Editing Rendering (computer graphics) (section)

== Chronology of algorithms and techniques<span class="anchor" id="Chronology of concepts"></span><span class="anchor" id="Chronology of important published ideas"></span> ==
The following is a rough timeline of frequently mentioned rendering techniques, including areas of current research. Note that even in cases where an idea was named in a specific paper, there were almost always multiple researchers or teams working in the same area (including earlier related work). When a method is first proposed it is often very inefficient, and it takes additional research and practical efforts to turn it into a useful technique.{{r|Glassner95|p=887}}

The list focuses on academic research and does not include hardware. (For more history see [[#External links]], as well as [[Computer graphics#History]] and [[Golden age of arcade video games#Technology]].)

{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* 1760 - [[Lambertian reflectance|Lambertian reflectance model]]{{r|n=AkenineMöller2018|loc=5.2}}
* 1931 - [[CIE 1931 color space|Standardized RGB representation of color]]
* 1967 - Torrance-Sparrow reflectance model<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Torrance |first1=K. E. |last2=Sparrow |first2=E. M. |title=Theory for Off-Specular Reflection from Roughened Surfaces |journal=Journal of the Optical Society of America |volume=57 |issue=9 |date=September 1967 |pages=1105–1114 |doi=10.1364/JOSA.57.001105 |bibcode=1967JOSA...57.1105T |url=https://www.graphics.cornell.edu/~westin/pubs/TorranceSparrowJOSA1967.pdf |access-date=4 December 2024}}</ref>
* 1968 - [[Ray casting]]{{r|Appel1968}}
* 1968 - [[Warnock algorithm|Warnock hidden surface removal]]{{r|Warnock1968}}{{r|Warnock1969}}
* 1970 - [[Scanline rendering]]{{r|Bouknight1970}}{{r|Watkins1970}}
* 1971 - [[Gouraud shading]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gouraud |first=H. |author-link=Henri Gouraud (computer scientist) |year=1971 |title=Continuous shading of curved surfaces |url=http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~cwyman/classes/spring05-22C251/papers/ContinuousShadingOfCurvedSurfaces.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=IEEE Transactions on Computers |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=623–629 |doi=10.1109/t-c.1971.223313 |s2cid=123827991 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702012343/http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~cwyman/classes/spring05-22C251/papers/ContinuousShadingOfCurvedSurfaces.pdf |archive-date=2010-07-02}}</ref>
* 1973 - [[Phong shading]]<ref name="phong">{{Cite web |title=History &#124; School of Computing |url=https://www.cs.utah.edu/about/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203035242/http://www.cs.utah.edu/dept/history/ |archive-date=2013-12-03 |access-date=2021-11-22 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=phong1975>{{Cite journal |last=Phong |first=B-T |author-link=Bui Tuong Phong |year=1975 |title=Illumination for computer generated pictures |url=http://jesper.kalliope.org/blog/library/p311-phong.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=18 |issue=6 |pages=311–316 |citeseerx=10.1.1.330.4718 |doi=10.1145/360825.360839 |s2cid=1439868 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327165141/http://jesper.kalliope.org/blog/library/p311-phong.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-27}}</ref>
* 1973 - [[Phong reflection model|Phong reflectance model]]<ref name=phong/><ref name=phong1975/>
* 1974 - [[Texture mapping]]{{r|Catmull1974}}
* 1974 - [[Z-buffering]]{{r|Catmull1974}}
* 1976 - [[Reflection mapping|Environment mapping]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Blinn |first1=J.F. |author-link=James F. Blinn |last2=Newell |first2=M.E. |author-link2=M. E. Newell |year=1976 |title=Texture and reflection in computer generated images |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=19 |issue=10 |pages=542–546 |citeseerx=10.1.1.87.8903 |doi=10.1145/360349.360353 |s2cid=408793}}</ref>
* 1977 - [[Blinn–Phong reflection model|Blinn–Phong reflectance model]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Blinn |first=James F. |date=20 July 1977 |title=Models of light reflection for computer synthesized pictures |journal=ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=192–198 |doi=10.1145/965141.563893 |via=dl.acm.org |doi-access=free}}</ref>
