Editing Painted turtle (section)

==Interaction with humans==

===Conservation===

[[File:Turtle crossing sign, April 2010.jpg|thumb|upright|British Columbia road sign (for painted turtle protection)|alt=An orange, diamond-shaped sign on the right side of a winding road way that says "Slow: crossing season" with a picture of a turtle.]]

{{Main|Conservation of painted turtles}}
The species is currently classified as [[least concern]] by the [[IUCN]] but populations have been subject to decline locally.<ref name=iucn/>

The decline in painted turtle populations is not a simple matter of dramatic range reduction, like that of the [[:File:Extermination of bison to 1889.svg|American bison]]. Instead the turtle is classified as G5 (demonstrably widespread) in its [[NatureServe conservation status|Natural Heritage Global Rank]],{{sfn|Gervais et al.|2009|p=5}} and the [[IUCN]] rates it as a species of [[least concern]].{{sfn|Rhodin et al.|2010|p=000.99}} The painted turtle's high reproduction rate and its ability to survive in polluted wetlands and artificially made ponds have allowed it to maintain its range,<ref name="wcsu.edu-Species-identification" /><ref name="TC Proj">{{cite web|title=Painted turtle: ''Chrysemys picta''|url=http://www.turtleconservationproject.org/painted-turtle-facts.html|publisher=Turtle Conservation Project|access-date=2010-12-10|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922222101/http://www.turtleconservationproject.org/painted-turtle-facts.html|archive-date=2010-09-22}}</ref> but the post-Columbus settlement of North America has reduced its numbers.{{sfn|Carr|1952|p=228}}{{sfn|Ernst|Lovich|2009|pp=23–32}}

Only within the Pacific Northwest is the turtle's range eroding. Even there, in Washington, the painted turtle is designated S5 (demonstrably widespread). However, in Oregon, the painted turtle is designated S2 (imperiled),{{sfn|Gervais et al.|2009|p=9}} and in British Columbia, the turtle's populations in the [[British Columbia Coast|Coast]] and [[British Columbia Interior|Interior]] regions are labeled "endangered"<ref name="sara2010">{{cite news | title = Species profile western painted turtle Pacific coast population | date = 2010-01-11 | publisher = Government of Canada | url = http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=902 | work = Species at Risk Public Registry | access-date = 2010-11-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130610224623/http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=902 | archive-date = 2013-06-10 | url-status = dead }}</ref> and "of special concern", respectively.<ref name="SARA2010">{{cite news | title = Species profile western painted turtle intermountain&nbsp;– Rocky Mountain population | date = 2010-01-11 | publisher = Government of Canada | url = http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=903 | work = Species at Risk Public Registry | access-date = 2010-11-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130610233735/http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/species/speciesDetails_e.cfm?sid=903 | archive-date = 2013-06-10 | url-status = dead }}</ref>{{#tag:ref|The iconic painted turtle is popular in British Columbia, and the province is spending to save the painted turtle as only a few thousand turtles remain in the entire province.<ref name="HAT PR">{{cite web|last=Carnahan|first=Todd|title=Western painted turtles|url=http://www.hat.bc.ca/stewardship-projects/stewardship-group1-helping-people-steward-nature/turtles.html|publisher=Habitat Acquisition Trust|access-date=2010-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101102010513/http://www.hat.bc.ca/stewardship-projects/stewardship-group1-helping-people-steward-nature/turtles.html <!--Added by H3llBot-->|archive-date=2010-11-02}}</ref><ref name="BC Frogwatch">{{cite web|title=B.C. frogwatch program: Painted turtle|url=http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/okanagan/esd/atlas/species/turtle.html|publisher=British Columbia Ministry of Environment|access-date=2011-07-21}}</ref><ref name="Nilsen">{{cite news|last=Nilsen|first=Emily|title=Protecting the painted turtle|url=http://blog.conservancy.bc.ca/2010/08/protecting-the-painted-turtle/|access-date=2010-12-11|newspaper=Nelson Express|date=2010-08-09}}</ref>{{sfn|COSEWIC|2006|p=29}}|group="nb"}}

