Editing PostgreSQL (section)

== Release history ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+ Release history
|-
! scope="col" | Release
! scope="col" | First release
! scope="col" | Latest minor version
! scope="col" | Latest release
! scope="col" | End of<br />life<ref>{{cite web |title=Versioning policy |publisher=PostgreSQL Global Development Group |url=https://www.postgresql.org/support/versioning/ |access-date=October 4, 2018}}</ref>
! scope="col" | Milestones
|-
! scope="row" | 6.0
| style=white-space:nowrap | 1997-01-29
| {{NA}}
| {{NA}}
| {{NA}}
| First formal release of PostgreSQL, unique indexes, pg_dumpall utility, ident authentication
|-
! scope="row" | 6.1
| style=white-space:nowrap | 1997-06-08
| {{Version |o |6.1.1 |style=text-align:center; white-space:nowrap}}
| 1997-07-22
| {{NA}}
| Multicolumn indexes, sequences, money data type, GEQO (GEnetic Query Optimizer)
|-
! scope="row" | 6.2
| 1997-10-02
| {{Version |o |6.2.1 |style=text-align:center}}
| 1997-10-17
| {{NA}}
| JDBC interface, triggers, server programming interface, constraints
|-
! scope="row" | 6.3
| 1998-03-01
| {{Version |o |6.3.2 |style=text-align:center}}
| 1998-04-07
| 2003-03-01
| SQL-92 subselect ability, PL/pgTCL
|-
! scope="row" | 6.4
| 1998-10-30
| {{Version |o |6.4.2 |style=text-align:center}}
| 1998-12-20
| 2003-10-30
| VIEWs (then only read-only) and RULEs, [[PL/pgSQL]]
|-
! scope="row" | 6.5
| 1999-06-09
| {{Version |o |6.5.3 |style=text-align:center}}
| style=white-space:nowrap | 1999-10-13
| style=white-space:nowrap | 2004-06-09
| [[Multiversion concurrency control|MVCC]], temporary tables, more SQL statement support (CASE, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT)
|-
! scope="row" | 7.0
| 2000-05-08
| {{Version |o |7.0.3 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2000-11-11
| 2004-05-08
| Foreign keys, SQL-92 syntax for joins
|-
! scope="row" | 7.1
| 2001-04-13
| {{Version |o |7.1.3 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2001-08-15
| 2006-04-13
| Write-ahead log, outer joins
|-
! scope="row" | 7.2
| 2002-02-04
| {{Version |o |7.2.8 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2005-05-09
| 2007-02-04
| PL/Python, [[Object identifier|OIDs]] no longer required, [[Internationalization and localization|internationalization]] of messages
|-
! scope="row" | 7.3
| 2002-11-27
| {{Version |o |7.3.21 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2008-01-07
| 2007-11-27
| Schema, table function, [[prepared query]]<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Lisa |last=Vaas |date=December 2, 2002 |title=Databases Target Enterprises |url=https://www.eweek.com/c/a/Database/Databases-Target-Enterprises |magazine=[[eWeek]] |access-date=October 29, 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 7.4
| 2003-11-17
| {{Version |o |7.4.30 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2010-10-04
| 2010-10-01
| Optimization on JOINs and [[data warehouse]] functions<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Krill |first=Paul |date=November 20, 2003 |title=PostgreSQL boosts open source database |url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/2670451/database/postgresql-boosts-open-source-database.html |magazine=[[InfoWorld]] |access-date=October 21, 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 8.0
| 2005-01-19
| {{Version |o |8.0.26 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2010-10-04
| 2010-10-01
| Native server on [[Microsoft Windows]], [[savepoint]]s, [[tablespace]]s, [[point-in-time recovery]]<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Krill |first=Paul |date=January 19, 2005 |title=PostgreSQL open source database boasts Windows boost |url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/2668622/operating-systems/postgresql-open-source-database-boasts-windows-boost.html |magazine=[[InfoWorld]] |access-date=November 2, 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 8.1
| 2005-11-08
| {{Version |o |8.1.23 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2010-12-16
| 2010-11-08
| Performance optimization, two-phase commit, table [[Partition (database)|partitioning]], index bitmap scan, shared row locking, roles
|-
! scope="row" | 8.2
| 2006-12-05
| {{Version |o |8.2.23 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2011-12-05
| 2011-12-05
| Performance optimization, online index builds, advisory locks, warm standby<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Weiss |first=Todd R. |date=December 5, 2006 |title=Version 8.2 of open-source PostgreSQL DB released |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2548483 |magazine=[[Computerworld]] |access-date=October 17, 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 8.3
