Agency]] |access-date=17 March 2020 |date=26 March 2009 |archive-date=17 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317184408/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/united_church_of_christ_committee_recommends_condom_distribution_at_churches |url-status=live }}</ref>

On the other hand, the [[Roman Catholic Church]] opposes all kinds of sexual acts outside of marriage, as well as any sexual act in which the chance of successful conception has been reduced by [[direct and intentional]] acts (for example, [[Human sterilization|surgery to prevent conception]]) or foreign objects (for example, condoms).<ref>{{cite web |title=Humanæ Vitæ |author=Pope Paul VI |date=25 July 1968 |url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-vi_enc_25071968_humanae-vitae_en.html |access-date=23 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303114045/https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-vi_enc_25071968_humanae-vitae_en.html |archive-date=3 March 2011 |author-link=Pope Paul VI}}</ref>

The use of condoms to prevent [[Sexually Transmitted Infections|STI]] transmission is not specifically addressed by Catholic doctrine, and is currently a topic of debate among theologians and high-ranking Catholic authorities. A few, such as Belgian Cardinal [[Godfried Danneels]], believe the Catholic Church should actively support condoms used to prevent disease, especially serious diseases such as [[AIDS]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hooper |first1=John |last2=Osborn |first2=Andrew |title=Cardinal backs use of condoms |work=The Guardian |date=13 January 2004 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/jan/13/religion.catholicism |access-date=26 August 2009 |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827223205/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/jan/13/religion.catholicism |archive-date=27 August 2013}}</ref> However, the majority view—including all statements from the Vatican—is that condom-promotion programs encourage promiscuity, thereby actually increasing STI transmission.<ref name="catholicafrica">{{cite journal |last=Alsan |first=Marcella |title=The Church & AIDS in Africa: Condoms & the Culture of Life |journal=Commonweal: A Review of Religion, Politics, and Culture |volume=133 |issue=8 |date=April 2006 |url=http://www.aids.net.au/us-catholic-20060421.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821143901/http://www.aids.net.au/us-catholic-20060421.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 August 2006 |access-date=28 November 2006}}</ref><ref name="vatican">{{cite web |last=Trujillo |first=Alfonso Cardinal López |title=Family Values Versus Safe Sex |publisher=Pontifical Council for the Family |date=1 December 2003 |url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/family/documents/rc_pc_family_doc_20031201_family-values-safe-sex-trujillo_en.html#Pregnancy | access-date = 18 July 2009 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090728003316/https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/family/documents/rc_pc_family_doc_20031201_family-values-safe-sex-trujillo_en.html#Pregnancy | archive-date = 28 July 2009}}</ref> This view was most recently reiterated in 2009 by [[Pope Benedict XVI]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Condoms 'not the answer to AIDS': Pope |work=World News Australia |publisher=SBS |date=17 March 2009 |url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1012144/Condoms-'not-the-answer-to-AIDS':-Pope | access-date = 26 July 2009 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130618074844/http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1012144/Condoms-%27not-the-answer-to-AIDS%27%3A-Pope | archive-date = 18 June 2013}}</ref>

The Roman Catholic Church is the largest organized body of any world [[religion]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Major Branches of Religions |url=http://www.adherents.com/adh_branches.html#Christianity |publisher=adherents.com |access-date=14 September 2006 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315022054/http://www.adherents.com/adh_branches.html#Christianity |archive-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> The church has hundreds of programs dedicated to fighting the [[HIV/AIDS in Africa|AIDS epidemic in Africa]],<ref>{{cite journal |last=Karanja |first=David |title=Catholics fighting AIDS |journal=Catholic Insight |date=March 2005 |url=http://catholicinsight.com/online/bioethics/AIDSAfrica.shtml |access-date=23 December 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080104093716/http://catholicinsight.com/online/bioethics/AIDSAfrica.shtml |archive-date=4 January 2008}}</ref> but its opposition to condom use in these programs has been highly controversial.<ref>{{cite news |last=Barillari |first=Joseph |title=Condoms and the church: a well-intentioned but deadly myth |work=Daily Princetonian |date=21 October 2003 |url=http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2003/10/21/8911/ |access-date=23 December 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418153048/http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2003/10/21/8911/ |archive-date=18 April 2009}}</ref>

