Editing Leopard 1 (section)

== Operators ==
=== Current ===
[[File:Leopard_1_Operators_2023.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Leopard 1 operators as of 2023.<br />{{legend|#0360d5|Current operators of Leopard 1 tanks}}{{legend|#74afff|Current operators of specialty variants}}{{legend|#ff0000|Former operators}}]]

{| class="wikitable" Width="100%"
|-
!style=width:8em |Country
!width="15%" |Type
!width="15%" |Quantity (Estimated)
!style=width:9em |Origin
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="5" valign="top"| {{flag|Brazil}}
| '''1A1BR''' || 128 ''(36 active)''|| {{GER}} || 128 Leopard 1A1s originally purchased from Belgium. Upgraded to BR standard, 36 remain in active service as of 2021, with 12 assigned to the 4th, 6th and 9th Armoured Cavalry Regiments respectively.<ref name="PucaraDefense">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pucara.org/post/tanques-en-am%C3%A9rica-latina-en-la-b%C3%BAsqueda-de-la-modernizaci%C3%B3n |title=Tanques en América Latina, en la búsqueda de la modernización |website= Pucara Defense |date=28 September 2021 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
| '''1A5BR''' || 250 ''(230 active)'' || {{GER}} || Brazil had sought to purchase an additional 96 Italian Leopard 1A5IT from Swiss firm RUAG in 2017, but the deal fell through.<ref name="Watson"/>

As of 2021, 20 of the 1A5BR are used for spare parts.<ref name=PucaraDefense/> 52 1A5BR were planned to be modernized with a new turret between 2024 and 2030, possibly with the John Cockerill 105mm auto-loading turret or the Hitfact II 120&nbsp;mm turret.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/3885353/brasil-decide-modernizar-25-flota-leopard-1a5-br-mientras-estudia-sucesor |title=Brasil modernizará el 25% de sus Leopard 1A5 BR mientras busca un sucesor |publisher=Infodefensa |date=13 September 2022 |language=es}}</ref> However, in September 2023 it was announced that Brazil's 1A5 modernization had been postponed "indefinitely" due to a lack of available spare parts, as Leopard 1 support had been prioritized for Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.defence-ua.com/industries/brazil_cannot_modernize_own_leopard_1_tanks_because_spare_parts_now_go_to_ukraine-7994.html |title=Brazil Cannot Modernize Own Leopard 1 Tanks Because Spare Parts Now Go to Ukraine |publisher=Defense Express |date=2023-09-19}}</ref>
|-
| Bergepanzer 2 ARV || 7 || {{GER}} || Purchased in 2009 with Leopard 1A5s.
|-
| Pionierpanzer 2 Dachs AEV || 6 || {{GER}} || Purchased in 2009 with Leopard 1A5s.
|-
| Biber AVLB || 4 || {{GER}} || Purchased in 2009 with Leopard 1A5s.
|-
| rowspan="1" valign="top"| {{flag|Chile}}
| '''1V''' || 202 || {{GER}} || Purchased from the Netherlands in 1997. Mostly moved to reserve units or placed in storage after the purchase of 140 Leopard 2A4 tanks in 2006. In 2021, the army commissioned Fabricas y Maestranzas del Ejercito (Famae) to begin dismantling many of the 1V tanks in order to obtain spare parts for the maintenance and repair of the remaining tanks in active service. The 1V remains active with the Armored Group No. 6 Dragones of the 4th Armored Brigade Chorrillos and the Armored Detachment No. 5 Lanceros.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/3745050/famae-efectua-desmilitarizado-tanques-leopard-1v-i-division-ejercito-chile |title=Famae efectúa el desmilitarizado de tanques Leopard 1V de la I División del Ejército de Chile |website=Info Defensa |date=10 May 2022 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" valign="top"| {{flag|Denmark}}
| Biber AVLB || 10 || {{GER}} || 230 Leopard 1A5DK originally purchased. Retired and replaced with Leopard 2. 100 Leopard 1A5DK sold to FFG in Germany. Biber AVLB still operated. Spare tanks converted into Wisent support vehicles. On 11 April [[Troels Lund Poulsen]], Denmark's Acting Defence Minister, said that Denmark hopes to provide Ukraine with "about 100" Leopard 1A5 tanks before end of 2023, the first batch "before summer". These A5 versions have night vision and digital fire control.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2023/04/11/denmark-to-start-sending-ukraine-leopard-1-tanks-before-summer-minister/ |title=Denmark to start sending Ukraine Leopard 1 tanks before summer – minister |work= Euromaidanpress |date=11 April 2023 }}</ref>

|-
| Wisent 1 ARV || 10  || {{FRG}} || ''See Biber AVLB notes.''
