Editing Buganda (section)

===Pastoralism===
Unlike the kingdoms of Tooro, Ankole, and Busongora in the grasslands to the west, Buganda's land was not ideal for pastoralism. This was because most of its territory was covered in dense vegetation and many rolling hills, which could not support large concentrations of cattle. The kingdom never developed a cattle culture like its neighbors (Europeans noted that the Baganda were snobbish about the keeping of cattle); The Baganda even regarded pastoral communities as inferior. Despite this, the Ganda still continued to keep small herds of cattle (small by the standards of the western kingdoms like Ankole). Cattle were seen as simple commodities like goats or chickens and not symbols of kingship and power, and there was never any "racial" or linguistic distinction between farmers and pastoralists in Buganda. The King and chiefs were able to maintain large herds of cattle (due to their greater wealth), while ordinary people had smaller herds (some as small as 1 or 2 cattle). Women often took care of cattle.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Deadly_Developments/qLDDC6XFXIEC?hl=en|title=Deadly Developments|page=108}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/nyorostate0000beat/mode/2up|title= The Nyoro State|date= 1971|page=248|isbn= 978-0-19-823171-4|last1= Beattie|first1= John|publisher= Clarendon Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s0irmwEACAAJ|title=Political power in pre-colonial Buganda : economy, society & warfare in the nineteenth century|date=2002 |page=|publisher=James Currey |isbn=978-0-8214-1477-4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/178221|title=Ecological Variables in the Origin and Evolution of African States: the Buganda Example|page=|jstor=178221 |last1=Kottak |first1=Conrad P. |journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History |date=1972 |volume=14 |issue=3 |doi=10.1017/S0010417500006721 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The [[Hima people|Bahima]] (a foreign pastoralist group from western Uganda) entered Buganda to be employed to herd cattle for the Baganda (other Hima were captured as slaves). Since cattle have no great ritual significance in Buganda, the hima's pastoralism did not give them the prestige they had in some of the western kingdoms. The agricultural Baganda referred to the pastoral Bahima as menial slaves and "insanitary rustics" (due to the hima habit of smearing their body with butter)  and looked down on them as being culturally inferior.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s0irmwEACAAJ|title=Political power in pre-colonial Buganda : economy, society & warfare in the nineteenth century|date=2002 |page=115|publisher=James Currey |isbn=978-0-8214-1477-4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Economic_History_of_Warfare_and_State_Fo/Ck4bDQAAQBAJ?hl=en|title=Economic History of Warfare and State Formation|page=29}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Eastern_Lacustrine_Bantu_Ganda_Soga/RYQZDgAAQBAJ?hl=en|title=The Eastern Lacustrine Bantu (Ganda, Soga): East Central Africa Part XI.|page=15}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Crops_and_Wealth_in_Uganda/KxPtAAAAMAAJ?hl=en|title=Crops and Wealth in Uganda: A Short Agrarian History|page=10}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/East_African_Studies/VyDjAAAAMAAJ?hl=en|title=East African Studies, issues 10-14|page=10}}</ref> The Hima were overall regarded as alien and not to be trusted. There was a plot against Kayira, the Katikiro (Prime minister) of Buganda during the reign of Mutesa. The plot against him was meant to have him removed from his position. His political enemies accused him of being "a Munyoro and a Muhima"; he replied that his mother was hima and it was deemed insufficient reasoning for his removal.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s0irmwEACAAJ|title=Political power in pre-colonial Buganda : economy, society & warfare in the nineteenth century|date=2002 |page=40|publisher=James Currey |isbn=978-0-8214-1477-4 }}</ref>

Buganda's western expansion and its conquest of territory formerly owned by Bunyoro and Ankole gave it control of vast new lands ideal for pastoralism. [[John Roscoe]] explains the successful expansions of the agricultural Kingdom of Buganda against its more pastoralist rival, [[Bunyoro]]:<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Twenty_five_Years_in_East_Africa/sdg5AAAAIAAJ?hl=en|title=Twenty-five Years in East Africa|page=251}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/General_History_of_Africa/WAQbp7aLpZkC?hl=en|title=General History of Africa, Volume 5|page=792}}</ref>
{{blockquote|The pastoral Banyoro had no care for agricultural land, but only wanted good pasture land, and gardens were not considered so important by them as they would have been by the Baganda, who combined cattle rearing with agriculture, and who meted out every yard of land to some chief, who was expected to people and cultivate it, and who would be deposed, if he failed in these respects. Hence, large tracts of the country were wrested from the Banyoro by the Baganda with little expenditure of force before the former people really felt the loss of their land. Another reason which caused the king of Bunyoro to overlook the importance of land was the custom of estimating greatness and wealth according to the number of cattle that a man had. So long, therefore, as the herds escaped the punitive expeditions of the Baganda, little heed was paid by the Banyoro to encroachments into their land; thus the Baganda yearly pressed back the Banyoro herdsmen, settled in large numbers upon the newly acquired land, and extended their boundaries.}}