Editing Flow measurement (section)

==Optical flowmeters==
{{Distinguish|Optical flow#Optical flow sensor{{!}}Optical-flow sensors}}

Optical flowmeters use light to determine flow rate. Small particles which accompany natural and industrial gases pass through two laser beams focused a short distance apart in the flow path in a pipe by illuminating optics. Laser light is scattered when a particle crosses the first beam. The detecting optics collects scattered light on a photodetector, which then generates a pulse signal. As the same particle crosses the second beam, the detecting optics collect scattered light on a second photodetector, which converts the incoming light into a second electrical pulse. By measuring the time interval between these pulses, the gas velocity is calculated as <math>V = D/t</math> where <math>D</math> is the distance between the laser beams and <math>t</math> is the time interval.

Laser-based optical flowmeters measure the actual speed of particles, a property which is not dependent on thermal conductivity of gases, variations in gas flow or composition of gases. The operating principle enables optical laser technology to deliver highly accurate flow data, even in challenging environments which may include high temperature, low flow rates, high pressure, high humidity, pipe vibration and acoustic noise.

Optical flowmeters are very stable with no moving parts and deliver a highly repeatable measurement over the life of the product. Because distance between the two laser sheets does not change, optical flowmeters do not require periodic calibration after their initial commissioning. Optical flowmeters require only one installation point, instead of the two installation points typically required by other types of meters. A single installation point is simpler, requires less maintenance and is less prone to errors.

Commercially available optical flowmeters are capable of measuring flow from 0.1&nbsp;m/s to faster than 100&nbsp;m/s (1000:1 turn down ratio) and have been demonstrated to be effective for the measurement of flare gases from oil wells and refineries, a contributor to atmospheric pollution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.photon-control.com/downloads/Flare_Metering_with_Optics.pdf|title=Flare Metering with Optics|website=photon-control.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828050816/http://www.photon-control.com/downloads/Flare_Metering_with_Optics.pdf|archive-date=28 August 2008|access-date=14 March 2008}}</ref>