|-
| Wisent 1 AEV || 6|| {{FRG}} || ''See Biber AVLB notes.''
|-
| Wisent 1 MC || 10 || {{GER}}<br/>{{DEN}} || Denmark was the first country to receive the mine clearing variant of the Wisent 1, developed by FFG.
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top"| {{flag|Estonia}}
| Bergepanzer 2 ARV || 4  || {{FRG}} || Purchased from the Netherlands along with Dachs AEV and Biber AVLB in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Naastetankide soetamine |url=https://riigihanked.riik.ee/rhr-web/#/procurement/3101772/general-info |website=riigihanked.riik.ee |language=et}}</ref>
|-
| Pionierpanzer 2 Dachs AEV || 5 || {{FRG}} || ''See Bergepanzer 2 ARV notes.''
|-
| Biber AVLB || 2 || {{FRG}} || ''See Bergepanzer 2 ARV notes.''
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top"| {{flag|Finland}}
| Bergepanzer 2 ARV || 8  || {{FRG}} || Sixteen ARV/AEV vehicles purchased from the Netherlands in 2017 for €8,2 million.
|-
| Pionierpanzer 2 Dachs AEV || 8 || {{FRG}} || ''See Bergepanzer 2 ARV notes.''
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top"| {{flag|Germany}}
| Pionierpanzer 2 Dachs AEV || 83 || {{FRG}} || 2,437 Leopard 1 tanks originally ordered. Retired and replaced by the Leopard 2. Remaining Leopard 1 tanks are in long-term storage, at tank recycling facilities, or held by private defence companies for resale. As of 2023, Rheinmetall has 100 Leopard 1A5 tanks, 88 of which are suitable for service and are being retrofitted and sent to Ukraine. FFG has another 99 Leopard 1A5DK tanks purchased from Denmark in 2008; 90 of these being repurposed for transfer to Ukraine. Bundeswehr still uses limited numbers of ARV, AEV, and AVLB; some held in storage provided to Ukraine.<ref name=Bundesregierung/>
|-
| Biber AVLB || 40 || {{FRG}} || Some provided to Ukraine in 2022 and 2023.<ref name=Bundesregierung/>
|-
| rowspan="6" valign="top"| {{flag|Greece}}
| '''1A5GR''' || 501 || {{FRG}} || In May 2022 it was reported that Greece was in discussions with KMW to upgrade and modernize its Leopard 1A5s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.meta-defense.fr/en/2022/05/11/greece-ready-to-pay-2-mde-to-modernize-its-leopard-1-and-2-heavy-tanks/|title=Greece ready to spend €2 billion to modernize its Leopard 1 and 2 heavy tanks| date = 11 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| '''1A4GR''' || 19 || {{FRG}} || Some of the remaining 85 Leopard 1A4GR and 170 Leopard 1V/INL have been converted to support vehicles or have been used for parts, the rest will be scrapped.
|-
| Bergepanzer 2 ARV || 43  || {{FRG}} || Some converted from retired 1A4GR. 
|-
| Biber AVLB || 10 || {{FRG}} || Some converted from retired 1A4GR.
|-
| 1V Mine Clearer || 10 || {{FRG}} || The weapon was removed (in accordance with the Conventional Armed Forces Agreement), while Pearson Engineering added a full-width mine plow.
|-
| 1A3 Mine Clearer|| 30 || {{FRG}} || The weapon was removed (in accordance with the Conventional Armed Forces Agreement). Equipped with mine rollers.
