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== References == {{refbegin}} *{{cite book |first=Fernand |last=Braudel |title=The Wheels of Commerce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WPDbSXQsvGIC |year=1992 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-08115-4 |orig-year=1982 |series=Civilization & capitalism, 15thβ18th century |volume=2 }} *{{cite book |editor1-first=S.R. |editor1-last=Epstein |editor2-first=Maarten |editor2-last=Prak |title=Guilds, Innovation and the European Economy, 1400β1800 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fXlALljcyMkC |year=2008 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-47107-7 }} β essays by scholars covering German and Italian territories, the Netherlands, France, and England; plus guilds in cloth spinning, painting, glass blowing, goldsmithing, pewterware, book-selling, and clock making. *{{cite journal |last1=Grafe |first1=Regina |first2=Oscar |last2=Gelderblom |title=The Rise and Fall of the Merchant Guilds: Re-thinking the Comparative Study of Commercial Institutions in Premodern Europe |journal=Journal of Interdisciplinary History |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=477β511 |date=Spring 2010 |doi=10.1162/jinh.2010.40.4.477 |hdl=1874/386235 |s2cid=145272268 |hdl-access=free }} Comparative study of the origins and development of merchant guilds in Europe, esp. their emergence during the late Middle Ages and their decline in the Early Modern era *{{cite book |first=Sheilagh |last=Ogilvie |author-link= Sheilagh Ogilvie |title=Institutions and European Trade: Merchant Guilds, 1000β1800 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bVItJmsiyi4C&pg=PR4 |year=2011 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-50039-5 }} *{{cite book |first=Maarten Roy |last=Prak |title=Craft Guilds in the Early Modern Low Countries: Work, Power and Representation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r27gwgLydGoC |year=2006 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-0-7546-5339-4 }} *{{cite book |last=Rouche |first=Michel |chapter=Private life conquers state and society |editor1-first=Philippe |editor1-last=AriΓ¨s |editor2-first=Paul |editor2-last=Veyne |editor3-first=Georges |editor3-last=Duby |title=A History of Private Life: From Pagan Rome to Byzantium |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BqXQUQ4nW4gC&pg=PA419 |year=1992 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-39974-7 |pages=419β |volume=1 }} *{{cite book |last=Weyrauch |first=Thomas |title=Craftsmen and their Associations in Asia, Africa and Europe |publisher=VVB Laufersweiler |year=1999 |isbn=978-3-89687-537-2 }} {{refend}}
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