Much is written about the different factors that threaten the painted turtle, but they are unquantified, with only inferences of relative importance.{{sfn|Ernst|Barbour|Lovich|1994|p=294}}{{sfn|Ernst|Lovich|2009|p=211}}{{sfn|Carr|1952|p=228}} A primary threat category is habitat loss in various forms. Related to water habitat, there is drying of [[Wetlands of the United States|wetlands]], clearing of aquatic logs or rocks (basking sites), and clearing of shoreline vegetation, which allows more predator access{{sfn|Gervais et al.|2009|p=33}} or increased human foot traffic.<ref name="Hayes">{{cite report|author=Hayes, M. P.|display-authors=4|author2=Beilke, S. G.|author3=Boczkiewicz, S. M.|author4=P. B. Hendrix, P. I.|author5=Ritson, P. I.|author6=Rombough, C. J. |title=The western painted turtle (''Chrysemys picta bellii'') at the Rivergate industrial district: management options and opportunities|date=2002}} cited in {{harvnb|Gervais et al.|2009}}</ref><ref name="Leuteritz">{{cite journal|last=Leuteritz|first=T. E. |author2=Manson, C. J.|title=Preliminary observations on the effects of human perturbation on basking behavior in the midland painted turtle (''Chrysemys picta marginata'') |journal=Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society|date=1996|volume=32|pages=16–23}} cited in {{harvnb|Gervais et al.|2009}}</ref> Related to nesting habitat, urbanization or planting can remove needed sunny soils.{{sfn|Gervais et al.|2009|p=36}}

Another significant human impact is roadkill—dead turtles, especially females, are commonly seen on summer roads.{{sfn|Gervais et al.|2009|p=34}} In addition to direct killing, roads [[Genetic isolate|genetically isolate]] some populations.{{sfn|Gervais et al.|2009|p=34}} Localities have tried to limit roadkill by constructing underpasses,{{sfn|Gervais et al.|2009|p=47}} highway barriers,<ref name="Missoulian" /> and crossing signs.<ref name="Ottowa">{{cite web|last=Holmes|first=Dianne|title=Report on turtle crossing signs proposal|url=http://www.ottawa.ca/calendar/ottawa/archives/rmoc/Regional_Council/11Oct00/item2_70.pdf|publisher=Region of Ottawa-Carleton|quote= ... inexpensive and morally exemplary ..."}}</ref> Oregon has introduced public education on turtle awareness, safe swerving, and safely assisting turtles across the road.<ref>{{cite journal | title = On the ground: The Oregon conservation strategy at work | journal = Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) | date = February 2010 | first = Meg | last = Kenagy| url = http://www.dfw.state.or.us/conservationstrategy/news/2010/2010_february.asp | access-date = 2011-01-07}}</ref>

In the West, human-introduced bass, bullfrogs, and especially snapping turtles, have increased the predation of hatchlings.<ref name="Missoulian" />{{sfn|Gervais et al.|2009|p=35}} Outside the Southeast, where [[Pond slider|sliders]] are native, released pet [[red-eared slider]] turtles increasingly compete with painted turtles.{{sfn|Gervais et al.|2009|p=6}} In cities, increased urban predators (raccoons, canines, and felines) may impact painted turtles by eating their eggs.{{sfn|Gervais et al.|2009|p=33}}

Other factors of concern for the painted turtles include over-collection from the wild,<ref name="Gamble2004" /> released pets introducing diseases<ref name="IN FG pet" /> or reducing [[genetic variability]],{{sfn|Gervais et al.|2009|p=6}} pollution,{{sfn|Gervais et al.|2009|pp=36–37}} boating traffic, angler's hooks (the turtles are noteworthy bait-thieves), wanton shooting, and crushing by agricultural machines or golf course lawnmowers or [[all-terrain vehicle]]s.{{sfn|Gervais et al.|2009|p=37}}<ref name="AZ FG" /><ref name="VA FG" /> Gervais and colleagues note that research itself impacts the populations and that much funded turtle trapping work has not been published. They advocate discriminating more on what studies are done, thereby putting fewer turtles into scientists' traps.{{sfn|Gervais et al.|2009|p=40}} [[Global warming]] represents an uncharacterized future threat.{{sfn|Ernst|Lovich|2009|pp=23–32}}{{sfn|Gervais et al.|2009|p=38}}

As the most common turtle in [[Nova Scotia]], the eastern painted turtle is not listed under the Species at Risk Act for conservation requirements.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Nova Scotia Museum|year=2017|title=Eastern Painted Turtle|url=https://novascotia.ca/museum/amphibians/en/turtles/painted.asp}}</ref>

[[File:Oregon's Native Turtles.ogv|center|thumbtime=1:25|thumb|'''Oregon conservation video:''' <!-- Do not cut the citations containing links to youtube and state of Oregon. 80% of Wiki readers can not see ogg formatted videos. It's same video, but viewable by people using most browsers. -->If video play problematic, try external links within citations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dfw.state.or.us/images/video_gallery/oregon_native_turtles.asp |title=News and Highlights: Video Gallery – Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife |publisher=Dfw.state.or.us |date=2011-01-26 |access-date=2011-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UeTVghxdZwI | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211114/UeTVghxdZwI| archive-date=2021-11-14 | url-status=live|title=Oregon's Native Turtles | date=26 January 2011|publisher=YouTube |access-date=2011-02-06}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Note list of factors at 0:30–0:60 and hoop trap at 1:50–2:00.]]