* 1977 - [[Shadow volume]]s<ref>{{Cite conference |last=Crow |first=F.C. |author-link=Franklin C. Crow |year=1977 |title=Shadow algorithms for computer graphics |url=http://design.osu.edu/carlson/history/PDFs/crow-shadows.pdf |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=242–248 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113074712/https://design.osu.edu/carlson/history/PDFs/crow-shadows.pdf |archive-date=2012-01-13 |access-date=2011-07-15 |book-title=Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1977) |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 1978 - [[Shadow mapping]]<ref>{{Cite conference |last=Williams |first=L. |author-link=Lance Williams (graphics researcher) |year=1978 |title=Casting curved shadows on curved surfaces |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=270–274 |citeseerx=10.1.1.134.8225 |book-title=Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1978)}}</ref>
* 1978 - [[Bump mapping]]<ref>{{Cite conference |last=Blinn |first=J.F. |author-link=James F. Blinn |year=1978 |title=Simulation of wrinkled surfaces |url=http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/73939/p286-blinn.pdf |conference=Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1978) |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=286–292 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121143525/http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/73939/p286-blinn.pdf |archive-date=2012-01-21 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* 1980 - [[Binary space partitioning|BSP trees]]<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Fuchs |first1=H. |author-link=Henry Fuchs |last2=Kedem |first2=Z.M. |author-link2=Zvi M. Kedem |last3=Naylor |first3=B.F. |author-link3=Bruce F. Naylor |year=1980 |title=On visible surface generation by a priori tree structures |conference=Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1980) |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=124–133 |citeseerx=10.1.1.112.4406}}</ref>
* 1980 - [[Ray tracing (graphics)|Ray tracing]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Whitted |first=T. |author-link=Turner Whitted |year=1980 |title=An improved illumination model for shaded display |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=23 |issue=6 |pages=343–349 |citeseerx=10.1.1.114.7629 |doi=10.1145/358876.358882 |s2cid=9524504}}</ref>
* 1981 - [[Specular highlight#Cook–Torrance model|Cook-Torrance reflectance model]]<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Cook |first1=R.L. |author-link=Robert L. Cook |last2=Torrance |first2=K.E. |author-link2=Kenneth E. Torrance |year=1981 |title=A reflectance model for computer graphics |conference=Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1981) |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=307–316 |citeseerx=10.1.1.88.7796}}</ref>
* 1983 - [[Mipmap|MIP maps]]<ref>{{Cite conference |last=Williams |first=L. |author-link=Lance Williams (graphics researcher) |year=1983 |title=Pyramidal parametrics |conference=Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1983) |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=1–11 |citeseerx=10.1.1.163.6298}}</ref>
* 1984 - [[Octree]] ray tracing<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Glassner |first=A.S. |author-link=Andrew Glassner |year=1984 |title=Space subdivision for fast ray tracing |journal=IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications |volume=4 |issue=10 |pages=15–22 |doi=10.1109/mcg.1984.6429331 |s2cid=16965964}}</ref>
* 1984 - [[Alpha compositing]]<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Porter |first1=T. |last2=Duff |first2=T. |author-link2=Tom Duff |year=1984 |title=Compositing digital images |url=http://keithp.com/~keithp/porterduff/p253-porter.pdf |conference=Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1984) |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=253–259 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216062332/http://keithp.com/~keithp/porterduff/p253-porter.pdf |archive-date=2015-02-16 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* 1984 - [[Distributed ray tracing]]<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Cook |first1=R.L. |author-link=Robert L. Cook |last2=Porter |first2=T. |last3=Carpenter |first3=L. |author-link3=Loren Carpenter |year=1984 |title=Distributed ray tracing |url=http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~nealen/teaching/cs428_fall09/readings/cook84.pdf |conference=Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1984) |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=137–145}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* 1984 - [[Radiosity (computer graphics)|Radiosity]] (method for non-trivial scenes in 1985)<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Goral |first1=C. |author-link=Cindy M. Goral |last2=Torrance |first2=K.E. |author-link2=Kenneth E. Torrance |last3=Greenberg |first3=D.P. |author-link3=Donald P. Greenberg |last4=Battaile |first4=B. |author-link4=Bennett Battaile |year=1984 |title=Modeling the interaction of light between diffuse surfaces |conference=Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1984) |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=213–222 |citeseerx=10.1.1.112.356}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Nishita | first1=Tomoyuki |author-link1=Tomoyuki Nishita | last2=Nakamae | first2=Eihachiro | title=Continuous tone representation of three-dimensional objects taking account of shadows and interreflection | journal=ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics | publisher=Association for Computing Machinery | date=July 1985 | volume=19 | issue=3 | pages=23–30 | doi=10.1145/325165.325169 | url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/325334.325169 | access-date=17 December 2024}}</ref>
* 1984 - [[A-buffer]]{{r|Carpenter1984}}
* 1985 - [[Hemicube (computer graphics)|Hemicube]] radiosity<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Cohen |first1=M.F. |author-link=Michael F. Cohen |last2=Greenberg |first2=D.P. |author-link2=Donald P. Greenberg |year=1985 |title=The hemi-cube: a radiosity solution for complex environments |url=http://www.arnetminer.org/dev.do?m=downloadpdf&url=http://arnetminer.org/pdf/PDFFiles2/--g---g-Index1255026826706/The%20hemi-cube%20%20a%20radiosity%20solution%20for%20complex%20environments1255058011060.pdf |conference=Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1985) |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=31–40 |doi=10.1145/325165.325171 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424063155/http://arnetminer.org/dev.do?m=downloadpdf&url=http%3A%2F%2Farnetminer.org%2Fpdf%2FPDFFiles2%2F--g---g-Index1255026826706%2FThe%2520hemi-cube%2520%2520a%2520radiosity%2520solution%2520for%2520complex%2520environments1255058011060.pdf |archive-date=2014-04-24 |access-date=2020-03-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 1986 - Light source tracing<ref>{{Cite conference |last=Arvo |first=J. |author-link=James Arvo |year=1986 |title=Backward ray tracing |conference=SIGGRAPH 1986 Developments in Ray Tracing course notes |citeseerx=10.1.1.31.581}}</ref>
* 1986 - [[Rendering equation]]{{r|n=Kajiya1986}}
* 1986 - [[Path tracing]]{{r|n=Kajiya1986}}
* 1987 - [[Reyes rendering]]{{r|Cook1987}}
* 1988 - Irradiance caching<ref>{{cite journal|title=A ray tracing solution for diffuse interreflection|last1=Ward|first1=Gregory J.|last2=Rubinstein|first2=Francis M.|last3=Clear|first3=Robert D.|journal=ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics|date=August 1988|volume=22|issue=4|pages=85–92 |doi=10.1145/378456.378490|url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/378456.378490|access-date=11 February 2025|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Ward|first1=Gregory J.|title=Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques|chapter=The RADIANCE lighting simulation and rendering system|year=1994|pages=459–472|doi=10.1145/192161.192286|isbn=978-0-89791-667-7|chapter-url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/192161.192286|access-date=11 February 2025}}</ref>{{r|Pharr2023_13fr}}
* 1991 - [[Xiaolin Wu's line algorithm|Xiaolin Wu line anti-aliasing]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wu, Xiaolin |title=An efficient antialiasing technique |journal=ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics |date=July 1991  |url=http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=122734 |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=143–152 |doi=10.1145/127719.122734 |isbn=978-0-89791-436-9|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Wu, Xiaolin |title=Graphics Gems II |publisher=Morgan Kaufmann |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-12-064480-3 |editor-last=James Arvo |location=San Francisco |pages=446–450 |chapter=Fast Anti-Aliased Circle Generation}}</ref>
* 1991 - Hierarchical radiosity<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Hanrahan |first1=P. |author-link=Pat Hanrahan |last2=Salzman |first2=D. |author-link2=David Salzman |last3=Aupperle |first3=L. |author-link3=Larry Aupperle |year=1991 |title=A rapid hierarchical radiosity algorithm |conference=Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1991) |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=197–206 |citeseerx=10.1.1.93.5694}}</ref>
* 1993 - [[Oren–Nayar reflectance model]]<ref name="oren-nayar">M. Oren and S.K. Nayar, "[http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/CAVE/publications/pdfs/Oren_SIGGRAPH94.pdf Generalization of Lambert's Reflectance Model] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215153120/http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/CAVE/publications/pdfs/Oren_SIGGRAPH94.pdf |date=2010-02-15 }}". SIGGRAPH. pp.239-246, Jul, 1994</ref>