In a November 2011 interview, Pope Benedict XVI discussed for the first time the use of condoms to prevent STI transmission. He said that the use of a condom can be justified in a few individual cases if the purpose is to reduce the risk of an HIV infection.<ref>{{cite news |author=Jonathan Wynne-Jones |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/religion/the-pope/8148944/The-Pope-drops-Catholic-ban-on-condoms-in-historic-shift.html |title=The Pope drops Catholic ban on condoms in historic shift |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=20 November 2010 |access-date=20 November 2010 |location=London |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101122052824/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/religion/the-pope/8148944/The-Pope-drops-Catholic-ban-on-condoms-in-historic-shift.html |archive-date=22 November 2010}}</ref> He gave as an example male [[prostitutes]]. There was some confusion at first whether the statement applied only to homosexual prostitutes and thus not to heterosexual intercourse at all. However, [[Federico Lombardi]], spokesman for the Vatican, clarified that it applied to heterosexual and transsexual prostitutes, whether male or female, as well.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/24/world/europe/24pope.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |first1=Rachel |last1=Donadio |first2=Laurie |last2=Goodstein |title=Vatican Confirms Shift on Condoms as AIDS Prevention |date=23 November 2010 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221084914/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/24/world/europe/24pope.html | archive-date=21 February 2017}}</ref> He did, however, also clarify that the Vatican's principles on sexuality and contraception had not been changed.

=== Scientific and environmental ===
More generally, some scientific researchers have expressed objective concern over certain ingredients sometimes added to condoms, notably [[talc]] and [[nitrosamine]]s. Dry dusting powders are applied to latex condoms before packaging to prevent the condom from sticking to itself when rolled up. Previously, talc was used by most manufacturers, but [[cornstarch]] is currently the most popular dusting powder.<ref name="fhi4">{{cite journal |last=Gilmore |first=Caroline E |title=Chapter 4: Recent Advances in the Research, Development and Manufacture of Latex Rubber Condoms |journal=The Latex Condom: Recent Advances, Future Directions |url=http://www.fhi.org/en/RH/Pubs/booksReports/latexcondom/recentadvances.htm |access-date=8 April 2007 |year=1998 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070405095036/http://www.fhi.org/en/RH/Pubs/booksReports/latexcondom/recentadvances.htm |archive-date=5 April 2007}}</ref> Although rare during normal use, talc is known to be potentially irritant to mucous membranes (such as in the vagina). Cornstarch is generally believed to be safe; however, some researchers have raised concerns over its use as well.<ref name="fhi4" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wright |first1= H |last2=Wheeler |first2= J |last3=Woods |first3= J |last4=Hesford |first4= J |last5=Taylor |first5= P |last6=Edlich |first6= R |title=Potential toxicity of retrograde uterine passage of particulate matter |journal=J Long Term Eff Med Implants |volume=6 |issue=3–4 |pages=199–206 |year=1996 |pmid=10167361}}</ref>