===Pets and other uses===

{{quote box
| width = 30%
| bgcolor = #c6dbf7
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| quote = "...&nbsp;we do not necessarily encourage people to collect these turtles. Turtles kept as pets usually soon become ill ... The best way to enjoy our native turtles is to observe them in the wild ... it would be better to take a picture than a 'picta'!"
| source = Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission<ref name="Sheils" />
| align = right
}}

According to a trade data study, painted turtles were the second most popular pet turtles after red-eared sliders in the early 1990s.{{sfn|Ernst|Lovich|2009|p=26}} As of 2010, most U.S. states allow, but discourage, painted turtle pets, although Oregon forbids keeping them as pets,<ref name="OR FG prohibit">{{cite web|title=Oregon native turtles|url=http://www.dfw.state.or.us/conservationstrategy/docs/TurtleIDCardFRONT.pdf|publisher=Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife|access-date=2011-07-20}}</ref> and Indiana prohibits their sale.<ref name="IN FG pet">{{cite web|title=Turtles as pets |url=http://www.in.gov/dnr/fishwild/3327.htm|publisher=Indiana Department of Natural Resources|access-date=2010-12-11|quote=It is illegal in the State of Indiana to sell native species of turtles}}</ref> U.S. federal law prohibits sale or transport of any turtle less than {{convert|10|cm|in|abbr=on|0}}, to limit human contact to [[salmonella]].<ref name="CFR">{{cite web|title=Title 21 CFR 1240.62|url=http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm?fr=1240.62|publisher=U. S. Food and Drug Administration|access-date=2010-12-12}}{{dead link|date=May 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> However, a loophole for scientific samples allows some small turtles to be sold, and [[Wildlife trade#Illegal wildlife trade|illegal trafficking]] also occurs.{{sfn|Gervais et al.|2009|p=35}}<ref name="ABC">{{cite news|title=Pet turtles pose salmonella danger to kids: They're banned from sale by law but still appear at flea markets, pet shops, experts say|author=Reinberg, Steven|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/Healthday/story?id=4507824&page=1|date=2010-03-23|access-date=2010-12-12|newspaper=ABC News}}</ref>

Painted turtle pet-keeping requirements are similar to those of the red-eared slider. Keepers are urged to provide them with adequate space and a basking site, and water that is regularly filtered and changed. Aquatic turtles are generally unsuitable pets for children, as they do not enjoy being held. Hobbyists have maintained turtles in captivity for decades.<ref name="Senneke care">{{cite web|last=Senneke|first=Darrel|title=''Chrysemys picta''&nbsp;– (Painted turtle) care|url=http://www.chelonia.org/articles/pdfs/chrysemys.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050429211157/http://www.chelonia.org/Articles/PDFS/Chrysemys.pdf|url-status=usurped|archive-date=April 29, 2005|publisher=World Cheledonian Trust|date=2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last1 = Bartlett | first1 = R. D. | last2 = Bartlett | first2 = Patricia | title = Aquatic turtles: Sliders, cooters, painted, and map turtles | publisher = Barron's Educational Series | date = 2003 | location = Hong Kong | pages = 1–48 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NV3Dzc2HIA4C&pg=PP1 | access-date = 2011-01-05 | isbn = 978-0-7641-2278-1}}</ref><ref name="Myturtlecam">{{cite web|title=Choosing a turtle|url=http://www.myturtlecam.com/choose.php|publisher=Myturtlecam.com|access-date=2011-01-25}}</ref> Painted turtles are long-lived pets, and have a lifespan of up to 40 years in captivity.