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top"| {{flag|Indonesia}}
| Pionierpanzer 2 Dachs AEV || 3  || {{GER}} || 3 in active service.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-12-22|title=Pionierpanzer 2Ri Dachs TNI AD: Armoured Engineer Vehicle dari Platform MBT Leopard|url=https://www.indomiliter.com/pionierpanzer-2ri-dachs-tni-ad-armoured-engineer-vehicle-dari-platform-mbt-leopard/|access-date=2021-03-28|website=Indomiliter |language=id}}</ref>
|-
| Biber AVLB || 3 || {{GER}} || 3 in active service.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-12-24|title=BRLPZ-1 Beaver AVLB: Gelar Jembatan Taktis Darurat Untuk MBT Leopard 2A4 TNI AD|url=https://www.indomiliter.com/brlpz-1-beaver-avlb-gelar-jembatan-taktis-darurat-untuk-mbt-leopard-2a4-tni-ad/|access-date=2021-03-28|website=Indomiliter |language=id}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" valign="top"| {{flag|Italy}}
|Leopard 1A5IT || N/A || {{FRG}}<br/>{{ITA}} || 200 Leopard 1A2 tanks originally purchased from West Germany in 1971; an additional 403 1A2 domestically manufactured under license by OTO Melara.  Italy's 483 Leopard 1A2s were stored in the Lenta Army Depot until they were all dismantled and scrapped as of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-20 |title=NSPA Successfully Completes Dismantling and Disposal of 483 Leopard1 Main Battle Tanks |url=https://www.nspa.nato.int/news/2020/dismantling-disposal-483-leopard1-tanks |website=NATO Support and Procurement Agency}}</ref>

120 Leopard 1A5IT domestically manufactured under license by OTO Melara. Another 120 1A5 turrets were purchased and fitted onto 1A2 hulls in the 1990s. All 240 were retired from service by the end of 2008 (replaced by Ariete main battle tank).
Of these 240, at least 96 remain in storage at the Lenta Army Depot as of 2024. About 100 were sold to Agenzia italiana difesa (AID), which sold 4 to a South American buyer, and 96  to the Swiss company [[RUAG]] in 2016. RUAG sold 25 of to Bavarian firm Global Logistics Support GmbH (GLS) in 2019, although these were never transferred to GLS and remain at Lenta.<ref name="SwissInfo"/> However, in 2023 it was reported that AID had not acquired the necessary export permits or approval from the licensing authority Uama to sell the tanks to RUAG.<ref name="Blick"/><ref name="Watson"/> The Italian government is now reviewing the 2016 sale to determine the legal status and ownership of the tanks.
|-
| Bergepanzer 2 ARV || 136  || {{ITA}} || About 250 ARV, AEV, and AVLB domestically manufactured under license by OTO Melara.  Of those, 235 AEVs, ARVs and ABLVs remain in active service as of 2023.
|-
| Pionierpanzer 2 Dachs AEV || 40  || {{ITA}} || ''See Bergepanzer 2 ARV notes.''
|-
| Biber AVLB || 59 || {{ITA}} || ''See Bergepanzer 2 ARV notes.''
|-
| rowspan="1" valign="top"| {{flag|Lithuania}}
| Bergepanzer 2 ARV || 10  || {{GER}} || Procured over 2015-2016 time period as alongside [[Panzerhaubitze 2000]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kariuomene.lt/en/newsevents/m577-command-and-control-armoured-personnel-carriers-of-the-lithuanian-armed-forces-upgraded/19697 |title=M577 command and control armoured personnel carriers of the Lithuanian Armed Forces upgraded |website=Lithuanian Army |date=2018-11-28 |access-date=2024-09-22 |language=en }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="top"| {{flag|Netherlands}}
| Biber AVLB || 8 ||{{FRG}} || 468 Leopard 1 tanks originally purchased. Retired and replaced with Leopard 2. Most sold off to other countries, including 200 sold to Chile and 170 sold to Greece, the rest converted into ARV/AEV vehicles or moved to storage. Only 8 Biber Bridgelayers remain in service; Pionierpanzer 2 Dachs replaced with [[AEV 3 Kodiak]], Bergepanzer 2 retired from service.
|-
| [[Beach armoured recovery vehicle#Hippo BRV|Hippo]] BRV || 4 || {{GER}}<br/>{{UK}} || The Netherlands Marine Corps operates four Dutch Leopard 1V-based Beach Recovery Vehicles known as ''Hercules, Samson, Goliath and Titan'' which operate out of the Royal Netherlands Navy assault ships of the Rotterdam class. The vehicles have a similar specification but a different cabin appearance to the UK's Hippo.