Nitrosamines, which are potentially [[carcinogenic]] in humans,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jakszyn |first1= P |last2=Gonzalez |first2= C |title=Nitrosamine and related food intake and gastric and oesophageal cancer risk: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence |journal=World J Gastroenterol |volume=12 |issue=27 |pages=4296–4303 |year=2006 |pmid=16865769 |pmc=4087738 |doi=10.3748/wjg.v12.i27.4296 |doi-access= free }}</ref> are believed to be present in a substance used to improve elasticity in latex condoms.<ref name="dw">{{cite news |last=DW staff |title=German Study Says Condoms Contain Cancer-causing Chemical |publisher={{Lang|de|[[Deutsche Welle]]|italic=no}} |date=29 May 2004 |url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,1220847,00.html |access-date=8 April 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311112244/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,1220847,00.html |archive-date=11 March 2007}}</ref> A 2001 review stated that humans regularly receive 1,000 to 10,000 times greater nitrosamine exposure from food and tobacco than from condom use and concluded that the risk of cancer from condom use is very low.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Proksch |first= E |title=Toxicological evaluation of nitrosamines in condoms |doi=10.1078/1438-4639-00087 |journal=Int J Hyg Environ Health |volume=204 |issue=2–3 |pages=103–110 |year=2001 |pmid=11759152}}</ref> However, a 2004 study in Germany detected nitrosamines in 29 out of 32 condom brands tested, and concluded that exposure from condoms might exceed the exposure from food by 1.5- to 3-fold.<ref name="dw" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Altkofer |first1= W |last2=Braune |first2= S |last3=Ellendt |first3= K |last4=Kettl-Grömminger |first4= M |last5=Steiner |first5= G |title=Migration of nitrosamines from rubber products—are balloons and condoms harmful to the human health? |journal=Mol Nutr Food Res |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=235–238 |year=2005 |pmid=15672455 |doi=10.1002/mnfr.200400050}}</ref>
[[File:Used condom.jpg|right|thumb|Used condom on a street]]
In addition, the large-scale use of disposable condoms has resulted in concerns over their environmental impact via [[littering]] and in [[landfills]], where they can eventually wind up in [[wildlife]] environments if not [[incinerated]] or otherwise permanently disposed of first. Polyurethane condoms in particular, given they are a form of [[plastic]], are not [[biodegradable]], and latex condoms take a very long time to break down. Experts, such as [[AVERT]], recommend condoms be disposed of in a garbage receptacle, as flushing them down the toilet (which some people do) may cause plumbing blockages and other problems.<ref name="AliceDisposal">{{cite web |title=Environmentally-friendly condom disposal |publisher=Columbia University |date=20 December 2002 |url=http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/2311.html |access-date=28 October 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020050953/http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/2311.html |archive-date=20 October 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.avert.org/condom.htm |title=Using Condoms, Condom Types & Condom Sizes |publisher=AVERT |access-date=26 March 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090621222629/http://www.avert.org/condom.htm |archive-date=21 June 2009}}</ref> Furthermore, the plastic and foil wrappers condoms are packaged in are also not biodegradable. However, the benefits condoms offer are widely considered to offset their small landfill mass.<ref name="AliceDisposal" /> Frequent condom or wrapper disposal in public areas such as a parks have been seen as a persistent litter problem.<ref name="power">{{cite journal |doi=10.1136/bmj.318.7175.48 |pmid=9872892 |pmc=1114541 |title=Narrative based medicine: Why study narrative? |journal=BMJ |volume=318 |issue=7175 |pages=48–50 |year=1999 |last1=Greenhalgh |first1=T. |last2=Hurwitz |first2=B.}}</ref>

While biodegradable,<ref name="AliceDisposal" /> latex condoms damage the environment when disposed of improperly. According to the [[Ocean Conservancy]], condoms, along with [[marine debris|certain other types of trash]], cover the [[coral reef]]s and smother [[sea grass]] and other bottom dwellers. The [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] also has expressed concerns that many animals might mistake the litter for food.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hightower |first1=Eve |last2=Hall |first2=Phoebe |title=Clean sex, wasteful computers and dangerous mascara&nbsp;– Ask E |journal=[[E–The Environmental Magazine]] |date=March–April 2003 |url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1594/is_2_14/ai_98469962 |access-date=28 October 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227050429/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1594/is_2_14/ai_98469962 |archive-date=27 December 2007}}</ref>

=== Cultural barriers to use ===
In much of the [[Western world]], the introduction of [[combined oral contraceptive pill|the pill]] in the 1960s was associated with a decline in condom use.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|267–9,272–5}} In [[Japan]], oral contraceptives were not approved for use until September 1999, and even then access was more restricted than in other industrialized nations.<ref name="cbs">{{cite news |last=Hayashi |first= Aiko |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/japanese-women-shun-the-pill/ |title=Japanese Women Shun The Pill |work=CBS News |date=20 August 2004 |access-date=12 June 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060629074107/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/08/20/health/main637523.shtml |archive-date=29 June 2006}}</ref> Perhaps because of this restricted access to hormonal contraception, Japan has the highest rate of condom usage in the world: in 2008, 80% of contraceptive users relied on condoms.<ref name="factsheet" />