| 2008-02-04
| {{Version |o |8.3.23 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2013-02-07
| 2013-02-07
| Heap-only tuples, [[full text search]],<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Gilbertson |first=Scott |date=February 5, 2008 |title=PostgreSQL 8.3: Open Source Database Promises Blazing Speed |url=https://www.wired.com/2008/02/postgresql_8dot3_open_source_database_promises_blazing_speed/ |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |access-date=October 17, 2016}}</ref> [[SQL/XML]], ENUM types, [[Universally unique identifier|UUID]] types
|-
! scope="row" | 8.4
| 2009-07-01
| {{Version |o |8.4.22 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2014-07-24
| 2014-07-24
| [[Window function (SQL)|Window functions]], column-level permissions, parallel database restore, per-database collation, [[common table expressions]] and recursive queries<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Huber |first=Mathias |date=July 2, 2009 |title=PostgreSQL 8.4 Proves Feature-Rich |url=https://www.linux-magazine.com/Online/News/PostgreSQL-8.4-Proves-Feature-Rich/(language)/eng-US |magazine=[[Linux Magazine]] |access-date=October 17, 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 9.0
| 2010-09-20
| {{Version |o |9.0.23 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2015-10-08
| 2015-10-08
| Built-in binary streaming [[Replication (computing)|replication]], [[hot standby]], in-place upgrade ability, 64-bit Windows<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.linux.com/news/five-enterprise-features-postgresql-9 |title=Five Enterprise Features in PostgreSQL 9 |last=Brockmeier |first=Joe |date=September 30, 2010 |website=[[Linux.com]] |publisher=[[Linux Foundation]] |access-date=February 6, 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 9.1
| 2011-09-12
| {{Version |o |9.1.24 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2016-10-27
| 2016-10-27
| [[Synchronous replication]], per-column [[collation]]s, unlogged tables, [[serializable snapshot isolation]], writeable common table expressions, [[Security-Enhanced Linux|SELinux]] integration, extensions, foreign tables<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Timothy Prickett Morgan |date=September 12, 2011 |title=PostgreSQL revs to 9.1, aims for enterprise |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/09/12/postgresql_9_1_cloud_server/ |magazine=[[The Register]] |access-date=February 6, 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 9.2
| 2012-09-10<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/1415/ |title=PostgreSQL: PostgreSQL 9.2 released |website=www.postgresql.org|date=September 10, 2012 }}</ref>
| {{Version |o |9.2.24 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2017-11-09
| 2017-11-09
| Cascading streaming replication, index-only scans, native [[JSON]] support, improved lock management, range types, pg_receivexlog tool, space-partitioned GiST indexes
|-
! scope="row" | 9.3
| 2013-09-09
| {{Version |o |9.3.25 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2018-11-08
| 2018-11-08
| Custom background workers, data checksums, dedicated JSON operators, LATERAL JOIN, faster pg_dump, new pg_isready server monitoring tool, trigger features, view features, writeable foreign tables, [[materialized view]]s, replication improvements
|-
! scope="row" | 9.4
| 2014-12-18
| {{Version |o |9.4.26 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2020-02-13
| 2020-02-13
| JSONB data type, ALTER SYSTEM statement for changing config values, ability to refresh materialized views without blocking reads, dynamic registration/start/stop of background worker processes, Logical Decoding API, GiN index improvements, Linux huge page support, database cache reloading via pg_prewarm, reintroducing Hstore as the column type of choice for document-style data.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.infoq.com/news/2013/11/Nested-Hstore |title=Reintroducing Hstore for PostgreSQL |website=InfoQ}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 9.5
| 2016-01-07
| {{Version |o |9.5.25 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2021-02-11
| 2021-02-11
| UPSERT, [[row level security]], TABLESAMPLE, CUBE/ROLLUP, GROUPING SETS, and new [[Block Range Index|BRIN]] index<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Richard |first=Chirgwin |date=January 7, 2016 |title=Say oops, UPSERT your head: PostgreSQL version 9.5 has landed |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/01/07/postgresql_95_lands/ |magazine=[[The Register]] |access-date=October 17, 2016}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 9.6
| 2016-09-29
| {{Version |o |9.6.24 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2021-11-11