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top"| {{flag|Norway}}
| Bergepanzer 2 ARV<br/>''"NM217 Bergepanservogn"'' || 11  || {{FRG}} || 172 Leopard 1 tanks originally purchased. Retired and replaced by Leopard 2. The final remaining Leopard 1A5 were decommissioned in 2011 after a ceremony marking 42 years of service.<ref>{{cite web |author=Harald Jacobsen|url= http://www.tv2.no/nyheter/innenriks/leopard-1-har-skutt-sin-siste-granat-3592319.html |title=Leopard 1 har skutt sin siste granat |publisher=TV2.no |date= 2014-10-13 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112105327/http://www.tv2.no/nyheter/innenriks/leopard-1-har-skutt-sin-siste-granat-3592319.html |archive-date=2014-11-12 |url-status=live }}</ref> ARVs, AEVs, and Bridgelayers remain in service. 2 of 13 Bergepanzer 2 ARV transferred to Ukraine in 2023.<ref name="NorwayUkraine">{{cite web |url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2023/03/21/norway-delivers-leopard-2-tanks-to-ukraine/ |title=Norway delivers 8 Leopard 2 tanks to Ukraine |publisher=Euromaidan Press |date=2023-03-21}}</ref>
|-
| Pionierpanzer 2 Dachs AEV<br/>''"NM189 Ingeniørpanservogn"'' || 20  || {{FRG}} || ''See Bergepanzer 2 ARV notes.'' 2 transferred to Ukraine.<ref name="NorwayUkraine"/>
|-
| Biber AVLB<br/>''"NM190 Broleggerpanservogn"'' || 9 || {{FRG}} ||  ''See Bergepanzer 2 ARV notes.''
|-
| rowspan="1" valign="top"| {{flag|Romania}}
| Bergepanzer 2 ARV || 3  || {{GER}} || Donated by KMW in May 2007 to assist in the maintenance of [[Flakpanzer Gepard|Gepard SPAAG]]s donated in 1998.<ref>{{cite web |author=Razvan Belciuganu |url=http://jurnalul.ro/scinteia/jurnalul-national/blindat-strabun-livrat-de-bun-526595.html |title=Blindat străbun livrat de bun |publisher=TV2.no |date=2014-10-13 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421082043/http://jurnalul.ro/scinteia/jurnalul-national/blindat-strabun-livrat-de-bun-526595.html |archive-date=2014-04-21 |url-status=live |language=ro }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="top"| {{flag|Turkey}}
| '''1A3T1''' || 184 || {{FRG}} || 227 Leopard 1A3s with EMES systems were originally purchased along with 170 1A1s. An estimated 184 1A3s still active, the rest used for spare parts or for support vehicles.
|-
| '''1T Volkan''' || 170 || {{FRG}}<br/>{{TUR}} || All A1s upgraded domestically to Leopard 1T 'Volkan' standard.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.haaland.info/leopard1/world/ |title=Scandinavian Armor – Leopard 1 world wide |access-date=2006-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927005410/http://www.haaland.info/leopard1/world/ |archive-date=2007-09-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=13 KASIM 2009, CUMA |url=http://www.sabah.com.tr/ekonomi/2009/11/13/aselsanin_volkan_sistemi_ile_leopardlar_ilk_atista_vuracak |title=Aselsan'ın Volkan sistemi ile Leopard'lar ilk atışta vuracak – Ekonomi Haberleri |publisher=Sabah.com.tr |date=2009-11-13 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924135510/http://www.sabah.com.tr/ekonomi/2009/11/13/aselsanin_volkan_sistemi_ile_leopardlar_ilk_atista_vuracak |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| Bergepanzer 2 ARV || 16  || {{GER}} || Using 1A3 chassis. 