The painted turtle is sometimes eaten but is not highly regarded as food,{{sfn|Carr|1952|p=228}}{{sfn|Carr|1952|pp=218–219}}{{sfn|Carr|1952|p=233}} as even the largest subspecies, the western painted turtle, is inconveniently small and larger turtles are available.{{sfn|Carr|1952|p=224}} Schools frequently dissect painted turtles, which are sold by [[biological supply industry|biological supply]] companies;<ref name="Gamble2003">{{cite web|last=Gamble|first=Tony|title=The commercial harvest of painted turtles in Minnesota: final report to the Minnesota department of natural resources, natural heritage and nongame research program|url=http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/eco/nongame/projects/consgrant_reports/2003/2003_gamble.pdf|type=technical report|publisher=Minnesota Department of Natural Resources|author2=Simons, Andrew M.|date=2003-05-30}}</ref> specimens often come from the wild but may be captive-bred.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pike|first=Sue|title=Painted turtles often used for classroom dissection|url=http://www.seacoastonline.com/articles/20100721-LIFE-7210312|access-date=2010-12-07|newspaper=Seacoast Media (Dow Jones wire service)|date=2010-07-21|archive-date=2012-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927032738/http://www.seacoastonline.com/articles/20100721-LIFE-7210312|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the Midwest, [[turtle racing]] is popular at summer fairs.<ref name="Gamble2003" /><ref name="Freeman">{{cite news|last=Freeman|first=Eric|title=Rupp, grandson trap turtles to compete in local races|url=http://columbustelegram.com/news/local/article_11f50372-730c-11df-9a36-001cc4c03286.html|access-date=2010-12-18|newspaper=Columbus Telegram|date=2010-06-08}}</ref><ref name="Midwest Weekends">{{cite web|title=Fast times in Nisswa: Swift turtles mix with power shoppers in a Minnesota lake-country oasis|url=http://www.midwestweekends.com/plan_a_trip/family_friends/travel_with_kids/nisswa_turtle_races.html|publisher=Midwest Weekends|access-date=2010-12-18|archive-date=2012-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710065837/http://www.midwestweekends.com/plan_a_trip/family_friends/travel_with_kids/nisswa_turtle_races.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Capture===

{{Main|Capture of painted turtles}}

Commercial harvesting of painted turtles in the wild is controversial and, increasingly, restricted.<ref name="Keen">{{cite news|last=Keen|first=Judith|title=States rethink turtle trapping|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/environment/2009-07-19-turtle-hunt_N.htm|access-date=2010-12-21|newspaper=USA Today|date=2009-07-20}}</ref><ref name="Thorbjarnarson">{{cite book|title=Turtle conservation|date=2000 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|author=Thorbjarnarson, J.|chapter=Human use of turtles |display-authors=4 |author2=Lageux, C. L. |author3=Bolze, D. |author4=Klemens, M. W. |author5= Meylan, A. B. |editor=Klemens, M. W |location=Washington and London|pages=33–84}} cited in {{harvnb|Gamble|Simons|2004}}</ref> Wisconsin formerly had virtually unrestricted trapping of painted turtles but based on qualitative observations forbade all commercial harvesting in 1997.<ref name="Arnie">{{cite journal |last=Arnie |first=Jennifer |title=The turtle trap|journal=Imprint Magazine|url=http://www.bellmuseum.org/imprint/turtle02.html|access-date=2010-12-21|publisher=The University of Minnesota Bell Museum of Natural History|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119125046/http://bellmuseum.org/imprint/turtle02.html <!--Added by H3llBot-->|archive-date=2010-11-19}}</ref> Neighboring Minnesota, where trappers collected more than 300,000&nbsp;painted turtles during the 1990s,{{sfn|Gervais et al.|2009|p=34}} commissioned a study of painted turtle harvesting.<ref name="Gamble2003" /> Scientists found that harvested lakes averaged half the painted turtle density of off-limit lakes, and population modeling suggested that unrestricted harvests could produce a large decline in turtle populations.<ref name="Gamble2004">{{cite journal |last1=Gamble |first1=Tony |last2=Simons |first2=Andrew M. |title=Comparison of harvested and nonharvested painted turtle populations |journal=Wildlife Society Bulletin |date=December 2004 |volume=32 |issue=4 |pages=1269–1277 |doi=10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[1269:COHANP]2.0.CO;2 |s2cid=44057147 |url=https://epublications.marquette.edu/bio_fac/752 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> In response, Minnesota forbade new harvesters in 2002 and limited trap numbers. Although harvesting continued,<ref name="Gamble2004" /> subsequent takes averaged half those of the 1990s.<ref name="MN DNR 2005">{{cite web |title=Minnesota commercial turtle harvest: 2012-2013 |url=http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/eco/nongame/projects/2013_commercialturtleharvest.pdf |format=report |publisher=Minnesota Department of Natural Resources |access-date=2017-09-21 }}</ref> In 2023, Minnesota banned the practice of commercial turtle trapping.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minnesota Bans Commercial Trapping of Wild Turtles |url=https://biologicaldiversity.org/w/news/press-releases/minnesota-bans-commercial-trapping-of-wild-turtles-2023-05-24/ |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=Center for Biological Diversity |language=en}}</ref> As of 2009, painted turtles faced virtually unlimited harvesting in Arkansas, Iowa, Missouri, Ohio, and Oklahoma;<ref name="CBD">{{cite web |title=Southern and midwestern turtle species affected by commercial harvest |url=http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/southern_and_midwestern_freshwater_turtles/pdfs/Southern-and-midwestern-turtle-species-affected-by-harvest.pdf |publisher=Center for Biological Diversity |access-date=2011-07-20}}</ref> since then, Missouri has prohibited their harvesting.<ref name="MO FG" />

