Editing Multinational state (section)

==== Russia ====
{{main|Ethnic groups in Russia}}

[[File:Two largest ethnic minority by federal subject 2010.jpg|thumb|250px|The largest two ethnic groups, excluding Russians, in each region (Census 2010)]]
Russia is a multinational state, and is home to over 193 ethnic groups. In the 2010 Census, roughly 81% of the population were ethnic [[Russians]],<ref name="ethnicgroups">[http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_02.php Ethnic groups in Russia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622084055/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_02.php |date=22 June 2011}}, 2002 census, ''Demoscope Weekly''. Retrieved 5 February 2009.</ref> and 19% of the population were minorities;<ref name="perepis-2010.ru">{{cite web|url=http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/result-december-2011.ppt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118212344/http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/result-december-2011.ppt|archive-date=18 January 2012|title=ВПН-2010|website=perepis-2010.ru}}</ref> while around 84.93% of the Russia's population was of [[Ethnic groups of Europe|European descent]],<ref name="perepis-2010.ru" /> of which the vast majority were [[Slavs]] as well as minorities of [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]], [[Baltic-Finnic peoples|Baltic-Finns]] and other peoples. There are [[Republics of Russia|22 republics]] in Russia, designated to have their own ethnicities, cultures, and languages. In 13 of them, ethnic Russians [[Republics of Russia#Demographics trend|consist a minority]]. According to the [[United Nations]], Russia's [[Immigration to Russia|immigrant population]] is the third-largest in the world, numbering over 11.6 million;<ref>{{cite news|last=Kirk|first=Ashley|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/12111108/Mapped-Which-country-has-the-most-immigrants.html|title=Mapped: Which country has the most immigrants?|date=21 January 2016|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> most of which are from [[post-Soviet states]], mainly [[Ukrainians in Russia|Ukrainians]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-03/russia-and-ukraine-fight-but-their-people-want-reconciliation|title=Russia and Ukraine Fight, But Their People Seek Reconciliation|work=[[Bloomberg L.P.]]|author=Leonid Ragozin|date=3 April 2019|access-date=19 April 2021}}</ref> The republics are [[Tatarstan]] ([[Volga Tatars]]), [[Bashkortostan]] ([[Bashkirs]], [[Volga Tatars]]), [[Chuvashia]] ([[Chuvash people|Chuvash]]), [[Adygea]] ([[Circassians#Ethnonyms|Adyghe]]), [[Karachay-Cherkessia]] ([[Circassians#Ethnonyms|Cherkess of Karachay-Cherkessia]], [[Karachays]], [[Nogais]], [[Abazins|Abaza]]), [[Kabardino-Balkaria]] ([[Kabardians|Kabardins]] & [[Balkars]]), [[Chechnya]] ([[Chechens]]), [[Mordovia]] ([[Mordvin people|Mordvin]]), [[Udmurtia]] ([[Udmurts]]), [[Mari El]] ([[Mari people|Mari]]), [[Kalmykia]] ([[Kalmyks]]), the [[Komi Republic]] ([[Komi peoples|Komi]]), [[Karelia]] ([[Karelians]], ethnic [[Finns]], [[Vepsians]]), [[Ingushetia]] ([[Ingushs]]), [[North Ossetia-Alania]] ([[Ossetians]]), [[Sakha Republic|Sakha]] ([[Yakuts]], [[Evenki people|Evenki]], [[Evens]], [[Dolgans]], [[Yukaghir people|Yukaghir]]), [[Buryatia]] ([[Buryats]]), [[Khakassia]] ([[Khakas]]), the [[Altai Republic]] ([[Altai people|Altai]], ethnic [[Kazakhs in Russia|Kazakhs]]), [[Tuva]] ([[Tuvans]]), and [[Dagestan]] (ethnic [[Azerbaijanis in Russia|Azerbaijanis]], [[Chechens]], [[Caucasian Avars|Avars]], [[Dargins]], [[Kumyks]], [[Lezgins]], [[Lak people (Dagestan)|Laks]], [[Tabasaran people|Tabasarans]], [[Nogais]], [[Aguls]], [[Rutuls]], [[Tsakhurs]], [[Tat people (Caucasus)|Tats]] and others). There are also 4 [[Autonomous okrugs of Russia|autonomous okrugs]] which are [[Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug]] ([[Khanty]] & [[Mansi people|Mansi]]), [[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]] ([[Nenets people|Nenets]]), [[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]] ([[Nenets people|Nenets]], [[Selkup people|Selkup]]), and [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]] ([[Chukchi people|Chukchi]]), 1 [[Autonomous oblast of Russia|autonomous oblast]], it is [[Jewish autonomous oblast]] ([[Jewish people|Jews]], but there are a few of them, because of migration to [[Israel]] after [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]]), 6 [[Administrative-territorial units with a special status of Russia|administrative-territorial units with a special status]], which are [[Agin-Buryat Okrug]] ([[Buryats]]) in [[Zabaykalsky Krai]], [[Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug]] ([[Buryats]]) in [[Irkutsk Oblast]], [[Koryak Okrug]] ([[Koryaks]]) in [[Kamchatka Krai]], [[Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District]] ([[Dolgans]], [[Nenets]], [[Enets]], [[Nganasans]]) and [[Evenkiysky District]] ([[Evenks|Evenki]]) in [[Krasnoyarsky Krai]], [[Komi-Permyak Okrug]] ([[Komi peoples|Komi]]) in [[Perm Krai]]. 

The Tatars, Bashkirs, and Chechens are three predominantly [[Muslims|Muslim]] minorities in the country. Russia is also home to small [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] populations, such as the [[nomad]]ic Buryats in Buryatia, and the Kalmyks; native to Kalmykia, the only Buddhist region in Europe. There are also the [[Shamanism|Shamanistic]] peoples of [[Siberia]] and the [[Far North (Russia)|Far North]]; the [[Finno-Ugric peoples]] of [[Northwest Russia]] and the [[Volga region]]; the [[Sakhalin Koreans|Korean inhabitants of Sakhalin]]; and the diverse peoples of the [[North Caucasus]].<ref>[http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_02.php Ethnic groups in Russia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622084055/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_02.php |date=2011-06-22 }}, at demoscope.ru</ref>

Russia's [[official language]] is [[Russian language|Russian]]. However, Russia's 193 minority ethnic groups speak over 100 languages.<ref name="britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Russia/Mixed-and-deciduous-forest#ref38596|title=Russia|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]|access-date=8 November 2020}}</ref> According to the 2002 Census, 142.6 million people speak Russian, followed by [[Tatar language|Tatar]] with 5.3 million, and [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] with 1.8 million speakers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perepis2002.ru/index.html?id=87 |title=Russian Census of 2002 |website=4.3. Population by nationalities and knowledge of Russian; 4.4. Spreading of knowledge of languages (except Russian) |publisher=[[Rosstat]]|access-date=16 January 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719233704/http://www.perepis2002.ru/index.html?id=87|archive-date=19 July 2011}}</ref> The constitution gives the individual republics of the country the right to [[Languages of Russia#Official languages|establish their own state languages]] in addition to Russian.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Constitution of the Russian Federation|website=(Article 68, §&nbsp;2)|url=http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-04.htm|access-date=27 December 2007}}</ref>