|-
| rowspan="1" valign="top"| {{flag|UK}}
| [[Beach armoured recovery vehicle#Hippo BRV|Hippo]] BRV || 4 || {{GER}}<br/>{{UK}} || 4 Leopard 1A5 hulls have been adapted through extensive modification to create the [[Beach armoured recovery vehicle#Hippo BRV|Hippo]] [[beach armoured recovery vehicle|beach recovery vehicle]].
|-
| rowspan="6" valign="top"| {{flag|Ukraine}}
| '''1A5'''{{hr}}'''1A5BE'''{{hr}}'''1A5DK''' || ''(20 pending)'' {{hr}} 25 {{hr}} 78 ''(+2 pending)'' || {{GER}} || 178 initially approved for export by Germany in February 2023, and "at least 100" tanks were jointly pledged initially by Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands. This initially included '''80''' of the 99 Leopard 1A5DK tanks held by FFG; the German Defence Ministry pledged an additional '''30''' Leopard 1A5 tanks for Ukraine on May 13, bringing the total up to 110. On July 11, Germany pledged additional Leopard 1 tanks at the NATO Summit in Vilnius; these were later sourced from 50 Leopard 1A5BE purchased in August by Rheinmetall from OIP Land Systems in Belgium and includes '''25''' 1A5 main battle tanks, 2 training vehicles, and 5 Bergepanzer 2 ARVs, with the rest to be used for spare parts. The first 10 Leopard 1A5DK were delivered to Ukraine by 19 July 2023. As of January 2025, of the 135 tanks jointly pledged by Germany-Denmark-Netherlands, 103 have arrived in Ukraine and 22 are pending delivery.<ref name=Bundesregierung/> Rheinmetall delivered all financed 1A5BE tanks along with support and training vehicles in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-01-27|title=Rheinmetall: A Powerful Partner at Ukrain'e Side |url=https://www.rheinmetall.com/en/media/stories/2023/rheinmetall-a-powerful-partner-at-ukraine-side |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Rheinmetall.com |language=en}}</ref>

The Danish government pledged an additional 30 Leopard 1A5 tanks on September 19. Both Rheinmetall and the Dutch government are attempting to procure an additional 96 Italian Leopard 1A5ITs stored in Italy from Swiss company RUAG.

10 Leopard 1A5 destroyed and 4 damaged/abandoned according to the Oryx blog.<ref name=OryxLosses/>
|-
| Bergepanzer 2 ARV || 24 ''(+9 on order)'' || {{GER}} || The first Bergepanzer 2 arrived in Ukraine at an unknown date.<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/09/fact-sheet-on-german-military-aid-to.html | title=Fact Sheet on German Military Aid to Ukraine }}</ref> 2 ''NM217 Bergepanservogn'' donated by Norway by March 2023.<ref name="NorwayUkraine"/> As of Feb 2025, 22 delivered and 9 more pending delivery from Germany.<ref name=Bundesregierung>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/news/military-support-ukraine-2054992 |publisher= Press of the German Federal Government |date=2024-04-29 |access-date=2024-05-02|title=Military support for Ukraine}}</ref> 1 visually confirmed damaged in combat.<ref name=OryxLosses>{{cite web | url= https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-ukrainian.html | title=Attack On Europe: Documenting Ukrainian Equipment Losses During The Russian Invasion Of Ukraine |publisher=Oryx |access-date=2025-03-03}}</ref>
|-