* 1993 - [[Tone mapping]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tumblin |first1=J. |author-link=Jack Tumblin |last2=Rushmeier |first2=H.E. |author-link2=Holly Rushmeier |year=1993 |title=Tone reproduction for realistic computer generated images |url=http://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/3686/92-31.pdf?sequence=1 |url-status=live |journal=IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=42–48 |doi=10.1109/38.252554 |s2cid=6459836 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208231341/http://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/3686/92-31.pdf?sequence=1 |archive-date=2011-12-08}}</ref>
* 1993 - [[Subsurface scattering]]<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Hanrahan |first1=P. |author-link=Pat Hanrahan |last2=Krueger |first2=W. |author-link2=Wolfgang Krueger |year=1993 |title=Reflection from layered surfaces due to subsurface scattering |conference=Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1993) |volume=27 |pages=165–174 |citeseerx=10.1.1.57.9761}}</ref>
* 1993 - [[Path tracing#Bidirectional path tracing|Bidirectional path tracing]] (Lafortune & Willems formulation)<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Lafortune |first1=Eric |last2=Willems |first2=Yves |date=December 1993 |title=Bi-directional path tracing |url=https://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall03/cs526/papers/lafortune93.pdf |pages=145–153 |access-date=2 September 2024 |book-title=Proceedings of Third International Conference on Computational Graphics and Visualization Techniques (CompuGraphics) |archive-date=21 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521174659/https://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall03/cs526/papers/lafortune93.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 1994 - [[Ambient occlusion]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miller |first=Gavin |title=Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques - SIGGRAPH '94 |date=24 July 1994 |publisher=ACM |isbn=978-0897916677 |pages=319–326 |chapter=Efficient algorithms for local and global accessibility shading |doi=10.1145/192161.192244 |access-date=7 May 2018 |chapter-url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=192161.192244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122155805/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/192161.192244 |archive-date=22 November 2021 |url-status=live |via=dl.acm.org |s2cid=15271113}}</ref>
* 1995 - [[Photon mapping]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jensen |first1=H.W. |author-link=Henrik Wann Jensen |last2=Christensen |first2=N.J. |author-link2=Niels Jørgen Christensen |year=1995 |title=Photon maps in bidirectional monte carlo ray tracing of complex objects |journal=Computers & Graphics |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=215–224 |citeseerx=10.1.1.97.2724 |doi=10.1016/0097-8493(94)00145-o}}</ref>
* 1995 - Multiple importance sampling<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Veach |first1=Eric |last2=Guibas |first2=Leonidas J. |date=15 September 1995 |title=Optimally combining sampling techniques for Monte Carlo rendering |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/218380.218498 |pages=419–428 |doi=10.1145/218380.218498 |access-date=2 September 2024 |book-title=SIGGRAPH95: 22nd International ACM Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques |archive-date=26 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726032649/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/218380.218498 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 1997 - [[Path tracing#Bidirectional path tracing|Bidirectional path tracing]] (Veach & Guibas formulation)<ref name="Metropolis light transport">{{Cite conference |last1=Veach |first1=E. |author-link=Eric Veach |last2=Guibas |first2=L. |author-link2=Leonidas J. Guibas |year=1997 |title=Metropolis light transport |conference=Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1997) |volume=16 |pages=65–76 |citeseerx=10.1.1.88.944}}</ref>
* 1997 - [[Metropolis light transport]]<ref name="Metropolis light transport"/>
* 1997 - Instant Radiosity<ref>{{Cite conference |last=Keller |first=A. |author-link=Alex Keller |year=1997 |title=Instant Radiosity |conference=Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1997) |volume=24 |pages=49–56 |citeseerx=10.1.1.15.240}}</ref>