Cultural attitudes toward [[gender roles]], [[contraception]], and [[Human sexual activity|sexual activity]] vary greatly around the world, and range from extremely conservative to extremely liberal. But in places where condoms are misunderstood, mischaracterised, demonised, or looked upon with overall cultural disapproval, the prevalence of condom use is directly affected. In less-developed countries and among less-educated populations, misperceptions about how disease transmission and conception work negatively affect the use of condoms; additionally, in cultures with more traditional gender roles, women may feel uncomfortable demanding that their partners use condoms.

As an example, [[Latinos|Latino]] immigrants in the United States often face cultural barriers to condom use. A study on female HIV prevention published in the ''Journal of Sex Health Research'' asserts that Latino women often lack the attitudes needed to negotiate safe sex due to traditional gender-role norms in the Latino community, and may be afraid to bring up the subject of condom use with their partners. Women who participated in the study often reported that because of the general [[machismo]] subtly encouraged in Latino culture, their male partners would be angry or possibly [[domestic violence|violent]] at the woman's suggestion that they use condoms.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gomez |first=Cynthia A |year=1996 |title=Gender, Culture, and Power: Barriers to HIV-Prevention Strategies for Women |journal=The Journal of Sex Research |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=355–362 |author2=Marín |doi=10.1080/00224499609551853 |jstor=3813287}}</ref> A similar phenomenon has been noted in a survey of low-income [[African-American|American black]] women; the women in this study also reported a fear of violence at the suggestion to their male partners that condoms be used.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kalichman |first1=Seth C. |last2=Williams |first2=Ernestine A. |last3=Cherry |first3=Charsey |last4=Belcher |first4=Lisa |last5=Nachimson |first5=Dena |title=Sexual coercion, domestic violence, and negotiating condom use among low-income African American women |journal=[[Journal of Women's Health]] |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=371–378 |doi=10.1089/jwh.1998.7.371 |pmid=9580917 |date=April 1998}}</ref>

A telephone survey conducted by [[Rand Corporation]] and [[Oregon State University]], and published in the ''[[Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes]]'' showed that belief in [[AIDS conspiracy theories]] among United States black men is linked to rates of condom use. As conspiracy beliefs about AIDS grow in a given sector of these black men, consistent condom use drops in that same sector. Female use of condoms was not similarly affected.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sexualhealth.e-healthsource.com/?p=news1&id=523594 |title=AIDS Conspiracy Theory Belief Linked to Less Condom Use |last=Dotinga |first=Randy |publisher=SexualHealth.com |access-date=26 March 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702133205/http://sexualhealth.e-healthsource.com/?p=news1&id=523594 |archive-date=2 July 2010}}</ref>

