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Scale-invariant feature transform
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== References == {{reflist|refs= <ref name=Lowe1999>{{cite conference | author = Lowe, David G. | year = 1999 | title = Object recognition from local scale-invariant features | book-title = Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision | volume = 2 | pages = 1150β1157 | doi = 10.1109/ICCV.1999.790410 | url = http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~lowe/papers/iccv99.pdf }}</ref> <ref name=patent>{{US patent|6,711,293}}, "Method and apparatus for identifying scale invariant features in an image and use of same for locating an object in an image", David Lowe's patent for the SIFT algorithm, March 23, 2004</ref> <ref name=Lowe2004>{{cite journal | author = Lowe, David G. | year = 2004 | title = Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints | journal = International Journal of Computer Vision | volume = 60 | issue = 2 | pages = 91β110 | doi = 10.1023/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94 | url = http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/lowe04distinctive.html | citeseerx = 10.1.1.73.2924 | s2cid = 221242327 }}</ref> <ref name=Serre2005>Serre, T., Kouh, M., Cadieu, C., Knoblich, U., Kreiman, G., Poggio, T., β[http://cbcl.mit.edu/projects/cbcl/publications/ai-publications/2005/AIM-2005-036.pdf A Theory of Object Recognition: Computations and Circuits in the Feedforward Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate Visual Cortex] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720013737/http://cbcl.mit.edu/projects/cbcl/publications/ai-publications/2005/AIM-2005-036.pdf |date=2011-07-20 }}β, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Technical Report, December 19, 2005 MIT-CSAIL-TR-2005-082.</ref> <ref name=Beis1997>{{cite conference | author = Beis, J. | author2 = Lowe, David G. | year = 1997 | title = Shape indexing using approximate nearest-neighbour search in high-dimensional spaces | book-title = Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Puerto Rico: sn | pages = 1000β1006 | doi = 10.1109/CVPR.1997.609451 | url = http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~lowe/papers/cvpr97.pdf }}</ref> <ref name=Lowe2001>Lowe, D.G., [http://www.cis.rit.edu/~cnspci/references/dip/feature_extraction/lowe2001.pdf Local feature view clustering for 3D object recognition]. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Kauai, Hawaii, 2001, pp. 682-688.</ref> <ref name=Lazebnik2004>[[Svetlana Lazebnik|Lazebnik, S.]], [[Cordelia Schmid|Schmid, C.]], and Ponce, J., "[http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/54/85/42/PDF/bmvc04.pdf Semi-Local Affine Parts for Object Recognition]", Proceedings of the British Machine Vision Conference, 2004.</ref> <ref name=Sungho2006>Sungho Kim, Kuk-Jin Yoon, In So Kweon, "Object Recognition Using a Generalized Robust Invariant Feature and Gestaltβs Law of Proximity and Similarity", Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (CVPRW'06), 2006</ref> <ref name=Bay2006>Bay, H., Tuytelaars, T., Van Gool, L., "[http://www.vision.ee.ethz.ch/~surf/eccv06.pdf SURF: Speeded Up Robust Features]", Proceedings of the ninth European Conference on Computer Vision, May 2006.</ref> <ref name=Ke2004>Ke, Y., and Sukthankar, R., "[https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~rahuls/pub/cvpr2004-keypoint-rahuls.pdf PCA-SIFT: A More Distinctive Representation for Local Image Descriptors]", Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2004.</ref> <ref name=Mikolajczyk2005>{{cite journal | author = Mikolajczyk, K. | author2 = Schmid, C. | year = 2005 | title = A performance evaluation of local descriptors | journal = IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence | volume = 27 | pages = 1615β1630 | doi = 10.1109/TPAMI.2005.188 | url = http://research.microsoft.com/users/manik/projects/trade-off/papers/MikolajczykPAMI05.pdf | pmid = 16237996 | issue = 10 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.230.255 | s2cid = 2572455 }}</ref> <ref name=Wagner2008>D. Wagner, G. Reitmayr, A. Mulloni, T. Drummond, and D. Schmalstieg, "[http://mi.eng.cam.ac.uk/~gr281/docs/WagnerIsmar08NFT.pdf Pose tracking from natural features on mobile phones] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612124616/http://mi.eng.cam.ac.uk/~gr281/docs/WagnerIsmar08NFT.pdf |date=2009-06-12 }}" Proceedings of the International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, 2008.</ref> <ref name=Henze2009>N. Henze, T. Schinke, and S. Boll, "[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.149.9089&rep=rep1&type=pdf What is That? Object Recognition from Natural Features on a Mobile Phone]" Proceedings of the Workshop on Mobile Interaction with the Real World, 2009.