Editing Animal testing (section)

===Threats to researchers===
Threats of violence to animal researchers are not uncommon.{{Vague|date=November 2019}}<ref name=naturebiotech>{{cite journal | author = Huggett B | title = When animal rights turns ugly | journal = Nature Biotechnology | volume = 26 | issue = 6 | pages = 603–05 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18536673 | doi = 10.1038/nbt0608-603 | s2cid = 8006958 }}</ref>

In 2006, a primate researcher at the [[University of California, Los Angeles]] (UCLA) shut down the experiments in his lab after threats from animal rights activists. The researcher had received a grant to use 30 [[macaque]] monkeys for vision experiments; each monkey was anesthetized for a single physiological experiment lasting up to 120 hours, and then euthanized.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Malone BJ, Kumar VR, Ringach DL | title = Dynamics of Receptive Field Size in Primary Visual Cortex | journal = Journal of Neurophysiology | volume = 97 | issue = 1 | pages = 407–14 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17021020 | doi = 10.1152/jn.00830.2006 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.133.3969 }}</ref> The researcher's name, phone number, and address were posted on the website of the [[Primate Freedom Project]]. Demonstrations were held in front of his home. A [[Molotov cocktail]] was placed on the porch of what was believed to be the home of another UCLA primate researcher; instead, it was accidentally left on the porch of an elderly woman unrelated to the university. The [[Animal Liberation Front]] claimed responsibility for the attack.<ref>Epstein, David (22 August 2006). [http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2006/08/22/animal Throwing in the Towel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127012451/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2006/08/22/animal |date=27 November 2020 }}, ''Inside Higher Education''</ref> As a result of the campaign, the researcher sent an email to the Primate Freedom Project stating "you win", and "please don't bother my family anymore".<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080517050122/http://www.investors.com/editorial/editorialcontent.asp?secid=1501&status=article&id=241311597601024 Predators Unleashed]}}, ''Investor's Business Daily'' (2006-08-24)</ref> In another incident at UCLA in June 2007, the [[Revolutionary Cells (RCALB)|Animal Liberation Brigade]] placed a bomb under the car of a UCLA children's [[ophthalmologist]] who [[Animal testing on cats|experiments on cats]] and rhesus monkeys; the bomb had a faulty fuse and did not detonate.<ref>McDonald, Patrick Range (8 August 2007). {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080215232132/http://www.laweekly.com/news/news/monkey-madness-at-ucla/16986/ UCLA Monkey Madness]}}, ''LA Weekly''.</ref>

In 1997, PETA filmed staff from [[Huntingdon Life Sciences]], showing dogs being mistreated.<ref>"It's a Dog's Life", ''Countryside Undercover'', Channel Four Television, UK (26 March 1997).</ref><ref>[http://www.smallworldtv.co.uk/public/main.cfm?m1=c_75&m2=c_2&m3=c_54&m4=e_0 "It's a dog's life"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308224555/http://www.smallworldtv.co.uk/public/main.cfm?m1=c_75&m2=c_2&m3=c_54&m4=e_0 |date=8 March 2012 }}, Small World Productions (2005). Retrieved 6 July 2010.</ref> The employees responsible were dismissed,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1123837.stm |title=A controversial laboratory |work=BBC News |date=18 January 2001 |access-date=2012-07-13}}</ref> with two given community service orders and ordered to pay £250 costs, the first lab technicians to have been prosecuted for animal cruelty in the UK.<ref>Broughton, Zoe (March 2001). {{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20120629060332/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2465/is_2_31/ai_71634854/ "Seeing Is Believing – cruelty to dogs at Huntingdon Life Sciences"]}}, ''The Ecologist''.</ref> The [[Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty]] campaign used tactics ranging from non-violent protest to the alleged firebombing of houses owned by executives associated with HLS's clients and investors. The [[Southern Poverty Law Center]], which monitors US domestic extremism, has described SHAC's ''modus operandi'' as "frankly terroristic tactics similar to those of anti-abortion extremists", and in 2005 an official with the FBI's counter-terrorism division referred to SHAC's activities in the United States as domestic terrorist threats.<ref>[http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=42 "From push to shove"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091122190431/http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=42 |date=22 November 2009 }}, Southern Poverty Law Group ''Intelligence Report'', Fall 2002</ref><ref>Lewis, John E. {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080801014736/http://epw.senate.gov/hearing_statements.cfm?id=247787 "Statement of John Lewis"]}}, US Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, 26 October 2005, accessed 17 January 2011.</ref> 13 members of SHAC were jailed for between 15 months and eleven years on charges of conspiracy to blackmail or harm HLS and its suppliers.<ref name="Evers">Evers, Marco. [http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,517875,00.html "Resisting the Animal Avengers", Part 1], [http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,517875-2,00.html Part 2], ''Der Spiegel'', 19 November 2007.</ref><ref name="Weaver">Weaver, Matthew. [https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/oct/25/animal-research-animal-welfare "Animal rights activists jailed for terrorising suppliers to Huntingdon Life Sciences"], ''The Guardian'', 25 October 2010.</ref>

These attacks—as well as similar incidents that caused the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] to declare in 2002 that the animal rights movement had "clearly taken a turn toward the more extreme"—prompted the US government to pass the [[Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act]] and the UK government to add the offense of "Intimidation of persons connected with animal research organisation" to the [[Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005]]. Such legislation and the arrest and imprisonment of activists may have decreased the incidence of attacks.<ref>Herbert, Ian (27 January 2007). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/collapse-in-support-for-animal-rights-extremist-attacks-433872.html "Collapse in support for animal rights extremist attacks"], ''The Independent''.</ref>