| 2021-11-11
| Parallel query support, PostgreSQL foreign data wrapper (FDW) improvements with sort/join pushdown, multiple synchronous standbys, faster [[vacuum]]ing of large table
|-
! scope="row" | 10
| 2017-10-05
| {{Version |o |10.23 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2022-11-10
| 2022-11-10
| Logical replication,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/logical-replication.html |title=PostgreSQL: Documentation: 10: Chapter&nbsp;31.&nbsp;Logical Replication |website=www.postgresql.org|date=August 12, 2021 }}</ref> declarative table partitioning, improved query parallelism
|-
! scope="row" | 11
| 2018-10-18
| {{Version |o |11.22 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2023-11-09
| 2023-11-09
| Increased robustness and performance for partitioning, transactions supported in stored procedures, enhanced abilities for query parallelism, just-in-time (JIT) compiling for expressions<ref>{{cite web |title=PostgreSQL 11 Released |date=October 18, 2018 |url=https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/1894/ |access-date=October 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PostgreSQLRelease Notes |url=https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/static/release-11.html |access-date=October 18, 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 12
| 2019-10-03
| {{Version |o |12.22 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2024-11-21
| 2024-11-21
| Improvements to query performance and space utilization; SQL/JSON path expression support; generated columns; improvements to internationalization, and authentication; new pluggable table storage interface.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/1976/|title=PostgreSQL: PostgreSQL 12 Released!|newspaper=Postgresql News|date=October 3, 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 13
| 2020-09-24
| {{Version |co |13.21 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2025-05-08
| 2025-11-13
| Space savings and performance gains from de-duplication of B-tree index entries, improved performance for queries that use aggregates or partitioned tables, better query planning when using extended statistics, parallelized vacuuming of indexes, incremental sorting<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.postgresql.org/docs/13/release-13.html|title=PostgreSQL 13 Release Notes|website=www.postgresql.org|date=August 12, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/postgresql-13-released-2077/|title=PostgreSQL 13 Released!|website=www.postgresql.org|date=September 24, 2020}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 14
| 2021-09-30
| {{Version |co |14.18 |style=text-align:center; white-space:nowrap}}
| 2025-05-08
| 2026-11-12
| Added SQL-standard SEARCH and CYCLE clauses for common table expressions, allow DISTINCT to be added to GROUP BY<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.postgresql.org/docs/14/release-14.html|title=PostgreSQL 14 Release Notes|website=www.postgresql.org|date=November 11, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/postgresql-14-released-2318/|title=PostgreSQL 14 Released!|website=www.postgresql.org|date=September 30, 2021}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 15
| 2022-10-13
| {{Version |co |15.13 |style=text-align:center}}
| 2025-05-08
| 2027-11-11
| Implements SQL-standard [[Merge (SQL)|MERGE]] statement. PL/Python now only supports current {{nowrap|Python 3}}, and {{code|plpythonu}} now means {{nowrap|Python 3}}, no longer the discontinued {{nowrap|Python 2}}.
|-
! scope="row" | 16
| 2023-09-14
| {{Version |co |16.9 |style=text-align:center; white-space:nowrap}}
| 2025-05-08
| 2028-11-09
| Improvements to logical replication, pg_stat_io view (for I/O metrics)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/postgresql-16-released-2715/ | title=PostgreSQL 16 Released! | date=September 14, 2023 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 17
| 2024-09-26
| {{Version |c |17.5 |style=text-align:center; white-space:nowrap}}
| 2025-05-08
| 2029-11-08
| Performance boosts to the vacuum process, I/O layer, and query execution, expanding JSON functionality, more features to MERGE and improving COPY; enhances logical replication for high availability and upgrades, improvements to security, operations, monitoring, and analysis.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/postgresql-17-released-2936/ | title=PostgreSQL 17 Released! | date=September 26, 2024 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 18
| {{sdash}}
| {{Version |p |18 Beta 1 |style=text-align:center; white-space:nowrap}}
| 2025-05-08
| {{sdash}}
| <!-- TODO, or wait until release -->
|}
{{Version |l |show=111111}}
{{Timeline PostgreSQL}}