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Guttural R
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==Austronesian== ===Malayic languages=== Guttural R exists among several Malay dialects. While [[standard Malay]] commonly uses coronal r ({{IPA link|ɹ}},{{IPA link|r}},{{IPA link|ɾ}}), the guttural fricative ({{IPA link|ɣ}}~{{IPA link|ʁ}}) are more prominently used in many dialects in [[Malay Peninsula]] as well as some parts of [[Sumatra]] and [[Borneo]]. These dialects include: * [[Pahang Malay]] * [[Kedah Malay]] * [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay]] * [[Minangkabau language|Minangkabau]] (closely related to Malay that it might be dialects of the same language, only in some dialects) * [[Negeri Sembilan Malay]] * [[Sarawak Malay]] * [[Terengganu Malay]] * [[Perak Malay]] * [[Aceh Tamiang Regency|Tamiang Malay]] * [[Pontianak Malay]] * [[Musi language|Palembang Malay]] ~ Perak Malay and Kedah Malay are the most notable examples. These dialects mainly use the guttural fricative ({{IPA link|ɣ}}~{{IPA link|ʁ}}) for both /r/ and /gh/. [[Standard Malay]] includes both coronal r ({{IPA link|ɹ}},{{IPA link|r}},{{IPA link|ɾ}}) and voiced guttural fricative /gh/ ({{IPA link|ɣ}}~{{IPA link|ʁ}}) as two different phonemes. To denote the guttural r in the dialects, the letter "r" is often replaced by "gh" or "q" in informal writing {{citation needed|date=December 2015}}. [[Standard Malay]] words with [[voiced velar fricative]] ({{IPA link|ɣ}}), such as ''loghat'' (dialect) and ''ghaib'' (invisible, mystical) are mostly [[Arabic]] loanwords spelled in their origin language with the letter {{lang|ar|[[غ]]}} in the [[Jawi alphabet]]. ===Other Austronesian languages=== Other Austronesian languages with similar features are: * [[Acehnese language|Acehnese]] * [[Alas-Kluet language|Alas-Kluet]] * [[Bulungan language|Bulungan]] * [[Cham language|Cham]] * [[Lampung language|Lampung]] * [[Paiwan language#Phonology|Piuma]] * [[Paiwan language#Phonology|Sapediq]] * [[Paiwan language#Phonology|Rinaxekerek]] * [[Paiwan language#Phonology|Sinvaudjan]]
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