[[File:Turtles on trap1.jpg|thumb|left|alt=A square turtle trap is floating near some reeds. There is a plank across the middle, but open access to a space in the middle otherwise, that three turtles are basking on, one crawling on the other. The outer sides of the trap slope and one turtle is starting to climb out of the water, up onto the trap. It is sunny.|Basking trap in Minnesota]]

Individuals who trap painted turtles typically do so to earn additional income,<ref name="Gamble2004" /><ref name="Keen" /> selling a few thousand a year at $1–2 each.<ref name="Gamble2003" /> Many trappers have been involved in the trade for generations, and value it as a family activity.<ref name="Arnie" /> Some harvesters disagree with limiting the catch, saying the populations are not dropping.<ref name="Arnie" />

Many U.S. state [[List of state and territorial fish and wildlife management agencies in the United States|fish and game department]]s allow non-commercial taking of painted turtles under a [[Creel (basket)|creel]] limit, and require a fishing (sometimes hunting) license;{{#tag:ref|State fish and game creel limits.<ref name="AL FG">{{cite web|title=Nongame species protected by Alabama regulations|url=http://www.outdooralabama.com/nongame-vertebrates-protected-alabama-regulations|publisher=Alabama Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries|access-date=2017-09-21|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921193821/http://www.outdooralabama.com/nongame-vertebrates-protected-alabama-regulations|archive-date=2017-09-21}}</ref><ref name="AZ FG">{{cite web|title=Arizona reptile and amphibian regulations |url=http://www.azgfd.gov/pdfs/h_f/herp_regs.pdf |publisher=Arizona Game and Fish Department |access-date=2011-07-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060208100709/http://www.azgfd.gov/pdfs/h_f/herp_regs.pdf |archive-date=February 8, 2006 }}</ref><ref name="VA FG">{{cite web|title=Nongame fish, reptile, amphibian and aquatic invertebrate regulations |url=http://www.dgif.virginia.gov/fishing/regulations/nongame.asp |publisher=Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries |access-date=2010-12-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101111164423/http://www.dgif.virginia.gov/fishing/regulations/nongame.asp |archive-date=2010-11-11 }}</ref><ref name="AL FG comm">{{cite web|title=Resident license information and applications packets|url=http://www.outdooralabama.com/wff-other-commercial-licenses-permits|publisher=Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources|access-date=2010-09-21|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818192510/http://www.outdooralabama.com/wff-other-commercial-licenses-permits|archive-date=2014-08-18}}</ref><ref name="MI FG">{{cite web|title=Regulations on the take of reptiles and amphibians|url=http://www.michigan.gov/documents/RegsOnTheTakeOfReptilesAndAmphibians_164917_7.pdf|publisher=Michigan Department of Natural Resources|access-date=2011-07-20}}</ref><ref name="PA FG">{{cite web|title=Summary of Pennsylvania fishing laws and regulations&nbsp;– reptiles and amphibians&nbsp;– seasons and limits|url=http://pfbc.pa.gov/fishpub/summaryad/repamp.html|publisher=Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission|access-date=2017-09-21}}</ref><ref name="NH FG">{{cite web|title=Rules and regulations for reptiles and amphibians in New Hampshire|url=http://www.wildlife.state.nh.us/nongame/rules-amp-rept.html|publisher=New Hampshire Fish and Game Department|access-date=2017-09-21|archive-date=2017-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921192901/http://www.wildlife.state.nh.us/nongame/rules-amp-rept.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>|group="nb"}} others completely forbid the recreational capture of painted turtles. Trapping is not allowed in Oregon, where western painted turtle populations are in decline,<ref name="OR FG">{{cite web|title=Guidance for Conserving Oregon's Native Turtles including Best Management Practices|url=https://www.dfw.state.or.us/wildlife/living_with/docs/ODFW_Turtle_BMPs_March_2015.pdf|publisher=Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife|access-date=2020-04-30}}</ref> and in Missouri, where there are populations of both southern and western subspecies.<ref name="MO FG">{{cite web|title=MDC discover nature turtles|url=https://nature.mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/general-species-information/amphibian-and-reptile-facts/turtle-facts|publisher=Missouri Department of Conservation|access-date=2017-09-21|quote=Missouri has 17&nbsp;kinds of turtles; all but three are protected&nbsp;... common snapping turtles and two softshells&nbsp;...|archive-date=2017-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922001927/https://nature.mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/general-species-information/amphibian-and-reptile-facts/turtle-facts|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Canada, Ontario protects both subspecies present, the midland and western,<ref name="Ontario Hunting">{{cite web|title=Hunting regulations 2010–2011|url=http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/stdprodconsume/groups/lr/@mnr/@fw/documents/document/239841.pdf|publisher=Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources|access-date=2011-07-20}}</ref> and British Columbia protects its dwindling western painted turtles.<ref name="BC" />