| Pionierpanzer 2 Dachs AEV || 14 || {{GER}} || 12 delivered by Germany by 2025, including 1 former Canadian "Badger" AEV refurbished by FFG.<ref name=Bundesregierung /><ref>{{Cite tweet|author=deaidua.org |author-link= |user=deaidua |number=1671144865059549184 |date=20 June 2023 |title=It was also said that they have refurbished a former Canadian Badger AEV and it will probably be sent to #Ukraine next week | access-date=29 June 2023 |link= https://twitter.com/deaidua/status/1671144865059549184 | quote= It was also said that they have refurbished a former Canadian Badger AEV and it will probably be sent to #Ukraine next week. 4 of these vehicles have already been delivered from Germany to Ukraine and one last one (this one) is still missing.}}</ref> 2 ''"NM189 Ingeniørpanservogn''" also delivered by Norway in 2023.<ref name="NorwayUkraine"/>
|-
| Biber AVLB || 27 || {{GER}} || ''See Bergepanzer 2 ARV notes.'' All 27 delivered by Germany by 2025.<ref name=Bundesregierung/>
|-
| Wisent 1 MC || 57 || {{GER}} || Ukraine to receive the Wisent 1 MC mine-clearing vehicle after [[Flensburger Fahrzeugbau|FFG]] and Pearson Engineering were awarded a contract by the Danish Defence Acquisition and Logistics Organization. It became the second operator after Denmark to receive the vehicle, with the first two delivered by 30 March 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-01-27|title=Ukraine conflict: FFG and Pearson Engineering to supply minefield breaching equipment to Ukraine |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/ukraine-conflict-ffg-and-pearson-engineering-to-supply-minefield-breaching-equipment-to-ukraine|access-date=2021-03-28|website=Janes.com|language=en}}</ref> 57 delivered by 2025.<ref name=Bundesregierung/> 1 Wisent 1 MC visually confirmed destroyed in combat.<ref name=OryxLosses/>
|-
| Fahrschulpanzer drive trainer || 2 || {{GER}} || 2 ex-Belgian Leopard 1A5BEs acquired from OIP Land Systems were converted into drive training vehicles by Rheinmetall and delivered to Ukraine in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-01-27|title=Rheinmetall: A Powerful Partner at Ukrain'e Side |url=https://www.rheinmetall.com/en/media/stories/2023/rheinmetall-a-powerful-partner-at-ukraine-side |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Rheinmetall.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Former operators ===
* {{flag|Australia}} – 90 Leopard 1A4s ("Leopard AS1") originally purchased and entered service in 1977 along with 5 Bridge-layers and 8 Armoured Recovery Vehicles. Retired in 2007 and replaced with 59 M1A1 Abrams from the US. 30 Leopard AS1 tanks were gifted to various veterans organizations throughout Australia, the remaining tanks and specialized vehicles were sold to defense companies.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2015|title=The Leopard Tank |url= https://www.cooktownandcapeyork.com/go/cooktown/leopardtank |website=Explore Cooktown and Cape York |access-date=2023-03-31}}</ref>
* {{flag|Belgium}} – 334 originally purchased. 132 upgraded to Leopard 1A5BE standard. Retired and replaced by 21 Mowag [[Piranha III]] with a 90&nbsp;mm cannon.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mil.be/nl/persberichten/laatste-schot-leopard-tank |title=Laatste schot Leopard-tank &#124; Belgium Defence |language= nl |publisher=Mil.be |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024216/http://www.mil.be/nl/persberichten/laatste-schot-leopard-tank |archive-date=2015-11-17 |url-status=live }}</ref> 50 were owned by OIP Land Systems and stored in Belgium for resale as of January 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 January 2023 |title= Belgian buyer of Europe's spare tanks hopes they see action in Ukraine |work=Guardian |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/31/ukraine-europe-tanks-belgian-buyer-oip |access-date=21 March 2023}}</ref> These were all purchased by Rheinmetall in July 2023 for use in Ukraine.