In the African continent, condom promotion in some areas has been impeded by anti-condom campaigns by some Muslim<ref name="northeast kenya" /> and Catholic clerics.<ref name="catholicafrica" /> Among the [[Maasai people|Maasai]] in [[Tanzania]], condom use is hampered by an aversion to "wasting" sperm, which is given sociocultural importance beyond reproduction. Sperm is believed to be an "elixir" to women and to have beneficial health effects. Maasai women believe that, after conceiving a child, they must have sexual intercourse repeatedly so that the additional sperm aids the child's development. Frequent condom use is also considered by some Maasai to cause impotence.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/13691050701208474 |pmid=17612958 |title=Wasting semen: Context and condom use among the Maasai |journal=Culture, Health & Sexuality |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=387–401 |year=2007 |last1=Coast |first1=Ernestina |s2cid=27950117 |url=http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/2502/1/Wasting_semen-context_and_condom_use_among_the_Maasai%28LSERO%29.pdf |access-date=20 January 2019 |archive-date=24 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924125404/http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/2502/1/Wasting_semen-context_and_condom_use_among_the_Maasai(LSERO).pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Some women in Africa believe that condoms are "for prostitutes" and that respectable women should not use them.<ref name="northeast kenya">{{cite web |url=http://www.plusnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=74336 |title=Muslim opposition to condoms limits distribution |date=17 September 2007 |publisher=PlusNews |access-date=26 March 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071003165407/http://www.plusnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=74336 |archive-date=3 October 2007}}</ref> A few clerics even promote the lie that condoms are deliberately laced with HIV.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/pius-kamau/islam-condoms-and-aids_b_120418.html |title=Islam, Condoms and AIDS |last=Kamau |first=Pius |date=24 August 2008 |work=The Huffington Post |access-date=26 March 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115211414/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/pius-kamau/islam-condoms-and-aids_b_120418.html |archive-date=15 November 2009}}</ref> In the United States, possession of many condoms has been used by police to accuse women of engaging in prostitution.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Guza |first1=Megan |title=Condoms criminalized in Allegheny County prostitution cases |url=http://triblive.com/local/allegheny/13690556-74/condoms-criminalized-in-allegheny-county-prostitution-cases |access-date=6 June 2018 |publisher=Trib Live |date=3 June 2018 |archive-date=7 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180607043135/http://triblive.com/local/allegheny/13690556-74/condoms-criminalized-in-allegheny-county-prostitution-cases |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Big2014>{{cite news |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/ny-bill-would-bar-condoms-proof-prostitution |title=NY bill would bar condoms as proof of prostitution |last1=KLEPPER |first1=DAVID |date=27 April 2014 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=27 April 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427210304/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/ny-bill-would-bar-condoms-proof-prostitution |archive-date=27 April 2014}}</ref> The [[Presidential Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS]] has condemned this practice and there are efforts to end it.<ref name=Big2014 /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wurth |first1=MH |last2=Schleifer |first2= R |last3=McLemore |first3= M |last4=Todrys |first4= KW |last5=Amon |first5= JJ |title=Condoms as evidence of prostitution in the United States and the criminalization of sex work. |journal=Journal of the International AIDS Society |date=24 May 2013 |volume=16 |issue=1 |page=18626 |pmid=23706178 |pmc=3664300 |doi=10.7448/ias.16.1.18626}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfbg.com/politics/2012/10/07/city-cease-using-condoms-evidence-prostitution-cases |title=City to cease using condoms as evidence in prostitution cases |last1=Chanoff |first1=Yael |date=7 October 2014 |website=[[San Francisco Bay Guardian]] |access-date=27 April 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428022226/http://www.sfbg.com/politics/2012/10/07/city-cease-using-condoms-evidence-prostitution-cases |archive-date=28 April 2014}}</ref>

Middle-Eastern couples who have not had children, because of the strong desire and social pressure to establish fertility as soon as possible within marriage, rarely use condoms.<ref>{{cite journal |jstor=3649633 |title=The Sociocultural Context of Condom Use Within Marriage in Rural Lebanon |last1=Kulczycki |first1=Andrzej |date=4 December 2004 |journal=Studies in Family Planning |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=246–260 |doi=10.1111/j.0039-3665.2004.00029.x |pmid=15628783}}</ref>

In 2017, India restricted TV advertisements for condoms to between the hours of 10 pm to 6 am. Family planning advocates were against this, saying it was liable to "undo decades of progress on sexual and reproductive health".<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/12/india-bans-condom-adverts-during-primetime-tv "India bans condom adverts during primetime TV"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124215653/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/12/india-bans-condom-adverts-during-primetime-tv |date=24 January 2018 }}. ''The Guardian'', 2017</ref>

=== Major manufacturers ===
{{See also|History of condoms#Major manufacturers}}
One analyst described the size of the condom market as something that "boggles the mind". Numerous small manufacturers, nonprofit groups, and government-run manufacturing plants exist around the world.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|322,328}} Within the condom market, there are several major contributors, among them both for-profit businesses and philanthropic organizations. Most large manufacturers have ties to the business that reach back to the end of the 19th century.