Capture methods are also regulated by locality. Typically trappers use either floating "basking traps" or partially submerged, baited "hoop traps".<ref name="Gamble2006">{{cite journal|last=Gamble|first=Tony|title=The relative efficiency of basking and hoop traps for painted turtles (''Chrysemys picta'')|journal=Herpetological Review|date=2006|volume=37|issue=3|pages=308–312|url=http://www.tc.umn.edu/~gambl007/publications/Gamble_2006.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222021046/http://www.tc.umn.edu/~gambl007/publications/Gamble_2006.pdf|archive-date=2009-12-22}}</ref> Trapper opinions,<ref name="Gamble2006" /> commercial records,<ref name="MN DNR 2005" /> and scientific studies<ref name="Gamble2006" /><ref name="Browne2005">{{cite journal|last=Browne|first=C. L.|author2=Hecnar, S. J.|title=Capture success of northern map turtles (''Graptemys geographica'') and other turtle species in basking vs. baited traps|journal=Herpetological Review|date=2005|volume=36|pages=145–147}} cited in {{harvnb|Gamble|2006}}</ref><ref name="McKenna2001">{{cite journal|last=McKenna|first=K. C.|title=''Chrysemys picta'' (painted turtle). Trapping|journal=Herpetological Review|date=2001|volume=32|page=184}} cited in {{harvnb|Gamble|2006}}</ref> show that basking traps are more effective for collecting painted turtles, while the hoop traps work better for collecting "meat turtles" (snapping turtles and [[Trionychidae|soft-shell turtles]]). Nets, hand capture, and fishing with [[Dropline|set lines]] are generally legal, but shooting, chemicals, and explosives are forbidden.{{#tag:ref|State fish and game taking restrictions.<ref name="AL FG"/><ref name="AZ FG"/><ref name="VA FG"/><ref name="MI FG"/><ref name="PA FG"/><ref name="NH FG"/>|group="nb"}}
{{Clear}}

===Culture===

{{quote box
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| quote = "Whereas, the Painted Turtle is a hard worker and can withstand cold temperatures like the citizens of Vermont, and Whereas, the colors of the Painted Turtle represent the beauty of our state in autumn ... the General Assembly hereby recognizes the Painted Turtle as the official state reptile ..."
| source = Vermont J.R.S. 57<ref name="Vermont" />
}}

[[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] tribes were familiar with the painted turtle—young braves were trained to recognize its splashing into water as an alarm—and incorporated it in folklore.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Macfarlan | first1 = Allan | last2 = Macfarlan | first2 = Paulette | title = Handbook of American Indian games | publisher = Dover Publications | isbn = 978-0-486-24837-0 | date = 1985-03-01 | page = [https://archive.org/details/handbookofameric00macf/page/62 62] | url = https://archive.org/details/handbookofameric00macf/page/62 }}</ref> A [[Potawatomi]] myth describes how the talking turtles, "Painted Turtle" and allies "Snapping Turtle" and "[[box turtle|Box Turtle]]", outwit the village women. Painted Turtle is the star of the legend and uses his distinctive markings to trick a woman into holding him so he can bite her.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.mpm.edu/wirp/ICW-137.html | title = Potawatomi oral tradition | access-date = 2010-12-17 | publisher = Milwaukee Public Museum | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100610005129/http://www.mpm.edu/wirp/ICW-137.html | archive-date = 2010-06-10 }} Adapted from {{cite book | last = Skinner | first = Alanson | title = The Mascoutens or Prairie Potawatomi Indians, Volume 6 | chapter = Mythology and Folklore | volume = 3 | publisher = Board of Trustees | date = 1927 | location = Indiana University}}</ref> An [[Illiniwek|Illini]] myth recounts how Painted Turtle put his paint on to entice a chief's daughter into the water.<ref>Illinois State Museum. [http://www.museum.state.il.us/muslink/nat_amer/post/htmls/popups/be_turtle.html The painted turtle]. Retrieved 2010-12-10. "As told by an unidentified Peoria informant to Truman Michelson, 1916; after Knoepfle 1993."</ref>

