Editing Name change (section)

===Philippines===
2001 RA 9048 amends Articles 376 and 412 of the [[Civil Code of the Philippines]], which prohibit the change of name or surname of a person, or any correction or change of entry in a civil register without a judicial order. Administrative Order No. 1 Series of 2001, implemented the law.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov.ph/data/civilreg/irr_ra9048.html |title=Administrative Order No. 1, Series of 2001 |website=Republic of the Philippines National Statistics Office |access-date=July 13, 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621060551/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/civilreg/irr_ra9048.html |archive-date=June 21, 2008}}</ref> It authorizes the city or municipal civil registrar or the consul general to correct a clerical or typographical error in an entry or change the first name or nickname in the civil register without need of a judicial order.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov.ph/data/civilreg/primerra9048.html |title=Civil Registration – Primer for RA 9048 |website=Republic of the Philippines National Statistics Office |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212183553/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/civilreg/primerra9048.html |archive-date=February 12, 2012}}</ref><ref name=ChanRobles-Philippines-RA9048>{{cite web |url=http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno9048.htm |title=Republic Act No. 9048: An Act Authorizing the City or Municipal Civil Registrar or the Consul General to correct a clerical or typographical error in an entry and/or change of first name or nickname in the Civil Register without need of a Judicial Order, amending for this purpose Articles 376 and 412 of the Civil Code of the Philippines |date=March 22, 2001 |website=Chan Robles Virtual Law Library}}</ref>

The first name or nickname on the civil register may be changed under any of the following circumstances:<ref name=ChanRobles-Philippines-RA9048 />
* when the first name or nickname on the civil register is ridiculous, tainted with dishonor or extremely difficult to pronounce;
* when the new first name or nickname has been used habitually and continuously by the applicant and they have been publicly known by the new first name or nickname in the community; or
* when the change will avoid confusion.

====Name and gender change====
In case of controversial and substantial changes, [[Philippines]] [[jurisprudence]] requires full-blown court [[lawsuit]], that must include the local civil registrar in the petition, since RA 9048 and Rule 108 (Cancellation or correction of entries in the Civil Registry) of the Rules of Court do not allow the change of sex in a birth certificate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chanrobles.com/rulesofcourtspecialproceedings.htm#RULE%20108 |title=Special Proceedings: Rule 108 ~ Cancellation or correction of entries in the Civil Registry |website=Chan Robles Virtual Law Library}}</ref>

The only landmark case in the Philippines on name and legal sex change is the Jeff Cagandahan case. The [[Supreme Court of the Philippines]] Justice [[Leonardo Quisumbing]] on September 12, 2008, allowed Cagandahan, 27, who has [[congenital adrenal hyperplasia]], to change the name on his [[birth certificate]] to read Jeff, and his legal gender to male.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20080917-161148/Call-him-Jeff-says-SC-he-used-to-be-called-Jennifer |title=Call him Jeff, says SC; he used to be called Jennifer |first=Leila |last=Salaverria |date=September 17, 2008 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808193038/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20080917-161148/Call-him-Jeff-says-SC-he-used-to-be-called-Jennifer |archive-date=August 8, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,24359150-401,00.html |title=Woman's body 'naturally' became male |date=September 16, 2008 |website=[[News.com.au]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216041937/http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,24359150-401,00.html |archive-date=February 16, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/rare-condition-turns-woman-into-man |title=Rare Condition Turns Woman Into Man |date=September 16, 2008 |website=[[Fox News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215192910/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,423242,00.html |archive-date=February 15, 2009}}</ref>