* {{flag|Canada}} – 114 Leopard C1 tanks originally ordered (equivalent to Leopard 1A3 with laser rangefinder) and received in 1978–79. 66 upgraded to Leopard C2 (Leopard 1A5 equivalent) beginning in 1996, some with additional MEXAS armour kits. 23 Leopard C1 were sold to companies in North America, 4 put in museums or used as monuments, and 21 decommissioned and turned into range targets in the early 2000s.<ref>{{Citation |title= Leopard Tank |publisher= Military History Books by Harold A Skaarup |last= Skaarup | first=Harold Aage |url=https://www.silverhawkauthor.com/post/leopard-tank |access-date= 2023-03-31}}</ref> The Leopard C2 was in active service from 1997 until 2017 and replaced with Leopard 2s. At least 3 Leopard C2 tanks were destroyed and 15 were damaged during [[Canada in the War in Afghanistan|Canada's operations in Afghanistan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://o.canada.com/2012/07/19/78433/ |title= Canadian military lost 34 vehicles in Afghanistan, 359 damaged|publisher=Canada.ca|date=July 20, 2012|access-date=April 3, 2023|url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120720203223/http://o.canada.com/2012/07/19/78433/|archive-date=July 20, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Efforts were made to sell the retired Leopard C2 tanks to Jordan, but the deal fell through in 2018. 11 of the C2 tanks were given to museums.<ref>{{Citation |title= Exclusive: Canada gives up on selling old Leopard 1 tanks |publisher= Global News|url=https://globalnews.ca/video/4319050/exclusive-canada/ |date=2018-07-07 |access-date = 2023-03-10}}</ref> In 2021, around 45 of the remaining Leopard C2 tanks in storage were sent to Vegreville, Alberta to be converted into target pieces by Quest Disposal & Recycling Inc. for use at the Cold Lake Air Weapons Range.<ref>{{Citation |title= Repurposed Leopard 1 tanks invade Vegreville |publisher= Global News|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8480175/repurposed-leopard-1-tanks-vegreville/ |date=2021-12-30 |access-date = 2023-03-10}}</ref> Brückenlegepanzer "Beaver" AVLB retired from service around 2017, and Pionierpanzer 2 "Badger" AEV retired in 2018 and replaced with [[Leopard 2#Engineering and driver training tanks|WISENT 2 "Ram"]] manufactured in New Brunswick by FFG's Canadian subsidiary. Bergepanzer 2 ARV "Taurus" was still present on the Government of Canada's list of Armed Forces equipment as of February 2021.<ref>{{Citation |title= Taurus Armoured Recovery Vehicle (ARV) |publisher= Government of Canada |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/army/services/equipment/vehicles/armoured-recovery-vehicle.html |date=2021-02-10 |access-date = 2023-03-10}}</ref> Retired and replaced with [[Leopard 2#Engineering and driver training tanks|Bergepanzer BPz3 "Mammoth"]].

=== Failed bids ===
* {{flag|Ecuador}} – Ecuador sought to purchase 30 Leopard 1V tanks from Chile in 2009, but the deal ultimately fell through.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/3073796/ecuador-30-anos-busca-tanque |title=Ecuador, 30 años en busca de un tanque |website=Info Defensa |date= 16 May 2018 |language=es}}</ref><ref name=PucaraDefense/>
* {{flag|Lebanon}} – in 2007 Lebanon and Belgium signed a deal worth 3.5 million euros that would transfer 43 Leopard 1A5BE tanks and other armoured vehicles to the [[Lebanese Armed Forces]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mplbelgique.wordpress.com/2008/08/27/feu-vert-pour-la-vente-darmes-belges-au-liban/|title=Feu vert pour la vente d'armes belges au Liban|date=August 27, 2008|work=RTL info|publisher=Mouvement pour le Liban|access-date=2008-12-11|language=fr|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081227005550/http://mplbelgique.wordpress.com/2008/08/27/feu-vert-pour-la-vente-darmes-belges-au-liban/|archive-date= December 27, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.fr.be.msn.com/politique/article.aspx?cp-documentid=7126112 |title=Le Liban achète 71 blindés à la Belgique, dont 43 chars Leopard |date=December 31, 2007 |publisher=MSN Actualités |language=fr |access-date=2008-12-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081205122951/http://news.fr.be.msn.com/politique/article.aspx?cp-documentid=7126112 |archive-date=December 5, 2008 }}</ref> The Belgian APCs were delivered, however as of 2010 the 43 Leopard 1A5BE were not transferred due to the lack of an export permit from Germany. It is unclear if this export permit was ever granted as of 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://milinme.wordpress.com/2010/11/25/lebanon-still-waiting-for-its-leopard-tanks-purchased-from-belgium/|title=Lebanon still waiting for its Leopard tanks purchased from Belgium|date=25 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2020/12/08/belgium-ditched-its-tanks-too-and-never-got-them-back/|title=Belgium Ditched Its Tanks—And Never Got Them Back|first=David|last=Axe|website=Forbes}}</ref><ref name="thedrive.com"/>