* 2002 - [[Precomputed Radiance Transfer]]<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Sloan |first1=P. |author-link=Peter Pike Sloan |last2=Kautz |first2=J. |author-link2=Jan Kautz |last3=Snyder |first3=J. |author-link3=John Snyder (computer scientist) |year=2002 |title=Precomputed Radiance Transfer for Real-Time Rendering in Dynamic, Low Frequency Lighting Environments |url=http://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/~jnkautz/projects/prt/prtSIG02.pdf |conference=Computer Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2002) |volume=29 |pages=527–536 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724151631/http://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/~jnkautz/projects/prt/prtSIG02.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 2002 - Primary sample space Metropolis light transport<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kelemen|first1=Csaba|last2=Szirmay-Kalos|first2=László|last3=Antal|first3=Gyorgy|last4=Csonka|first4=Ferenc|title=A Simple and Robust Mutation Strategy for the Metropolis Light Transport Algorithm|journal=Computer Graphics Forum|date=September 2002|volume=21|issue=3|pages=531–540 |doi=10.1111/1467-8659.t01-1-00703|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220507359|access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref>{{r|Pharr2023_13fr}}
* 2003 - [[Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories|MERL]] [[Bidirectional reflectance distribution function|BRDF]] database<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Matusik |first1=W. |last2=Pfister |first2=H. |last3=Brand |first3=M. |last4=McMillan |first4=L. |date=July 2003 |title=A Data-Driven Reflectance Model |journal=ACM Transactions on Graphics|volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=759–769 |doi=10.1145/882262.882343|hdl=1721.1/87454 |url=https://www.merl.com/publications/TR2003-83 |access-date=23 November 2024|hdl-access=free }}</ref>
* 2005 - Lightcuts<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Walter|first1=Bruce|last2=Fernandez|first2=Sebastian|last3=Arbree|first3=Adam|last4=Bala|first4=Kavita|author-link4=Kavita Bala|last5=Donikian|first5=Michael|last6=Greenberg|first6=Donald P.|author-link6=Donald P. Greenberg|date=July 2005|title=Lightcuts: A scalable approach to illumination|journal=ACM Transactions on Graphics|volume=24|issue=3|pages=1098–1107|doi=10.1145/1073204.1073318|url=https://www.graphics.cornell.edu/~bjw/lightcuts.pdf|access-date=10 February 2025 }}</ref>{{r|Pharr2023_13fr}}
* 2005 - Radiance caching<ref>{{cite journal|title=Radiance caching for efficient global illumination computation|last1=Křivánek|first1=Jaroslav|last2=Gautron|first2=Pascal|last3=Pattanaik|first3=Sumanta|last4=Bouatouch|first4=Kadi|journal=IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics|volume=11|issue=5|year=2005|pages=550–561 |doi=10.1109/TVCG.2005.83|pmid=16144252 |url=https://cgg.mff.cuni.cz/~jaroslav/papers/tvcg2005/krivanek05radiance_caching.pdf|access-date=11 February 2025}}</ref>{{r|Pharr2023_13fr}}
* 2009 - Stochastic progressive photon mapping (SPPM)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hachisuka|first1=Toshiya|last2=Jensen|first2=Henrik Wann|chapter=Stochastic progressive photon mapping |author-link2=Henrik Wann Jensen|year=2009|title=ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2009 papers|volume=28|issue=5|pages=1–8 |doi=10.1145/1661412.1618487|isbn=978-1-60558-858-2 |chapter-url=https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~thachisu/sppm.pdf|access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref>{{r|Pharr2023_13fr}}
* 2012 - Vertex connection and merging (VCM) (also called unified path sampling)<ref>{{cite journal|title=Light transport simulation with vertex connection and merging|last1=Georgiev|first1=Iliyan|last2=Křivánek|first2=Jaroslav|last3=Davidovič|first3=Tomáš|last4=Slusallek|first4=Philipp|journal=ACM Transactions on Graphics|volume=31|issue=6|date=November 2012|pages=1–10 |doi=10.1145/2366145.2366211|url=https://cgg.mff.cuni.cz/~jaroslav/papers/2012-vcm/2012-vcm-paper.pdf|access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=A path space extension for robust light transport simulation|last1=Hachisuka|first1=Toshiya|last2=Pantaleoni|first2=Jacopo|last3=Jensen|first3=Henrik Wann|author-link3=Henrik Wann Jensen|journal=ACM Transactions on Graphics|volume=31|issue=6|date=November 2012|pages=1–10 |doi=10.1145/2366145.2366210|url=http://graphics.ucsd.edu/~henrik/papers/path_space_extension_for_robust_light_transport.pdf|access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref>{{r|Pharr2023_13fr}}<ref name="PxrVCM">{{cite web|url=https://rmanwiki-26.pixar.com/space/REN26/19661785/PxrVCM|title=RenderMan 26 Documentation: PxrVCM|publisher=Pixar|date=16 July 2024|website=pixar.com|access-date=11 February 2025}}</ref>