As of 2010, four U.S. states designated the painted turtle as [[List of U.S. state reptiles|official reptile]]. Vermont honored the reptile in 1994, following the suggestion of [[Cornwall Elementary School]] students.<ref name="Vermont">{{cite web | url = http://www.leg.state.vt.us/DOCS/1994/ACTS/ACTR179.HTM | title = Joint resolution relating to the designation of the painted turtle as the state reptile | access-date = 2010-12-15}}</ref> In 1995, Michigan followed, based on the recommendation of [[Niles, Michigan|Niles]] fifth graders, who discovered the state lacked an official reptile.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Michigan's state symbols | journal = Michigan History Magazine | date = May 2002 | volume = 100| url = http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mhc_mhm_statesymbols2002_47909_7.pdf}}</ref> On February 2, 2005, Representative [[Bob Biggins]] introduced a bill to make the [[tiger salamander]] the official state amphibian of Illinois and to make the painted turtle the official state reptile. The bill was signed into law by Governor [[Rod Blagojevich]] on July 19, 2005.<ref>{{cite web|last=Biggins|first=Bob|title=Bill Status of House Bill 847: State Amphibian Reptile|date=February 2, 2005|publisher=[[Illinois General Assembly]]|access-date=June 14, 2023|url=https://ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=847&GAID=8&DocTypeID=HB&LegID=15444&SessionID=50&GA=94&SpecSess=0}}</ref> Colorado chose the western painted turtle in 2008, following the efforts of two succeeding years of Jay Biachi's fourth grade classes.<ref name="Colorado">{{cite web | url = http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/history/symbemb.htm#Reptile | title = Colorado state archives symbols & emblems | access-date = 2011-01-23 | work = colorado.gov | publisher = State of Colorado}}</ref> In New York, the painted turtle narrowly lost (5,048 to 5,005, versus the common snapping turtle) a 2006 statewide student election for state reptile.<ref name="NY election">{{cite web|title=The voting is over: Students nominate common snapping turtle as official state reptile|url=http://assembly.state.ny.us/mem/Joel-M-Miller/story/18722/|publisher=Assemblyman Joel M. Miller|access-date=2011-02-25|date=2006-04-26|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007141341/http://assembly.state.ny.us/mem/Joel-M-Miller/story/18722/|archive-date=2012-10-07}}</ref>

[[File:2009-0521-Boissevain-TtheT.jpg|thumb|upright|left|alt=A large turtle statue standing on two legs and holding a Canadian flag in one hand an American flag in the other.|''Tommy the Turtle'']]

In the border town of [[Boissevain, Manitoba|Boissevain]], Manitoba, a {{convert|10,000|lb|kg|abbr=on|-2}} western painted turtle, ''Tommy the Turtle'', is a roadside attraction. The statue was built in 1974 to celebrate the Canadian Turtle Derby, a festival including [[Turtle racing|turtle races]] that ran from 1972 to 2001.<ref name="Raynor">{{cite news|last=Raynor |first=Paul |title=Celebration coins minted and ready |url=http://www.boissevainrecorder.mb.ca/placed%20news/17dec05.htm |access-date=2011-01-28 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060213230632/http://www.boissevainrecorder.mb.ca/placed%20news/17dec05.htm |archive-date=February 13, 2006 |url-status=dead |newspaper=Boissevain Recorder |date=2005-12-17}}</ref>

