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Kyoto Protocol
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====Annex I parties with targets==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Percentage changes in emissions from the base year (1990 for most countries) for Annex I Parties with Kyoto targets ! Country !! Kyoto<br />target<br />2008β2012<ref name="Shislov" /> !! Kyoto<br />target<br />2013β2020<ref>{{cite web | url=https://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf | title=Doha amendment to the Kyoto Protocol | date=2012 | publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change | access-date=2019-12-13 | archive-date=24 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224054705/http://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> !! GHG<br />emissions<br />2008β2012<br />including<br />[[LULUCF]]<ref name="Shislov" /> !! GHG<br />emissions<br />2008β2012<br />excluding<br />LULUCF<ref name="Shislov" /> |- | [[Australia]] || +8 || β0.5 || +3.2 || +30.3 |- | [[Austria]] || β13 || β20 || +3.2 || +4.9 |- | [[Belgium]] || β8 || β20 || β13.9 || β14.0 |- | [[Bulgaria]] || β8 || β20 || β53.4 || β52.8 |- | [[Canada]] (withdrew) || β6 || ''N/A'' || +18.5 || +18.5 |- | [[Croatia]] || β5 || β20 || β10.8 || β7.5 |- | [[Czech Republic]] || β8 || β20 || β30.6 || β30.0 |- | [[Denmark]] || β21 || β20 || β17.3 || β14.8 |- | [[Estonia]] || β8 || β20 || β54.2 || β55.3 |- | [[Finland]] || 0 || β20 || β5.5 || β4.7 |- | [[France]] || 0 || β20 || β10.5 || β10.0 |- | [[Germany]] || β21 || β20 || β24.3 || β23.6 |- | [[Greece]] || +25 || β20 || +11.5 || +11.9 |- | [[Hungary]] || β6 || β20 || β43.7 || β41.8 |- | [[Iceland]] || +10 || β20 || +10.2 || +19.4 |- | [[Ireland]] || +13 || β20 || +11.0 || +5.1 |- | [[Italy]] || β6 || β20 || β7.0 || β4.0 |- | [[Japan]] || β6 || ''N/A'' || β2.5 || +1.4 |- | [[Latvia]] || β8 || β20 || β61.2 || β56.4 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] || β8 || β16 || +4.1 || +2.4 |- | [[Lithuania]] || β8 || β20 || β57.9 || β55.6 |- | [[Luxembourg]] || β28 || β20 || β9.3 || β8.7 |- | [[Monaco]] || β8 || β22 || β12.5 || β12.5 |- | [[Netherlands]] || β6 || β20 || β6.2 || β6.4 |- | [[New Zealand]] || 0 || ''N/A'' || β2.7 || +20.4 |- | [[Norway]] || +1 || β16 || +4.6 || +7.5 |- | [[Poland]] || β6 || β20 || β29.7 || β28.8 |- | [[Portugal]] || +27 || β20 || +5.5 || +22.4 |- | [[Romania]] || β8 || β20 || β57.0 || β55.7 |- | [[Russia]] || 0 || ''N/A'' || β36.3 || β32.7 |- | [[Slovakia]] || β8 || β20 || β37.2 || β36.8 |- | [[Slovenia]] || β8 || β20 || β9.7 || β3.2 |- | [[Spain]] || +15 || β20 || +20.0 || +23.7 |- | [[Sweden]] || +4 || β20 || β18.2 || β15.3 |- | [[Switzerland]] || β8 || β15.8 || β3.9 || β0.8 |- | [[Ukraine]] || 0 || β24 || β57.1 || β56.6 |- | [[United Kingdom]] || β13 || β20 || β23.0 || β22.6 |- | [[United States]] (did not ratify) || β7 || ''N/A'' || +9.5 || +9.5 |} [[File:Carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion of Annex I Kyoto Protocol Parties 1990-2009.png|thumb|left|alt=Refer to caption and image description|{{CO2}} emissions from fuel combustion of Annex I Kyoto Protocol (KP) Parties, 1990β2009. Total Annex I KP emissions are shown, along with emissions of Annex II KP and Annex I EITs.]] Collectively the group of industrialized countries committed to a Kyoto target, i.e., the Annex I countries excluding the US, had a target of reducing their GHG emissions by 4.2% on average for the period 2008β2012 relative to the base year, which in most cases is 1990.<ref name="Long term trend in global CO2 emissions"/>{{Rp|24|date=November 2012}} As noted in the preceding section, between 1990 and 1999, there was a large reduction in the emissions of the EITs.<ref name="Long term trend in global CO2 emissions"/>{{Rp|25|date=November 2012}} The reduction in the EITs is largely responsible for the total (aggregate) reduction (excluding LULUCF) in emissions of the Annex I countries, excluding the US.<ref name="Long term trend in global CO2 emissions"/>{{Rp|25|date=November 2012}} Emissions of the Annex II countries (Annex I minus the EIT countries) have experienced a limited increase in emissions from 1990 to 2006, followed by stabilization and a more marked decrease from 2007 onwards.<ref name="Long term trend in global CO2 emissions"/>{{Rp|25|date=November 2012}} The emissions reductions in the early nineties by the 12 EIT countries who have since joined the EU, assist the present EU-27 in meeting its collective Kyoto target.<ref name="Long term trend in global CO2 emissions"/>{{Rp|25|date=November 2012}} In December 2011, Canada's environment minister, [[Peter Kent]], formally announced that [[Climate change in Canada|Canada]] would withdraw from the Kyoto accord a day after the end of the [[2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference]] (see the section on the [[Kyoto Protocol#Withdrawal of Canada|withdrawal of Canada]]).<ref name="vaughan 2011 canada withdrawal">{{cite web | url= https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/dec/13/canada-withdrawal-kyoto-protocol?intcmp=239 | last= Vaughan | first= A | title= What does Canada's withdrawal from Kyoto protocol mean? | work= The Guardian | date= 13 December 2011 | access-date= 17 December 2011 | archive-date= 19 April 2015 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150419040405/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/dec/13/canada-withdrawal-kyoto-protocol?intcmp=239 | url-status= live }}</ref>
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