* 2012 - Manifold exploration<ref>{{cite journal|title=Manifold exploration: A Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique for rendering scenes with difficult specular transport|last1=Wenzel|first1=Jakob|last2=Marschner|first2=Steve|journal=ACM Transactions on Graphics|volume=31|issue=4|date=July 2012|pages=1–13 |doi=10.1145/2185520.2185554|url=https://www.cs.cornell.edu/projects/manifolds-sg12/|access-date=11 February 2025|url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{r|Pharr2023_13fr}}
* 2013 - Gradient-domain rendering<ref>{{cite journal|title=Gradient-domain metropolis light transport|last1=Lehtinen|first1=Jaakko|last2=Karras|first2=Tero|last3=Laine|first3=Samuli|last4=Aittala|first4=Miika|last5=Durand|first5=Frédo|author-link5=Fredo Durand|last6=Aila|first6=Timo|journal=ACM Transactions on Graphics|volume=32|issue=4|date=July 2013|pages=1–12 |doi=10.1145/2461912.2461943|url=https://mediatech.aalto.fi/publications/graphics/GMLT/|access-date=10 February 2025|url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{r|Pharr2023_13fr}}
* 2014 - Multiplexed Metropolis light transport<ref>{{cite journal|title=Multiplexed metropolis light transport|last1=Hachisuka|first1=Toshiya|last2=Kaplanyan|first2=Anton S.|last3=Dachsbacher|first3=Carsten|journal=ACM Transactions on Graphics|volume=33|issue=4|date=July 2014|pages=1–10 |doi=10.1145/2601097.2601138|url=https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~thachisu/mmlt.pdf|access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref>{{r|Pharr2023_13fr}}
* 2014 - [[Michael J. Black#Differentiable rendering|Differentiable rendering]]<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Loper |first1=Matthew M |last2=Black |first2=Michael J |author-link2=Michael J. Black |date=6 September 2014 |title=OpenDR: An approximate differentiable renderer |url=http://files.is.tue.mpg.de/black/papers/OpenDR.pdf |location=Zurich, Switzerland |publisher=Springer International Publishing |volume=8695 |pages=154–169 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-10584-0_11 |access-date=2 September 2024 |book-title=Computer Vision - ECCV 2014 |archive-date=24 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624151721/https://files.is.tue.mpg.de/black/papers/OpenDR.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 2015 - Manifold next event estimation (MNEE)<ref>{{cite journal|title=Manifold Next Event Estimation|last1=Hanika|first1=Johannes|last2=Droske|first2=Marc|last3=Fascione|first3=Luca|journal=Computer Graphics Forum (Proceedings of the 2015 Eurographics Symposium on Rendering)|volume=34|issue=4|pages=87–97|date=27 July 2015|doi=10.1111/cgf.12681}}</ref>{{r|Pharr2023_13fr}}<ref name="PxrUnified">{{cite web|url=https://rmanwiki-26.pixar.com/space/REN26/19661787/PxrUnified|title=RenderMan 26 Documentation: PxrUnified|publisher=Pixar|date=21 June 2024|website=pixar.com|access-date=11 February 2025}}</ref>
* 2017 - Path guiding (using adaptive SD-tree)<ref name="Mueller2017">{{cite journal | title=Practical Path Guiding for Efficient Light-Transport Simulation | last1=Müller | first1=Thomas | last2=Gross | first2=Markus | author-link2=Markus Gross | last3=Novák | first3=Jan | journal=Computer Graphics Forum (Proceedings of EGSR) | volume=36 | issue=4 | date=June 2017 | pages=91–100 | publisher=The Eurographs Association & John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | doi=10.1111/cgf.13227 | url=https://jannovak.info/publications/PathGuide/index.html | access-date=4 September 2024| url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="PxrUnified"/>
* 2020 - Spatiotemporal [[Reservoir sampling|reservoir]] resampling (ReSTIR)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bitterli |first1=Benedikt |last2=Wyman |first2=Chris |last3=Pharr |first3=Matt |author-link3=Matt Pharr |last4=Shirley |first4=Peter |author-link4=Peter Shirley |last5=Lefohn |first5=Aaron |last6=Jarosz |first6=Wojciech |date=July 2020 |title=Spatiotemporal reservoir resampling for real-time ray tracing with dynamic direct lighting |url=https://cs.dartmouth.edu/~wjarosz/publications/bitterli20spatiotemporal.html |journal= ACM Transactions on Graphics|volume=39 |issue=4 |doi=10.1145/3386569.3392481 |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=1 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301064934/https://cs.dartmouth.edu/~wjarosz/publications/bitterli20spatiotemporal.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* 2020 - [[Neural radiance field]]s{{r|n=Mildenhall2020}}
* 2023 - 3D [[Gaussian splatting]]{{r|n=Kerbl2023}}
{{Div col end}}