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===Lapsed members=== <!-- Editors, if this table is empty, please keep it here in comment brackets, as a placeholder until the next OPEC departure. --> {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |- ! scope="col" | Country ! scope="col" | Region ! scope="col" | Membership years<ref name="OPEC Member"/> ! scope="col" | Population<br />(2022)<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> ! scope="col" | Area<br />{{small|(km<sup>2</sup>)}}<ref name="CIA Area"/> ! scope="col" | [[List of countries by oil production|Oil production]]<br />{{small|([[Barrel (unit)|bbl]]/day, 2023)}}<ref name=":10" /> ! scope="col" | [[List of countries by proven oil reserves|Proven reserves]]<br />(2022)<ref name=":2" />{{Rp|page=22}} |- ! scope="row" | [[Angola]] | Southern Africa | data-sort-value="2007" | {{ubl|2007β2023<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2023 |title=Angola leaves Opec oil cartel in output quota row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-67793369 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221180523/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-67793369 |archive-date=21 December 2023 |website=[[BBC]].com}}</ref>}} | align=right | 35,588,987 | align=right | 1,246,700 | align=right | 1,144,402 | align=right | 2,550,000,000 |- ! scope="row" | [[Ecuador]] | South America | data-sort-value="1973" | {{ubl|1973β1992,|2007β2020<ref name="EcuadorExitStatement20200102">{{cite press release |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2 January 2020 |title=Comunicado Oficial |trans-title=Official Statement |language=es |url=https://www.recursosyenergia.gob.ec/comunicado-oficial-7/ |url-status=live |location=Metropolitan District of Quito, Ecuador |publisher=Ministry of Energy and Non-Renewable Natural Resources |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107043240/https://www.recursosyenergia.gob.ec/comunicado-oficial-7/ |archive-date=7 January 2020 |access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref>}} | align=right | 18,001.000 | align=right | 283,560 | align=right | 475,274 | align=right | 8,273,000,000 |- ! scope="row" | [[Indonesia]] | Southeast Asia | data-sort-value="1962" | {{ubl|1962β2008,|JanβNov 2016}} | align=right | 275,501,000 | align=right | 1,904,569 | align=right | 608,299 | align=right | 2,250,000,000 |- ! scope="row" | [[Qatar]] | Middle East | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961β2019<ref name="qtrleave"/> | align=right | 2,695,122 | align=right | 11,437 | align=right | 1,322,000 | align=right | 25,244,000,000 |- |} For countries that export petroleum at relatively low volume, their limited negotiating power as OPEC members would not necessarily justify the burdens imposed by OPEC [[production quota]]s and membership costs. [[Ecuador]] withdrew from OPEC in December 1992, because it was unwilling to pay the annual US$2 million membership fee and felt that it needed to produce more oil than it was allowed under its OPEC quota at the time.<ref name=Ecuador/> Ecuador then rejoined in October 2007 before leaving again in January 2020.<ref name="eqrleave">{{cite web | url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/ecuador-to-leave-opec-in-january-amid-efforts-to-boost-income-1.1324853 | title=Ecuador to Leave OPEC in January Amid Efforts to Boost Income | first=Kueffner | last=Stephan | date=1 October 2019 | website=bnnbloomberg.ca | access-date=6 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006225119/https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/ecuador-to-leave-opec-in-january-amid-efforts-to-boost-income-1.1324853 | archive-date=6 October 2019| url-status=live}}</ref> Ecuador's Ministry of Energy and Non-Renewable Natural Resources released an official statement on 2 January 2020 which confirmed that Ecuador had left OPEC.<ref name="EcuadorExitStatement20200102"/> Similar concerns prompted [[Gabon]] to suspend membership in January 1995;<ref name=Gabon/> it rejoined in July 2016. In May 2008, [[Indonesia]] announced that it would leave OPEC when its membership expired at the end of that year, having become a net importer of oil and being unable to meet its production quota.<ref name=Indonesia/> It rejoined the organization in January 2016,<ref name="OPEC Member"/> but announced another "temporary suspension" of its membership at year-end when OPEC requested a 5% production cut.<ref name=LeavingAgain>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-opec-meeting-indonesia-idUSKBN13Q3M7 |title=Net oil importer Indonesia leaves producer club OPEC, again |first1=Fergus |last1=Jensen |first2=Wilda |last2=Asmarini |work=Reuters |date=1 December 2016 |access-date=1 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201141227/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-opec-meeting-indonesia-idUSKBN13Q3M7 |archive-date=1 December 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Qatar left OPEC on 1 January 2019, after joining the organization in 1961, to focus on [[natural gas]] production, of which it is the world's largest exporter in the form of [[Liquefied natural gas|liquified natural gas]] (LNG).<ref name="qtrleave">{{cite web | url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/03/business/qatar-opec-withdrawal/index.html | title=Qatar is pulling out of OPEC to focus on gas | first=Zahraa | last=Alkhalisi | date=3 December 2018 | publisher=CNN | access-date=3 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203142630/https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/03/business/qatar-opec-withdrawal/index.html | archive-date=3 December 2018| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2018/12/08/qatar-quit-opec-because-of-politics-not-oil |title=Qatar quit OPEC because of politics, not oil |date=6 December 2018|newspaper=[[The Economist]] |access-date=25 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126000855/https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2018/12/08/qatar-quit-opec-because-of-politics-not-oil|archive-date=26 January 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> In an OPEC meeting in November 2023, Nigeria and Angola, the biggest oil producers in Sub-Saharan Africa, expressed their discontent over OPEC's quotas which, according to them, blocked their efforts to ramp up oil production and boost their foreign reserves. In December 2023, Angola announced it was leaving the OPEC because it disagreed with the organization's production quotas scheme.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-21 |title=Angola to quit OPEC over oil production quotas disagreement |url=https://news.yahoo.com/angola-quit-opec-over-oil-133032949.html |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=Yahoo News |language=en-US}}</ref>
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