Another Canadian admirer of the painted turtle is [[Jon Montgomery]], who won the 2010 Olympic gold medal in [[Skeleton (sport)|skeleton]] (a form of sled) racing, while wearing a painted turtle painting on the crown of his helmet, prominently visible when he slid downhill. Montgomery, who also iconically tattooed his chest with a maple-leaf,<ref name="Whistler's party">{{cite web|title=Jon Montgomery is the life of Whistler's party |url=http://olympics.thestar.com/2010/article/769062--jon-montgomery-is-the-life-of-whistler-s-party |author=Kevin McGran |publisher=[[Toronto Star]] |date=2010-02-21 |access-date=2010-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100224051700/http://olympics.thestar.com/2010/article/769062--jon-montgomery-is-the-life-of-whistler-s-party |archive-date=February 24, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> explained his visual promotion of the turtle, saying that he had assisted one to cross the road. [[BC Hydro]] referred to Montgomery's action when describing its own sponsorship of conservation research for the turtle in British Columbia.<ref name="editor">{{cite news|title=BC Hydro plans painted turtle study this summer|url=http://www.revelstokecurrent.com/2010/02/26/bc-hydro-plans-painted-turtle-study-this-summer/|access-date=2011-02-04|newspaper=The Revelstoke Current|date=2010-02-26|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715175310/http://www.revelstokecurrent.com/2010/02/26/bc-hydro-plans-painted-turtle-study-this-summer/|archive-date=2011-07-15}}</ref>

Several private entities use the painted turtle as a symbol. [[Wayne State University Press]] operates an imprint "named after the Michigan state reptile" that "publishes books on regional topics of cultural and historical interest".<ref>{{cite web|title=Painted turtle publishing imprint website |url=http://wsupress.wayne.edu/Series/paintedturtle |publisher=Wayne State University Press |access-date=2010-12-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091018003207/http://wsupress.wayne.edu/Series/paintedturtle |archive-date=October 18, 2009 }}</ref> In California, [[The Painted Turtle]] is a camp for ill children, founded by [[Paul Newman]]. Painted Turtle Winery of British Columbia trades on the "laid back and casual lifestyle" of the turtle with a "job description to bask in the sun".<ref>{{cite web|title=Painted turtle winery|url=http://www.paintedturtlewine.com/|access-date=2010-12-07|archive-date=2011-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202092759/http://www.paintedturtlewine.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Also, there is an Internet company in Michigan,<ref name="PTWD">{{cite web|title=Painted turtle web design|url=http://www.paintedturtlewebdesign.com/|publisher=Painted Turtle Web Design|access-date=2011-01-02}}</ref> a guesthouse in British Columbia,<ref>{{cite web|title=Painted turtle guesthouse website|url=http://www.paintedturtle.ca/home.php|access-date=2010-12-06}}</ref> and a café in Maine that use the painted turtle commercially.<ref>{{cite news|last=Staff reports |title=Eat & run |newspaper=The Portland Press Herald |date=2010-03-12 |url=http://www.pressherald.com/archive/eat-and-run_2009-01-07.html |access-date=2010-12-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807114858/http://www.pressherald.com/archive/eat-and-run_2009-01-07.html |archive-date=August 7, 2011 }}</ref>

In children's books, the painted turtle is a popular subject, with at least seven books published between 2000 and 2010.{{#tag:ref|2000–2010 children's books on the painted turtle.<ref name="Collier2010">{{cite book|last=Collier|first=Kevin Scott|title=The Esther Chronicles|date=2010}}</ref><ref name="Collier">{{cite book|last=Collier|first=Kent Scott|title=Esther's Channel|isbn=978-0-9752880-6-1|publisher=Baker Tritten|date=2005-04-15|url=https://archive.org/details/estherschannel0000coll}}</ref><ref name="Hughes">{{cite book|last=Hughes|first=Marghanita|title=Nika and the painted turtle|date=2010}}</ref><ref name="Gillis">{{cite book|last=Gillis|first=Jennifer Blizen|title=Turtles: Pets at my House|publisher=Heinemann Library|isbn=978-1-4034-5056-2|date=2004-10-30|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/turtles0000gill}}</ref><ref name="Hipp">{{cite book|last=Hipp|first=Andrew|title=The Life Cycle of a Painted Turtle|publisher=Rosen Classroom|isbn=978-1-4042-5208-0|date=2005-01-01}}</ref><ref name="Falwell">{{cite book|last=Falwell|first=Cathryn|title=Turtle Splash!: Countdown at the Pond|publisher=Greenwillow Books|isbn=978-0-06-142927-9|date=2008-02-26}}</ref><ref name="Turtle Crossing">{{cite book|last=Chrustowski|first=Rick|title=Turtle Crossing|date=2006|publisher=Henry Hold & Co|isbn=978-0-8050-7498-7|url=https://archive.org/details/turtlecrossing0000chru|url-access=registration|quote=So the next time you see a Turtle Crossing sign, keep your eyes open—if you're lucky, you just might see a painted turtle on her way to make a nest.}}</ref>|group="nb"}}
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