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Jonestown
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===Conspiracy theories=== According to religious studies scholar Rebecca Moore, "In the twenty-three years since the deaths in Jonestown, conspiracy theories have blossomed in number and sophistication."<ref name="Moore">{{cite web|last1=Moore|first1=Rebecca|title=Reconstructing Reality: Conspiracy Theories About Jonestown|url=https://jonestown.sdsu.edu/?page_id=16582|website=Alternative Considerations of Jonestown & Peoples Temple|publisher=Department of Religious Studies. [[San Diego State University]]|access-date=9 December 2020}}</ref> In 1979, Joseph Hollinger, a former aide to Ryan, claimed that Jonestown was a "mass mind control experiment" conducted by the CIA. A 1980 newspaper column by [[Jack Anderson (columnist)|Jack Anderson]] also claimed that the CIA was involved in the massacre, and speculated that Dwyer had ties to the agency.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Anderson|first1=Jack|title=Ryan's kin believe U.S. aware of Jonestown peril|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=COFLAAAAIBAJ&pg=5321%2C4212685|website=Google.com/newspapers|publisher=[[The Free Lance–Star]], Fredericksburg, Virginia|date=27 September 1980|access-date=9 December 2020}}</ref> In 1980, an investigation by the [[United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence]] found no evidence of CIA activity in Jonestown.<ref name="Knight2003">{{cite book|author=Peter Knight|title=Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qMIDrggs8TsC&pg=PA379|year=2003|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1576078129|pages=379–}}</ref> In 1987, ''The Jonestown Carnage: A CIA Crime (1978)'' (Russian: ''Гибель Джонстауна – преступление ЦРУ'') was published in the Soviet Union, claiming that group members were assassinated by CIA agents and mercenaries to prevent further political emigration from the U.S. as well as suppress opposition to the U.S. regime. Political scientist [[Janos Radvanyi]] cites the book as an example of Soviet [[active measures]] during the 1980s that "spread both [[disinformation]] stories and enemy propaganda against the United States," adding, "It's hard to imagine that anyone could believe so ridiculous a story."<ref name="Radvanyi1990">{{cite book|author=Janos Radvanyi|title=Psychological Operations and Political Warfare in Long-term Strategic Planning|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DUZJcDOUKtsC&pg=PA53|year=1990|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0275936235|pages=53–}}</ref>
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