</ref> <ref name=Lindeberg1998>{{cite journal | author = Lindeberg, Tony | year = 1998 | title = Feature detection with automatic scale selection | journal = International Journal of Computer Vision | volume = 30 | issue = 2 | pages = 79β116 | doi = 10.1023/A:1008045108935 | s2cid = 723210 | url = http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A453064&dswid=5931 }}</ref> <ref name=Lindeberg2012>{{cite journal | author = Lindeberg, Tony | year = 2012 | title = Scale invariant feature transform | journal = Scholarpedia | volume = 7 | issue = 5 | pages = 10491 | doi=10.4249/scholarpedia.10491 | bibcode = 2012SchpJ...710491L | doi-access = free }}</ref> <ref name=Lindenberg2003>{{cite book |author1=Lindeberg, Tony |author2=Bretzner, Lars |title=Scale Space Methods in Computer Vision |chapter=Real-Time Scale Selection in Hybrid Multi-scale Representations |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science | year = 2003 | volume = 2695 | pages = 148β163 | doi = 10.1007/3-540-44935-3_11 | isbn = 978-3-540-40368-5 | url = http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A440700&dswid=7232 }}</ref> <ref name=SURF>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/etit/proaut/rsrc/iav07-surf.pdf|title=TU-chemnitz.de}}</ref> <ref name=SURFvsSIFT>Edouard Oyallon, Julien Rabin, "[http://www.ipol.im/pub/pre/69/ An Analysis and Implementation of the SURF Method, and its Comparison to SIFT]", Image Processing On Line</ref> <ref name=IrrGrid>{{cite conference | first = Y. | last = Cui | author2 = Hasler, N. | author3 = Thormaehlen, T. | author4 = Seidel, H.-P. | title = Scale Invariant Feature Transform with Irregular Orientation Histogram Binning | book-title = Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition (ICIAR 2009) | publisher = Springer | date = July 2009 | location = Halifax, Canada | url = http://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/~hasler/download/CuiHasThoSei09igSIFT.pdf | access-date = 2009-04-08 | archive-date = 2010-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100923031500/http://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/~hasler/download/CuiHasThoSei09igSIFT.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> <ref name=Toews2009>{{cite conference |author1=Matthew Toews |author2=William M. Wells III | year = 2009 | title = SIFT-Rank: Ordinal Descriptors for Invariant Feature Correspondence | book-title = IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition | pages = 172β177 | doi = 10.1109/CVPR.2009.5206849 | url = http://www.matthewtoews.com/papers/cvpr09-matt.final.pdf }}</ref> <ref name=Se2001>{{cite conference |author1=Se, S. |author2=Lowe, David G. |author3=Little, J. | year = 2001 | book-title = Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) | title = Vision-based mobile robot localization and mapping using scale-invariant features | volume = 2 | pages = 2051 | doi = 10.1109/ROBOT.2001.932909 | url = http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/425735.html }}</ref> <ref name=Brown2003>{{cite conference |author1=Brown, M. |author2=Lowe, David G. | year = 2003 | title = Recognising Panoramas | book-title = Proceedings of the ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision | pages = 1218β1225 | volume = 2 | doi = 10.1109/ICCV.2003.1238630 | url = http://graphics.cs.cmu.edu/courses/15-463/2005_fall/www/Papers/BrownLowe.pdf }}</ref> <ref name=Gordon2006>Iryna Gordon and David G. Lowe, "[http://www.cs.ubc.ca/labs/lci/papers/docs2006/lowe_gordon.pdf What and where: 3D object recognition with accurate pose]," in Toward Category-Level Object Recognition, (Springer-Verlag, 2006), pp. 67-82</ref> <ref name=Laptev2004>{{cite conference |author1=Laptev, Ivan |author2=Lindeberg, Tony |name-list-style=amp | year = 2004 | title = Local descriptors for spatio-temporal recognition | book-title = ECCV'04 Workshop on Spatial Coherence for Visual Motion Analysis, Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 3667 | pages = 91β103 | doi = 10.1007/11676959_8 | url = http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A445261&dswid=2390 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.78.400 }}</ref> <ref name=Laptev2007>{{cite journal | author = Ivan Laptev, Barbara Caputo, Christian Schuldt and Tony Lindeberg | year = 2007 | title = Local velocity-adapted motion events for spatio-temporal recognition | journal = Computer Vision and Image Understanding | volume = 108 | issue = 3 | pages = 207β229 | doi = 10.1016/j.cviu.2006.11.023 | url = http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A335153&dswid=8365 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.168.5780 }}</ref> <ref name=Scovanner2007>{{cite conference | author = Scovanner, Paul |author2=Ali, S |author3=Shah, M | year = 2007 | title = A 3-dimensional sift descriptor and its application to action recognition | book-title = Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Multimedia | pages = 357β360 | doi = 10.1145/1291233.1291311 }}</ref> <ref name=Flitton2010>{{cite conference | author = Flitton, G. |author2=Breckon, T. | year = 2010 | title = Object Recognition using 3D SIFT in Complex CT Volumes | book-title = Proceedings of the British Machine Vision Conference | pages = 11.1β12 | doi = 10.5244/C.24.11 |doi-broken-date=2024-11-21 | url = http://www.durham.ac.uk/toby.breckon/publications/papers/flitton10baggage.pdf | doi-access = free }}</ref> <ref name=Niebles2006>{{cite conference|author=Niebles, J. C. Wang, H. and Li, Fei-Fei|url=http://vision.cs.princeton.edu/niebles/humanactions.htm|title=Unsupervised Learning of Human Action Categories Using Spatial-Temporal Words|book-title=Proceedings of the British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC)|location=Edinburgh|year=2006|access-date=2008-08-20|archive-date=2008-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705190650/http://vision.cs.princeton.edu/niebles/humanactions.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=Sirmacek2009>{{cite journal |author1=Beril Sirmacek |author2=Cem Unsalan |name-list-style=amp | year = 2009 | title = Urban Area and Building Detection Using SIFT Keypoints and Graph Theory | journal = IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing | volume = 47 | issue = 4 | pages = 1156β1167 | doi = 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2008440 |bibcode=2009ITGRS..47.1156S |s2cid=6629776 }}</ref> <ref name="Toews2010">{{cite journal |author1=Matthew Toews |author2=William M. Wells III |author3=D. Louis Collins |author4=Tal Arbel | year = 2010 | title = Feature-based Morphometry: Discovering Group-related Anatomical Patterns | journal = NeuroImage | volume = 49 | pages = 2318β2327 | doi = 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.10.032 | url = http://www.matthewtoews.com/papers/matt_neuroimage10.pdf | pmid = 19853047 |pmc=4321966 | issue = 3 }}</ref> <ref name=Lin94Book>[http://www.csc.kth.se/~tony/book.html Lindeberg, T., Scale-Space Theory in Computer Vision, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994],{{ISBN|0-7923-9418-6}}</ref> <ref name="KoeDoo87">Koenderink, Jan and van Doorn, Ans: "[http://www-prima.inrialpes.fr/perso/Tran/Documents/Articles/Divers/koenderink87.pdf Representation of local geometry in the visual system] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802155354/http://www-prima.inrialpes.fr/perso/Tran/Documents/Articles/Divers/koenderink87.pdf |date=2019-08-02 }}", Biological Cybernetics, vol 3, pp 383-396, 1987</ref> <ref name="KoeDoo92">Koenderink, Jan and van Doorn, Ans: "Generic neighbourhood operators", IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol 14, pp 597-605, 1992</ref> <ref name=Lin14CompVis>T. Lindeberg (2014) [http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1392833&dswid=-9445 "Scale selection", Computer Vision: A Reference Guide, (K. Ikeuchi, Editor), Springer, pages 701-713.]</ref> <ref name=Lin13PONE>{{Cite journal|title=Invariance of visual operations at the level of receptive fields|first=Tony|last=Lindeberg|date=July 19, 2013|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=8|issue=7|pages=e66990|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0066990|pmid=23894283|pmc=3716821|arxiv=1210.0754 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...866990L |doi-access=free }}</ref> <ref name=Lin13BICY>{{cite journal |last1=Lindeberg |first1=Tony |title=A computational theory of visual receptive fields |journal=Biological Cybernetics |date=December 2013 |volume=107 |issue=6 |pages=589β635 |doi=10.1007/s00422-013-0569-z |pmid=24197240 |pmc=3840297 }}</ref> <ref name="Lin13-AdvImgPhy">{{cite book |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-407701-0.00001-7 |title=Generalized Axiomatic Scale-Space Theory |series=Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics |date=2013 |last1=Lindeberg |first1=Tony |volume=178 |pages=1β96 |isbn=978-0-12-407701-0 |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118695 }}</ref> <ref name=Arandjelovic2012>{{cite conference | author = ArandjeloviΔ, Relja | author2 = [[Andrew Zisserman|Zisserman, Andrew]] | year = 2012 | title = Three things everyone should know to improve object retrieval | book-title = 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition | pages = 2911β2918 | doi = 10.1109/CVPR.2012.6248018 }}</ref> }}
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